scholarly journals Can Intelligence Overcome the Effect of Individualism on Economic Development of Regions?

2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 116
Author(s):  
Tian Zengrui ◽  
Guillermo Andres Buitrago ◽  
Husam Wahdan
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Latin America ◽  
Human Development ◽  
Gdp Per Capita ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
Positive Effect ◽  
Causal Variables

A clearer understanding of the causal variables of economic development is paramount object of interest for policymakers, researchers and economical analysts. Scholars share the general agreement that economic development is an important tool to alleviate poverty and foster human development. In this study, we explore the role of individualism and intelligence on economic development. These results will show that both individualistic values and national IQs have positive effect on GDP per capita. Moreover, the effect of intelligence appears to be more significant in Latin America.

scholarly journals Tourism policy and territorial imbalances in Spain

2013 ◽  
Vol 22 (22) ◽  
pp. 7-19 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fernando Almeida García
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Regional Distribution ◽  
Gdp Per Capita ◽  
Extensive Review ◽  
National Economic ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
National Economic Development ◽  
Tourism Policy ◽  
Hotel Accommodation

AbstractThis paper aims to analyse Spanish tourism policy and its relation to a series of facts. The research combines an extensive review of the existing studies into the aspects of tourism policy linked to government, geography and economy with an examination of statistical sources. The main issues and findings analysed in this study are highlighted below. Firstly, the evolution of tourism policy of Spain in the last 60 years in relation to the process of national economic development is analysed. Secondly, a limited role of tourism on economic and territorial balance as well as changes in the regional distribution in the supply of hotel accommodation is highlighted. Thirdly, territorial changes related to the supply of hotel accommodation and GDP per capita are discussed. Finally, certain topics are suggested for future debate: tourism and imbalance as well as tourism and development.

scholarly journals Determinan Kemiskinan dan Tingkat Kesejahteraan Masyarakat di Provinsi Bali

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 24-36
Author(s):  
Gek Ayu Nina ◽  
Surya Dewi Rustariyuni
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Path Analysis ◽  
Human Development ◽  
Variable Ratio ◽  
Analysis Technique ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Food Expenditure ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
Human Quality ◽  
Positive Effect

Abstrak Paradigma pembangunaan manusia saat ini telah menjadikan manusia sebagai subjek dalam pembangunan ekonomi. Perubahan tersebut akan meningkatkan kualitas manusia, sehingga manusia dapat menjadi modal dalam pembangunan ekonomi yang bertujuan untuk meningkatkan kesejahteraan masyarakat. Kesejahteraan masyarakat sebagai point penting yang ingin dicapai dalam SDGs, dapat diukur melalui IPM. IPM Bali secara nasional pada tahun 2016 IPM bali berada pada kategori menengah yaitu sebesar 73,65 persen, namun setelah dilihat di setiap kabupaten/kotanya ternyata terdapat lima kabupaten yang memiliki rata-rata IPM dibawah rata-rata provinsi. Tujuan penelitian yang hendak dicapai : 1) untuk menganalisis pengaruh gini rasio dan pengeluaran non makanan per kapita terhadap kemiskinan di kabupaten/kota Provinsi Bali; 2) Untuk menganalisis pengaruh gini rasio, pengeluaran non makanan per kapita dan kemiskinan terhadap kesejahteraan masyarakat di kabupaten/kota Provinsi Bali; dan 3) Untuk menganalisis pengaruh gini rasio dan pengeluaran non makanan per kapita melalui kemiskinan terhadap kesejahteraan masyarakat di kabupaten/kota Provinsi Bali. Teknik analisis menggunakan analisis jalur dan hasil penelitian Gini Rasio berpengaruh positif terhadap kemiskinan dan pengeluaran non makanan berpengaruh negatif signifikan terhadap kemiskinan. Hasil pengujian variabel Gini Rasio terhadap kesejahteraan masyarakat, gini rasio tidak berpengaruh, sedangkan pengeluaran non makanan berpengaruh positif dan kemiskinan berpengaruh negatif dan signifikan terhadap kesejahteraan masyarakat. Kata kunci: gini rasio, IPM, kemiskinan   Abstrac                  The paradigm of human development has made humans as subjects in economic development. These changes will improve human quality, so that humans can become capital in economic development that aims to improve people's welfare. Community welfare as an important point to be achieved in the SDGs, can be measured through HDI. National HDI Bali in 2016 Bali HDI is in the middle category, which is equal to 73.65 percent, but after being seen in each regency / city it turns out there are five districts which have an average HDI below the provincial average. The objectives of the study were to be achieved: 1) to analyze the influence of the gini ratio and non-food expenditure per capita on poverty in the regency / city of Bali Province; 2) To analyze the influence of the gini ratio, non-food expenditure per capita and poverty on the welfare of the community in the regency / city of Bali Province; and 3) To analyze the influence of the gini ratio and non-food expenditure per capita through poverty on the welfare of the community in the regency / city of the Province of Bali. The analysis technique uses path analysis and Gini research results. Ratio has a positive effect on poverty and non-food expenditure has a significant negative effect on poverty. The results of testing the Gini variable ratio on community welfare, the gini ratio has no effect, while non-food expenditure has a positive effect and poverty has a negative and significant effect on people's welfare Keywords: gini ratio, HDI, poverty

scholarly journals Has Albania's Economic Development Stalled? Investigating the Role of Institutional Factors in Albania's Economic Performance

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 114
Author(s):  
Myslym Osmani ◽  
Kledi Kodra ◽  
Drini Salko
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Economic Development ◽  
Rule Of Law ◽  
Economic Performance ◽  
Institutional Factors ◽  
Gdp Per Capita ◽  
Relative Growth ◽  
The Rule Of Law ◽  
Per Capita

This study focuses on the institutional factors of Albania's economic development, from a comparative, dynamic, and regional European perspective. We use longitudinal data for the years 2002, 2014, and 2019 and a small selection of 13 countries in the region and some EU member states. Descriptive statistics, graphical representation, and econometric modeling are used for data analysis. The purpose of the study is to discuss, in real and comparative terms with the region and beyond, the economic growth of Albania based on the GDP per capita indicator, as well as to identify and evaluate dynamically the role of institutions in the country's development through important institutional factors, such as the effectiveness of government, rule of law, corruption, etc. The analysis shows that Albania's economic performance is weakover the last two decades. This is reflected in the insufficient relative growth of GDP per capita, the small increase in per capita income, and especially in the low increase in income for every 1% of relative growth. In these indicators, Albania continues to be consistently in the lowest positions in the region and beyond. The study highlights the strong link between economic growth and the effectiveness of government, the rule of law, and weak control over corruption. Improving corruption control by one unit in the range (-2.5 to 2.5) is expected to improve GDP per capita by an average of about 2.2 times. Improving the rule of law by one point is expected to improve GDP per capita on average by about 2.4 times. The country's sluggish economic performance is mainly attributed to weak institutions.   Received: 4 March 2021 / Accepted: 6 May 2021 / Published: 8 July 2021

SOCIO-ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT OF CHINA AT THE PRESENT STAGE

2019 ◽  
pp. 25-32
Author(s):  
Wang Xizhe ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Human Development ◽  
External Factor ◽  
Chinese Economy ◽  
Present Stage ◽  
Predominant Role ◽  
Social And Economic Development ◽  
Socio Economic Development ◽  
Per Capita

The article presents an analysis of the dynamics of social and economic development of China in 2009–2018. the Author justifies the factors of growth of the Chinese economy and the remaining problems. It shows the dynamics of GDP and per capita income, which in the XXI century is higher than the global average. The author comes to the conclusion about the predominant role of human development in China for the formation and preservation of high rates of socio-economic dynamics. The article substantiates the role of the external factor as having a fundamental character.

scholarly journals The Importance Of Human Capital For The Economic Development Of EU Regions

2017 ◽  
Vol 19 (5) ◽  
pp. 63-79 ◽  
Author(s):  
Iwona Laskowska ◽  
Barbara Dańska-Borsiak
Keyword(s):  
Human Capital ◽  
Economic Development ◽  
Western Europe ◽  
Gdp Per Capita ◽  
Spatial Dependencies ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Positive Effect ◽  
The Eu

The EU designs its cohesion policy with the primary purpose of reducing disparities in regional development. The success of the policy is largely determined by the identification of factors that contribute to such disparities. One of the key determinants of economic success is human capital. This article examines the relationship between the quality of human capital and economic development of EU’s regions. Using spatial analysis methods, the spatial dependencies between the growth of human capital and GDP per capita are investigated. According to the research results, the highest levels of human capital are typical of the most affluent regions in Western Europe, while its lowest levels are found in the poorest countries that became EU members only recently and in countries in southern Europe, including Greece. The spatial correlation measures confirm that spatial relationships have effect on the regional resources of human capital, showing that regions rich in human capital border on regions that are similar to them in that respect. The results of the spatial growth regression indicate that the amount of human capital in the region has a significant and positive effect on its GDP per capita.

scholarly journals COVID-19 DEATH TOLL: THE ROLE OF THE NATION'S ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gabriel Chodcik ◽  
Clara Weil
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Case Fatality ◽  
Incidence Rates ◽  
System Capacity ◽  
Gdp Per Capita ◽  
Linear Modeling ◽  
Current Crisis ◽  
Death Toll ◽  
Per Capita

Background: Several months into the novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic, there is a limited understanding of the underlying country-specific factors associated with COVID-19 spread and mortality. This study aims to investigate the role of nations' economic development in the death toll associated with COVID-19 in Europe and Israel. Methods: Number of COVID-19 cases, deaths per million, and case fatality rate (CFR) in Israel and 39 countries in Europe were described across quintiles of gross domestic product (GDP) per capita. The association between GDP per capita and COVID-19 incidence, mortality, and CFR was investigated using generalized linear modeling adjusting for the proportion of elderly and density of the population. Results: In countries belonging to the three lower GDP quintiles, COVID-19 incidence rates per million (range 708-1134) were substantially lower compared to countries in the fourth (3939) and fifth (3476) quintiles. Major differences were also calculated in COVID-19 mortality rates per million (25-31 vs. 222-268). There was no significant (p=0.19) differences in CFR between GDP quintiles (range: 2.79-7.62%). Conclusions: COVID-19 had a greater toll in more developed nations. Though comparisons are limited by differences in testing, reporting and lockdown policies, this association likely reflects increased spread from trade and tourism in wealthier countries, whereas limited health system capacity and lack of treatment and vaccination options contributed to higher than expected CFR in wealthier countries. This unique situation will probably encourage the stronger economies to invest the required financial capacity to respond to and recover from the current crisis.

scholarly journals Education and Economic Growth of the Western Balkans Countries

ECONOMICS ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 27-35
Author(s):  
Ognjen Erić
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Economic Growth ◽  
Economic Development ◽  
Educational System ◽  
Education System ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Gdp Per Capita ◽  
Western Balkans ◽  
Per Capita

Summary Numerous theoretical and empiric studies investigate the correlation between education and human capital and economic development. Full affirmation of knowledge and the role of education in stimulating economic growth were provided by endogenous theory. The subject of this paper is to analyse the correlation between education and educational system and the economic growth of the Western Balkans countries (WB). The hypothesis of this work says that: education and educational system in the WB affect the growth of GDP per capita. A better education system stimulates and accelerates the economic growth and development. The aim of this research is to prove that an optimal education system stimulates the growth and development in each observed national economy. In this paper, the results of the correlation analysis indicate high compliance of higher education with GDP per capita i.e. higher education population is particularly important for the level of development whereas there is a highly compliant but inverse relation of the population with informal level of education and economic development in the WB countries.

scholarly journals THE ROLE OF AGRICULTURE IN THE NATIONAL ECONOMY OF CHINA AND INDIA – A LONGTERM ANALYSIS

2019 ◽  
Vol XXI (3) ◽  
pp. 432-440
Author(s):  
Kinga Smolińska
Keyword(s):  
Economic Transition ◽  
Developing Economies ◽  
Downward Trend ◽  
Gdp Per Capita ◽  
Gdp Growth ◽  
Significant Group ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
Positive Effect ◽  
India And China

The purpose of the article is to determine the position of agriculture in the economy of India and China and verify the extent to which the downward trend in agriculture is noticeable in these countries over 25 years (1990-2015). Developing countries represent a significant group among all countries in the world. India and China are especially important in this context for they are the biggest world developing economies which have made huge progress in the field of social and economic transition since the beginning of the 90s. Based on collected material, models of regression were developed, showing dependencies between the dependent variable (GDP per capita) and significant independent variables, including the contribution of agriculture to GDP. It results, from the conducted analyses, that the greatest positive effect on GDP per capita is exerted by an influx and outflow of foreign direct investment and share of services in GDP. With progressing economic growth, a marked downward trend is also evident for the share of agriculture in the generation of GDP. Nevertheless, the rate and scale of this phenomenon varies greatly in the investigated countries. In the case of China, stable per capita GDP growth can be observed with around a 10% share of agriculture in GDP, while, in the case of India, a 20% share. This may mean that such a share of agriculture is already weakening GDP growth to a small extent, which is more dependent on this level than on other factors.

scholarly journals The ability of trust to influence GDP per capita

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 302-314
Author(s):  
Dmytro Zakharov ◽  
Svitlana Bezruchuk ◽  
Viktoriia Poplavska ◽  
Svitlana Laichuk ◽  
Hanna Khomenko
Keyword(s):  
Social Capital ◽  
Economic Development ◽  
Gdp Per Capita ◽  
Coefficient Of Determination ◽  
World Values Survey ◽  
Trust Level ◽  
Average Change ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
The Relationship

The article explores social capital and its impact on economic development. This paper aims to analyze the role of trust in the process of growth and economic development. The interdependence of GDP per capita and trust level as an element of social capital has been analyzed. The correlation between trust and GDP per capita in 43 countries has been reflected. World Values Survey (WVS) was used to obtain empirical trust data. To determine the relationship between confidence level and GDP per capita, the correlation model was built. The regression coefficient b = 0.834 shows the average change in the effective indicator. Thus, with an increase of 1 unit of trust, GDP per capita rises by an average of 0.834. The coefficient of determination indicates that 60.68% of cases of changes in trust lead to a change in GDP per capita. The result suggests that trust serves as a tool in assisting the economic growth and company’s value. The study examines the tools that help to build trust, as economic development as a whole depends on it.

Culture, corruption and economic development: The case of emerging economies

2021 ◽  
Vol 71 (1) ◽  
pp. 99-116
Author(s):  
Tatjana Horvat ◽  
Philipp Mayrleitner ◽  
Romana Korez Vide ◽  
Vito Bobek
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Human Development ◽  
Emerging Economies ◽  
Human Development Index ◽  
Cultural Dimensions ◽  
Gdp Per Capita ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
Corruption Perception ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
Cultural Traits

AbstractThis paper aims to examine specific cultural attributes which may be favourable to economic development or restrictive to corruptive behaviour. The indicators of GDP growth and GDP per capita, the Human Development Index (HDI), Hofstede's cultural dimensions and the Corruption Perception Index (CPI) were used within a two staged analysis on the sample of selected emerging economies between 1995–2015. The findings of the research outline the complexity of this topic and numerous interrelations among the involved variables. The paper emphasises the importance of understanding the cultural traits of societies and the motives for corruption, to be able to take appropriate measures to promote economic and human development and to combat corruption. Future studies could assess differences within cultural clusters of the emerging economies to allow further insights on a comparative level, increasing the possibility to find answers why different regions develop faster than others.

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