scholarly journals Morphological Structure of Polystyrene Degradated by Soil Bacteria from Sarimukti Final Landfill Cipatat Bandung

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 146-154 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tri Rahayu Hidayat ◽  
Ida Indrawati ◽  
Tati Herlina
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscope ◽  
Soil Bacteria ◽  
Morphological Structure ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Physical Analysis ◽  
Degrading Bacteria ◽  
Environmentally Friendly Method ◽  
Scanning Electron

The amount of Styrofoam waste in Bandung reaches 27,02 tons per month. Styrofoam used as packaging food or drinks, that are formed on styrene and benzene. The migration of benzene from packaging materials to food can cause various diseases. The most potent source of finding indigenous bacteria that can degrade of synthetic polymers is in the Final Landfill. This research method uses exploratory methods that are analyzed descriptively consisting of the stages of the biodegradation test with the Winogradsky Column method, calculation of the percentage of weight loss of Styrofoam, physical analysis with Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM). The results of this study found 4 species of polystyrene degrading bacteria is Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens, Bacillus cereus and Bacillus firmus. The percentage reduction in dry weight of polystyrene showed in the first week the polystyrene weight decreased by 8.27% and increased weight loss up to the eighth week which reached 18.23% and and physical analysis with Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) indicates that the process of degradation by soil bacteria showed the formation of holes or pores on the surface. These polystyrene degrading bacteria from Sarimukti landfills can be recommended as an environmentally friendly method for reducing styrofoam waste.

scholarly journals Biodegradation Styrofoam by Soil Bacteria from Sarimukti Cipatat Bandung Final Disposal Site

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 218-227
Author(s):  
Tri Rahayu Hidayat ◽  
Ida Indrawati ◽  
Tati Herlina
Keyword(s):  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscope ◽  
Functional Groups ◽  
Bacillus Amyloliquefaciens ◽  
Soil Bacteria ◽  
Physical Analysis ◽  
Bacillus Firmus ◽  
Degrading Bacteria ◽  
Scanning Electron

AbstrakStyrofoam digunakan sebagai kemasan makanan atau minuman, dibentuk oleh stiren dan benzena. Migrasi benzena dari bahan kemasan ke makanan dapat menyebabkan berbagai penyakit. Cara untuk mengurangi limbah styrofoam adalah dengan mencari bakteri yang dapat mendegradasi styrofoam secara alami. Sumber potensial untuk menemukan bakteri tersebut adalah di Tempat Pembuangan Akhir Sarimukti. Metode penelitian ini menggunakan metode eksplorasi yang dianalisis secara deskriptif kualitatif. Tahapan  penelitian terdiri atas uji biodegradasi dengan metode Winogradsky Column, perhitungan persentase penurunan berat kering Styrofoam, analisis fisik dengan Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), dan analisis perubahan gugus fungsi dengan FT-IR.Hasil penelitian ini ditemukan 4 spesies bakteri pendegradasi polistiren yaitu Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens, Bacillus cereus, dan Bacillus firmus. Persentase penurunan berat kering polistiren menunjukkan pada minggu kedelapan mencapai 18,23% dan analisis fisik dengan Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) menunjukkan bahwa proses degradasi oleh bakteri tanah menghasilkan pembentukan pori-pori di permukaan Styrofoam. Analisis gugus fungsi menunjukkan bahwa gugus fungsi menjadi lebih sederhana setelah degradasi dengan munculnya gugus fungsi C-O pada bilangan gelombang 1.030,02 cm-1. Bakteri pendegradasi polistiren dari tempat pembuangan akhir Sarimukti ini dapat direkomendasikan sebagai metode yang ramah lingkungan untuk mengurangi limbah styrofoam.Abstract Styrofoam used as packaging food or drinks, that are formed on styrene and benzene. The migration of benzene from packaging materials to food can cause various diseases. The way to reduce styrofoam waste is to look for bacteria that can degrade styrofoam naturally. The most potent source of finding bacteria is in the Sarimukti Final Landfill. This research method uses exploratory methods that are analyzed descriptively qualitative. The stages of the study consisted of biodegradation testing using the Winogradsky method, calculation of the percentage of weight loss of Styrofoam, physical analysis with Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), and analysis of changes in functional groups with FTIR. The results of this study found 4 species of polystyrene degrading bacteria is Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens, Bacillus cereus and Bacillus firmus. The percentage reduction in dry weight of polystyrene showed in the eighth week which reached 18.23% and physical analysis with Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) indicates that the process of degradation by soil bacteria showed the formation of pores on the surface. Functional group analysis shows that functional groups become simpler after the degradation with the appearance of C-O functional groups at wave number 1,030.02 cm-1. These polystyrene degrading bacteria from Sarimukti landfills can be recommended as an environmentally friendly method for reducing styrofoam waste.

scholarly journals Characteristics of Active Carbon from Utilization of Red Chili Trees (Capsicum annuum L)

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-13
Author(s):  
Ni Made Dwidiani ◽  
Putu Wijaya Sunu ◽  
Gusti Ngurah Nitya Santhiarsa
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscope ◽  
Elemental Composition ◽  
Active Carbon ◽  
Chemical Activation ◽  
Morphological Structure ◽  
Testing Procedure ◽  
Scanning Electron ◽  
Made In

This work studies the use of red chilli tree (capsicum anuumm L) waste as material of activated carbon and examines the morphological structure and elemental composition of the activated chili trees. The morphological structure was measured at TekMIRA (Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Teknologi Mineral dan Batubara, Bandung) by using the scanning electron microscope (SEM), and the composition of the elements of carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen and ash is determined by the ultimate testing analysis with the ASTM D5373 standard. In the testing procedure, activated carbon is made from red chili tree waste by dehydration with a temperature of 2000 C for 1 hour and carbonized with a temperature of 3750 C for 1 hour. Then, the chemical activation (NaOH) is made in variation of concentration of 1%, 3%, and 5% with soaked time 24 hours, and dried at 2000 C for one hour. The carbonization at a concentration of 1% (NaOH) gave the best result on activated carbon from red chili trees.

Synthesis and Evaluation of Benzohydrazide Derivative as a Corrosion Protector for Magnesium Alloy in 3%Nacl

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
RAJA KALIYAPERUMAL ◽  
T.KASILINGAM
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Magnesium Alloy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscope ◽  
Alkaline Medium ◽  
Energy Dispersive ◽  
Cathodic Process ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Nyquist Plots ◽  
Scanning Electron

Abstract Inhibition action of 4-Chloro-N(3,4,5-trimethoxybenzilidene) benzohydrazide on the corrosion of magnesium alloy in alkaline medium was investigated by weight-loss technique, Nyquist spectra, Tafel plot, scanning electron microscope and energy dispersive x-ray analysis. Tafel curves of magnesium alloy showed both anodic and cathodic process suppressed. Nyquist plots, scanning electron microscope and energy dispersive x-ray analysis studies provide the confirmatory evidence for the protection of magnesium alloy by the studied inhibitor.

scholarly journals The Decay Resistance and Hyphae Penetration of BambooGigantochloa scortechiniiDecayed by White and Brown Rot Fungi

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Norul Hisham Hamid ◽  
Othman Sulaiman ◽  
Azmy Mohammad ◽  
Norasikin Ahmad Ludin
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscope ◽  
Brown Rot ◽  
Decay Resistance ◽  
Malt Extract ◽  
Brown Rot Fungi ◽  
Percentage Weight ◽  
Agar Media ◽  
Scanning Electron

The decay resistance and hyphae penetration of bambooGigantochloa scortechiniidecayed by white and brown rot fungi were investigated using scanning electron microscope (SEM). The bamboo grown in natural stand from three different age classes of 0.5, 3.5, and 6.5 years was harvested, oven dried, sterilised, and exposed to agar media containing 4% malt extract and 2% agar technical (no. 3) under laboratory condition for 8 weeks. The deterioration was expressed as percentage of weight loss, and the decay resistance classes were measured according to ASTM D 2017-81 (1986). This study found that the percentage weight loss was greatly reduced with the bamboo ageing. Regardless of age, theG. scortechiniiwas classified as highly resistant to decay by white and brown rot fungi. The scanning electron microscope (SEM) observation showed that the fungi hyphae mostly penetrated into the vessel and proceeded to the pit and parenchyma cells.

Preliminary Study in Cross-Linked Gelatin/Alginate Sponges

2012 ◽  
Vol 184-185 ◽  
pp. 1102-1105
Author(s):  
Ching Wen Lou ◽  
Ming Sheng Huang ◽  
Chiung Yun Chang ◽  
Chao Tsang Lu ◽  
Wen Cheng Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscope ◽  
Freeze Drying ◽  
Tissue Fluid ◽  
Fluid Absorption ◽  
Degradation Tests ◽  
Swelling Rate ◽  
Preliminary Study ◽  
Scanning Electron

Gelatin and alginate are commonly used as biomaterials for making dressings because both of which have hemostasis and high tissue fluid absorption ability. In this study, gelatin and alginate are mixed at various weight ratios, the mixtures of which then undergo the freeze-drying, forming the gelatin/alginate sponges. The resulting sponges serve as the contact surface of dressings, and swelling and degradation tests evaluate the samples in terms of hydrophilicity and absorbility. The pores in the sponges are then observed by a scanning electron microscope (SEM). According to our study, with a decrease in the amount of gelatin, the determined pore size and swelling rate both increase, but the weight loss decreases.

scholarly journals New 3,3'-((4-Aryl) methylene)bis(4-hydroxy-2H chromen 2- one) (MHO) derivatives as Corrosion Inhibitor

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 137-146
Author(s):  
Yasameen K. Al-Majedy ◽  
Hiba H. Ibraheem ◽  
Ali Jasem ◽  
Ahmed A. Al-Amiery
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Weight Loss ◽  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscope ◽  
Corrosion Inhibitor ◽  
Weight Loss Method ◽  
Loss Method ◽  
Scanning Electron ◽  
Surface Technique

New green natural particles as corrosion inhibitor namely, macromolecules were incorporated beginning from 4-hydroxycoumarin with 4-nitrobenzaldehyde in the presence of glacial acid (1) then synthesis with methyl bromoacetate after that this compound (2) used to synthesis of 2,2'-(3,3'-((4-nitrophenyl)methylene)bis(2-oxo-2H-chromene-4,3 diyl))bis(oxy)diacetohydrazide (3) when was refluxed with hydrazine hydrate when compound(2) refluxed with HCl to obtain compound (4)  and tested all the synthesis compounds on mild steel (MS) in 1 M HCl, 1M H2SO4 media by a weight loss method and identification of the surface technique employee scanning/electron/microscope (SEM) studies. The weight loss investigation demonstrated that inhibition performances have been improved via concentration raising of inhibitor. To support our results scanning electron microscopy was employed to clarify the surface of the MS with and without synthesis compounds in 1.0 M HCl and1.0M H2SO4 media.

Differing infection of Isaria fumosorosea (Wize) Brown & Smith in an aphid (Myzus persicae [Sulzer]) and predatory mite (Neoseiulus cucumeris [Oudemans]) under a scanning electron microscope

2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (12) ◽  
pp. 2263-2272
Author(s):  
Xia Chen ◽  
Li Sun ◽  
Yan-xuan Zhang ◽  
Ling-ling Zhao ◽  
Jian-zhen Lin
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscope ◽  
Morphological Structure ◽  
Predatory Mites ◽  
Predatory Mite ◽  
Isaria Fumosorosea ◽  
Neoseiulus Cucumeris ◽  
Cleaning Behavior ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Scanning Electron

Implementing a predator-mediated pathogen dissemination system can meet the goal of simultaneous biocontrol of harmful mites and other pests. But for the system to be effective, it must satisfy the requirement of high lethality of the pathogen to the target pest(s) with low lethality to predatory mites in a suitable environment. Prior testing showed that the fungal entomopathogen Isaria fumosorosea (Wize) Brown & Smith exhibited high toxicity to aphids yet low toxicity to the predatory mite Neoseiulus cucumeris (Oudemans). In practical application, the humidity conditions of conidia carried by predatory mites to plants are not necessarily constant. Therefore, we set two different humidity conditions to observe the changes of spore attachment quantity and the differences of germination and infection between predatory mites and aphids after their bodies were stained with spores. Under 50±1% relative humidity (RH), predatory mites cleaned most spores in a short time; 24 hours after dusting, the number of spores (mean ± SD) on body was (0.64±0.10)×103, just (4.43±0.35)% of that at 0h, but spores on aphids were kept (16.58±1.48)% ((6.46±0.91)×103 spores) of that at beginning. There was a significant difference in the percentage of spores retained on aphids and predatory mites (p=0.000<0.01). Humidity could affect the cleaning behavior; under 95± 1% RH (the suitable humidity for conidia germination), more spores persisted than that under the 50 ± 1% RH condition; at 24h, the numbers of spores on each predatory mite and aphid were (1.00±0.10)×103 and (10.02±2.87)×103. Here, under a scanning electron microscope, we found that spores on the aphid’s body germinated 36 hours after dusting under 95± 1% RH, and the I. fumosorosea mycelium had spread after 48 hours; many new mycelium and spores were produced after 72 hours. In stark contrast, few spores germinated on the mite’s body, thus leading to very little damage to its surface. Different cleaning behavior and different morphological structure of body wall can both affect the attachment and infection of I. fumosorosea to aphids and predatory mites. In the future, chemical substance, enzyme and other factors should also be researched to explain the difference of infection of entomopathogenic fungi to different species.

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