Differing infection of Isaria fumosorosea (Wize) Brown & Smith in an aphid (Myzus persicae [Sulzer]) and predatory mite (Neoseiulus cucumeris [Oudemans]) under a scanning electron microscope

2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (12) ◽  
pp. 2263-2272
Author(s):  
Xia Chen ◽  
Li Sun ◽  
Yan-xuan Zhang ◽  
Ling-ling Zhao ◽  
Jian-zhen Lin
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscope ◽  
Morphological Structure ◽  
Predatory Mites ◽  
Predatory Mite ◽  
Isaria Fumosorosea ◽  
Neoseiulus Cucumeris ◽  
Cleaning Behavior ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Scanning Electron

Implementing a predator-mediated pathogen dissemination system can meet the goal of simultaneous biocontrol of harmful mites and other pests. But for the system to be effective, it must satisfy the requirement of high lethality of the pathogen to the target pest(s) with low lethality to predatory mites in a suitable environment. Prior testing showed that the fungal entomopathogen Isaria fumosorosea (Wize) Brown & Smith exhibited high toxicity to aphids yet low toxicity to the predatory mite Neoseiulus cucumeris (Oudemans). In practical application, the humidity conditions of conidia carried by predatory mites to plants are not necessarily constant. Therefore, we set two different humidity conditions to observe the changes of spore attachment quantity and the differences of germination and infection between predatory mites and aphids after their bodies were stained with spores. Under 50±1% relative humidity (RH), predatory mites cleaned most spores in a short time; 24 hours after dusting, the number of spores (mean ± SD) on body was (0.64±0.10)×103, just (4.43±0.35)% of that at 0h, but spores on aphids were kept (16.58±1.48)% ((6.46±0.91)×103 spores) of that at beginning. There was a significant difference in the percentage of spores retained on aphids and predatory mites (p=0.000<0.01). Humidity could affect the cleaning behavior; under 95± 1% RH (the suitable humidity for conidia germination), more spores persisted than that under the 50 ± 1% RH condition; at 24h, the numbers of spores on each predatory mite and aphid were (1.00±0.10)×103 and (10.02±2.87)×103. Here, under a scanning electron microscope, we found that spores on the aphid’s body germinated 36 hours after dusting under 95± 1% RH, and the I. fumosorosea mycelium had spread after 48 hours; many new mycelium and spores were produced after 72 hours. In stark contrast, few spores germinated on the mite’s body, thus leading to very little damage to its surface. Different cleaning behavior and different morphological structure of body wall can both affect the attachment and infection of I. fumosorosea to aphids and predatory mites. In the future, chemical substance, enzyme and other factors should also be researched to explain the difference of infection of entomopathogenic fungi to different species.

scholarly journals Characteristics of Active Carbon from Utilization of Red Chili Trees (Capsicum annuum L)

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-13
Author(s):  
Ni Made Dwidiani ◽  
Putu Wijaya Sunu ◽  
Gusti Ngurah Nitya Santhiarsa
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscope ◽  
Elemental Composition ◽  
Active Carbon ◽  
Chemical Activation ◽  
Morphological Structure ◽  
Testing Procedure ◽  
Scanning Electron ◽  
Made In

This work studies the use of red chilli tree (capsicum anuumm L) waste as material of activated carbon and examines the morphological structure and elemental composition of the activated chili trees. The morphological structure was measured at TekMIRA (Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Teknologi Mineral dan Batubara, Bandung) by using the scanning electron microscope (SEM), and the composition of the elements of carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen and ash is determined by the ultimate testing analysis with the ASTM D5373 standard. In the testing procedure, activated carbon is made from red chili tree waste by dehydration with a temperature of 2000 C for 1 hour and carbonized with a temperature of 3750 C for 1 hour. Then, the chemical activation (NaOH) is made in variation of concentration of 1%, 3%, and 5% with soaked time 24 hours, and dried at 2000 C for one hour. The carbonization at a concentration of 1% (NaOH) gave the best result on activated carbon from red chili trees.

Preparation of Biodegradable Gradient Polymer by Microwave

2011 ◽  
Vol 236-238 ◽  
pp. 1949-1953 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ji Yan Liu ◽  
Xue Qing Liu
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscope ◽  
Polymeric Membrane ◽  
Thickness Direction ◽  
Composition And Structure ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Gradient Variation ◽  
Percentage Ratio ◽  
Scanning Electron

A biodegradable gradient polymeric membrane based on chitosan (CS) and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) has been prepared by microwave technique. The composition and morphology variation along the thickness direction in membrane were measured by elemental analysis and scanning electron microscope (SEM). The tensile properties of CS/PVA gradient membrane were tested. Results showed that the content of either polymer shows a gradient variation along the thickness direction. SEM photographs exhibit that morphology also evolves gradually with the varying percentage ratio of two polymers. As a result of such variations in composition and structure, the mechanical properties on both sides exhibit a significant difference. Compared with conventional isotropic membrane, gradient membrane has improved mechanical properties.

Influence of prophylaxis on the microleakage of sealants: in vitro study

2002 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
pp. 371-375 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana Beatriz Alonso Chevitarese ◽  
Orlando Chevitarese ◽  
Ivete Pomarico Ribeiro de Souza ◽  
Roberto Braga de Carvalho Vianna
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscope ◽  
In Vitro Study ◽  
Optical Microscope ◽  
Vitro Study ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Group A ◽  
Group B ◽  
Scanning Electron

The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of prophylaxis on the sealants microleakage in 30 premolars divided into: Group A, Group B and Group C. The teeth were analyzed using the optical microscope (OM) and at scanning electron microscope (SEM). There was a statitical significant difference among the groups regarding the presence of microleakage, but not with the presence of tags.

scholarly journals Evaluation of two different root-end cavity preparation techniques: A scanning electron microscope study

2013 ◽  
Vol 07 (02) ◽  
pp. 186-190 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seda Aydemir ◽  
Hale Cimilli ◽  
Afife Binnaz Hazar Yoruç ◽  
Nevin Kartal
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscope ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Laser Materials ◽  
Cavity Preparation ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscope Study ◽  
Yag Laser ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Laser Group ◽  
Scanning Electron

ABSTRACT Objective: In this study, we aimed to evaluate and compare the dentinal walls of root-end cavities for the presence of cracks after cavity preparation using US retrotips and Er: YAG laser. Materials and Methods: Fifty single-rooted teeth were prepared by Protaper NiTi rotary system and obturated by lateral condensation. Three milimeters of root-end was resected. Twenty teeth were prepared with US retrotip (Group 1), 20 teeth with Er: YAG laser (Group 2), and 10 teeth without retropreparation (control group). The root-end surfaces were examined under a scanning electron microscope (SEM). Then the cracks of the resected root surfaces were evaluated on microphotographs. Results: No statistically significant difference was detected between US Group and Laser Group for complete, incomplete, intradentinal, and total number of cracks (P = 0.47, P = 0.80, P = 0.69, P = 0.869, respectively). Conclusion: Statistical analysis revealed no significant effect of retropreparation technique on the development of apical cracks (P > 0.05).

scholarly journals Cleaning ability of rotary NiTi systems with different kinematics

2019 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Amira Galal Ismail ◽  
Mohamed Mokhtar Nagy ◽  
Manar Galal
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscope ◽  
Adaptive Systems ◽  
Reciprocating Motion ◽  
Continuous Rotation ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Adaptive Motion ◽  
Microscope Images ◽  
Rotation Motion ◽  
Scanning Electron

Abstract Background The aim of this study was to compare the cleaning ability of rotary NiTi systems with different kinematics: ProTaper Next (PTN) (continuous rotation motion), WaveOne Gold (WOG) (reciprocating motion), and Twisted File Adaptive (TFA) (adaptive motion). Methodology Sixty mesiobuccal roots from extracted mandibular molars were divided into three groups (n = 20): PTN, prepared by ProTaper Next; WOG, prepared by WaveOne Gold system; and TFA, prepared by Twisted File Adaptive systems. Teeth were longitudinally split into two halves for evaluation by scanning electron microscope. Images were analysed for debris and smear layer scores using the scoring system described by Hülsmann et al. (J Endod 23:301–6, 1997). Results No significant difference was found between the three groups in the coronal one third (P = 0.071). However, the TFA group recorded a significantly higher percentage of debris in the middle and apical thirds (P < 0.001 and P < 0.001, respectively) Conclusions Under the conditions of this study, adaptive motion produced more debris than the reciprocating and the continuous rotating motions.

scholarly journals Scanning Electron Microscope Configuration of Recycled Carbon Fiber Composites: Mini Review

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seyed Hossein Mamanpush ◽  
Azadeh Tavousi Tabatabaei
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Carbon Fiber ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscope ◽  
Fiber Composites ◽  
Carbon Fiber Composites ◽  
Pull Out ◽  
Heat Treated ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Carbon Fiber Epoxy ◽  
Scanning Electron

Carbon fiber composites (CFCs) were mechanically refined and classified the scanning electron microscope (SEM) configuration of untreated and heat-treated mechanically recycled carbon fiber epoxy and carbon fiber vinyl ester composite were examined by using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). SEM Results indicate that the main defects in the structure of recycled CFCs are broken fibers, fiber pull-out, fiber-matrix separation. Also Comparing SEM of untreated and heat-treated recycled CFC indicates that there is no significant difference between their micrographs.

scholarly journals Comparative Evaluation of Cleaning Efficacy using Four Novel Nickel–titanium Rotary Instruments: An in vitro Scanning Electron Microscope Study

2017 ◽  
Vol 18 (12) ◽  
pp. 1135-1143
Author(s):  
Prem P Kar ◽  
Sandhya A Khasnis ◽  
Krisnamurthy H Kidiyoor
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscope ◽  
Root Canal ◽  
Nickel Titanium ◽  
Smear Layer ◽  
Layer Removal ◽  
Rotary Instruments ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Cleaning Efficacy ◽  
Scanning Electron

ABSTRACT Aim The aim of the study was to compare the cleaning efficacy (debris and smear layer removal) of two multifile rotary systems (MTwo and Silk) and two single-file rotary systems (F6 Skytaper and NeoNiTi). Materials and methods Eighty mesial canals of mandibular first molars were cleaned and shaped using four nickel–titanium (NiTi) rotary instruments to size # 25 and 3% NaOCl and 17% ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA). Samples were randomly divided into four equal groups (n = 20) according to instrumentation: Group I, Mtwo; group II, Silk; group III, F6 Skytaper; group IV, NeoNiTi. Samples were split longitudinally and examined under scanning electron microscope (SEM) for debris and smear layer removal in coronal, middle, and apical thirds of each root canal. Results F6 skytaper and Mtwo groups showed significantly higher debris removal than Silk and NeoNiTi groups in apical third of root canal as well as when compared with NeoNiTi group in middle third. F6 Skytaper group showed significantly higher debris and smear layer removal than Silk group in coronal third. There was statistically significant difference among all thirds of root canal in terms of debris removal in Silk and NeoNiTi groups. There was statistically significant difference among all thirds of root canal in F6 Skytaper and NeoNiTi groups in terms of smear layer removal. Conclusion F6 Skytaper single-file rotary instrumentation showed the maximum cleaning efficacy followed by Mtwo multifile rotary instrumentation in all thirds of root canal. Clinical significance F6 Skytaper rotary instrument is most efficient followed by Mtwo rotary instrument among all rotary instruments. How to cite this article Kar PP, Khasnis SA, Kidiyoor KH. Comparative Evaluation of Cleaning Efficacy using Four Novel Nickel-titanium Rotary Instruments: An in vitro Scanning Electron Microscope Study. J Contemp Dent Pract 2017;18(12):1135-1143.

scholarly journals Morphological Structure of Polystyrene Degradated by Soil Bacteria from Sarimukti Final Landfill Cipatat Bandung

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 146-154 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tri Rahayu Hidayat ◽  
Ida Indrawati ◽  
Tati Herlina
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscope ◽  
Soil Bacteria ◽  
Morphological Structure ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Physical Analysis ◽  
Degrading Bacteria ◽  
Environmentally Friendly Method ◽  
Scanning Electron

The amount of Styrofoam waste in Bandung reaches 27,02 tons per month. Styrofoam used as packaging food or drinks, that are formed on styrene and benzene. The migration of benzene from packaging materials to food can cause various diseases. The most potent source of finding indigenous bacteria that can degrade of synthetic polymers is in the Final Landfill. This research method uses exploratory methods that are analyzed descriptively consisting of the stages of the biodegradation test with the Winogradsky Column method, calculation of the percentage of weight loss of Styrofoam, physical analysis with Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM). The results of this study found 4 species of polystyrene degrading bacteria is Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens, Bacillus cereus and Bacillus firmus. The percentage reduction in dry weight of polystyrene showed in the first week the polystyrene weight decreased by 8.27% and increased weight loss up to the eighth week which reached 18.23% and and physical analysis with Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) indicates that the process of degradation by soil bacteria showed the formation of holes or pores on the surface. These polystyrene degrading bacteria from Sarimukti landfills can be recommended as an environmentally friendly method for reducing styrofoam waste.

scholarly journals Characteristics of Particles and Debris Released after Implantoplasty: A Comparative Study

Materials ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 602
Author(s):  
Xixi Wu ◽  
Changjie Cai ◽  
Javier Gil ◽  
Elizabeth Jantz ◽  
Yacoub Al Sakka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscope ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Particle Number ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Group A ◽  
Particle Sizer ◽  
Group B ◽  
Scanning Electron

Titanium particles embedded on peri-implant tissues are associated with a variety of detrimental effects. Given that the characteristics of these detached fragments (size, concentration, etc.) dictate the potential cytotoxicity and biological repercussions exerted, it is of paramount importance to investigate the properties of these debris. This study compares the characteristics of particles released among different implant systems (Group A: Straumann, Group B: BioHorizons and Group C: Zimmer) during implantoplasty. A novel experimental system was utilized for measuring and collecting particles generated from implantoplasty. A scanning mobility particle sizer, aerodynamic particle sizer, nano micro-orifice uniform deposit impactor, and scanning electron microscope were used to collect and analyze the particles by size. The chemical composition of the particles was analyzed by highly sensitive microanalysis, microstructures by scanning electron microscope and the mechanical properties by nanoindentation equipment. Particles released by implantoplasty showed bimodal size distributions, with the majority of particles in the ultrafine size range (<100 nm) for all groups. Statistical analysis indicated a significant difference among all implant systems in terms of the particle number size distribution (p < 0.0001), with the highest concentration in Group B and lowest in Group C, in both fine and ultrafine modes. Significant differences among all groups (p < 0.0001) were also observed for the other two metrics, with the highest concentration of particle mass and surface area in Group B and lowest in Group C, in both fine and ultrafine modes. For coarse particles (>1 µm), no significant difference was detected among groups in terms of particle number or mass, but a significantly smaller surface area was found in Group A as compared to Group B (p = 0.02) and Group C (p = 0.005). The 1 first minute of procedures had a higher number concentration compared to the second and third minutes. SEM-EDS analysis showed different morphologies for various implant systems. These results can be explained by the differences in the chemical composition and microstructures of the different dental implants. Group B is softer than Groups A and C due to the laser treatment in the neck producing an increase of the grain size. The hardest implants were those of Group C due to the cold-strained titanium alloy, and consequently they displayed lower release than Groups A and B. Implantoplasty was associated with debris particle release, with the majority of particles at nanometric dimensions. BioHorizons implants released more particles compared to Straumann and Zimmer. Due to the widespread use of implantoplasty, it is of key importance to understand the characteristics of the generated debris. This is the first study to detect, quantify and analyze the debris/particles released from dental implants during implantoplasty including the full range of particle sizes, including both micro- and nano-scales.

scholarly journals Analysis of Electronic Apex Locators in Human Teeth Diagnosed With Apical Periodontitis

2019 ◽  
Vol 30 (6) ◽  
pp. 550-554
Author(s):  
Norberto J Broon ◽  
Claudia Azucena Palafox-Sánchez ◽  
Carlos Estrela ◽  
Diana Celeste Salazar Camarena ◽  
Mario Uribe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscope ◽  
Root Canal ◽  
Apical Periodontitis ◽  
The Other ◽  
Root Canal Treatment ◽  
Human Teeth ◽  
Working Length ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Scanning Electron

Abstract Electronic apex locators (EAL) have been used to establish the working length (WL) in root canal treatment. In teeth diagnosed with apical periodontitis, resorption of tooth apical structures can lead to difficulties to obtain an appropriate WL. The aim was to compare the capacity of three EAL’s (Root ZX II, Raypex 6 and Endo-Eze Quill) to locate the tip of the K-file between 0 to -0.5 mm from the apical foramen (AF) on teeth diagnosed with asymptomatic apical periodontitis (AAP). Electronic working length was performed on 60 roots with AAP. A K-file #15 was inserted in the root canal until the apical foramen (AF) was located, and followed was re-adjusted to -0.5 mm through observation in EAL display. The K-file was fixed to the tooth with composite and teeth were extracted. The 4 apical millimeters were worn out until the K-file could be seen and were prepared and measured its distance to AF in a scanning electron microscope. Appropriate WL was when the tip of the K-file was located between 0 to -0.5 mm from AF. Results: Root ZX II showed significant difference (p<0.01) with the other two EALs. Root ZX II presented the better performance than Raypex 6 or Endo-Eze Quill in teeth with AAP.

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