scholarly journals Sharia Screening Methodology: Does Its Non-Unification Affect Its Implementation?

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 59
Author(s):  
Nawal Hussein Abbas Elhussein ◽  
Salah AbdAlla Abd Elmahmoud
Keyword(s):  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
Corporate Sector ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Screening Criteria ◽  
External Auditors ◽  
Confirmatory Factor ◽  
Structured Questionnaire

This paper attempts to empirically assess the possibility of applying Sharia screening criteria in the Sudanese corporate sector and investigate the possibility of extending the external Auditors’ role to include reporting on Sharia compliance of corporate activities. The hypotheses of the study revolved around identifying whether the Sudanese stakeholders accept the application of the Screening Criteria as part of the compliance methodologies to cater for companies with mixed activities, whether the Sudanese stakeholders consider available Screening Criteria as effective and robust in the control of Sharia impermissible economic activities, and whether expanding the responsibilities of external auditors to include Sharia screening compliance will increase the creditability of financial information and hence attracting more investors. The paper employs a cross-sectional survey research design and depends mainly on primary data, which is collected through a structured questionnaire. To examine the accuracy of the data and conduct the analysis a number of statistical methods including the Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin (KMO), Bartlett’s Test of Sphericity, Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA), and Structural Estimation Modeling (SEM) are employed. The analysis supports the hypotheses set by the study and reveals the readiness of Sudanese stakeholders to accept applying the Sharia screening Criteria and their belief in the notion that the present screening criteria are effective in controlling Sharia impermissible economic activities and the ability of external auditors to identify and report on their customers’ compliance with screening criteria.

scholarly journals Development and Validation of a Chinese Parental Health Literacy Questionnaire for Caregivers of Children from 0 to 3 Years Old

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yan Zhang ◽  
Mu Li ◽  
Hong Jiang ◽  
Huijing Shi ◽  
Biao Xu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Health Literacy ◽  
Confirmatory Factor Analysis ◽  
Internal Consistency ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Parental Health ◽  
Health Literacy Questionnaire ◽  
Confirmatory Factor ◽  
Test Retest Reliability

Abstract Background Given the limited information on parental health literacy measurements, the study aimed to develop and validate the Chinese Parental Health Literacy Questionnaire for caregivers of children under three years old. Methods We conducted a validity and reliability study through a cross-sectional survey and test-retest analysis respectively between March and April 2017. 807 caregivers of children under three years old were recruited, among which 101 caregivers completed the test-retest assessment with two weeks interval. The reliability was determined by internal consistency, spilt-half reliability and test-retest reliability. The construct validity was assessed by confirmatory factor analysis. Results The 39-question Chinese Parental Health Literacy Questionnaire was shown with high internal consistency (Cronbach’s α=0.89), spilt-half reliability (Spearman-Brown coefficient=0.92) and test-retest reliability (Pearson correlation coefficient=0.82). The confirmatory factor analysis showed that the construct of the questionnaire fitted well with the hypothetical model. The participants’ test scores of the Chinese Parental Health Literacy Questionnaire in a cross-sectional survey were positively associated with caregivers being mothers, more educated, of children with Shanghai Hukou, having only one child in the family, having higher family income. Conclusion The Chinese Parental Health Literacy Questionnaire demonstrated good reliability and validity, which could potentially be used as an effective evaluation instrument to assess parental health literacy.

scholarly journals Effect of Promotional Mix on the Marketing of Insurance Services

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 125-134
Author(s):  
Joseph A. Anyadighibe ◽  
Aniebiet Etuk ◽  
Edim Eka James ◽  
Rose Stephen
Keyword(s):  
Public Relations ◽  
Direct Marketing ◽  
Personal Selling ◽  
Insurance Companies ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
The Social ◽  
Structured Questionnaire

This study was on the effect of promotional mix on the marketing of insurance services. It aimed to examine the effects of advertising, personal selling, public relations, and direct marketing on the marketing of insurance services. A cross-sectional survey research design was adopted. Primary data were obtained from 182 employees of four (4) insurance companies using a structured questionnaire. The hypotheses developed for the study were statistically tested using inferential statistics (multiple linear regression) in the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS 23). Consequently, it was found that advertising, personal selling, and direct marketing had significant positive effects on the marketing of insurance services, while public relations had a negative and non-significant effect on the marketing of insurance services. Therefore, the study concluded that the marketing of insurance services could greatly be improved through the implementation of promotional mix strategies such as advertising, personal selling, and direct marketing.

Think Love, Think Peace, Think Harmony: Rethinking on Industrial Tranquility

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 92-110
Author(s):  
Debarun Chakraborty ◽  
Wendrila Biswas
Keyword(s):  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Social Exchange ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Holistic Approach ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Capital Movements ◽  
Descriptive Research ◽  
Confirmatory Factor

In this fragmented industrial world, where there are large capital movements, the varied pattern of global trade, fierce challenges and considerable innovations, the holistic approach in workplaces has become a dream! The subtle aspect of the understanding, initiative, cooperation that flows to industrial harmony is essential in organizations to reduce the risk of relapsing into conflicts and strengthens the foundation of its sustainability. The paper probes into the factors that would create and allow industrial harmony and peace to hold and flourish. This would help employees reinforce each other, obtain mental serenity, create a base for realization of their creative potential and stand firm amidst a myriad of challenges and strained situations. Descriptive research with a cross-sectional survey has been conducted on the employees of the selected manufacturing units of West Bengal. Exploratory factor analysis and confirmatory factor analysis has been performed with structural equation modeling on the proposed research model. The prime findings of the study reveal that organizational trust and infusing a tolerant attitude toward conflict in a firm has been instrumental in instilling a sense of harmony and peace in one’s mind and spirit. Such an ambience would generate a sense of participation, cooperation and would mutually reinforce social exchange.

scholarly journals Validation of the structural coherency of the General Health Questionnaire

2011 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 59-63 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hudson Wander de Carvalho ◽  
Christopher J. Patrick ◽  
Miguel Roberto Jorge ◽  
Sérgio Baxter Andreoli
Keyword(s):  
Factor Analysis ◽  
General Health ◽  
Common Factor ◽  
General Health Questionnaire ◽  
Developmental Study ◽  
Health Questionnaire ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Confirmatory Factor Analyses ◽  
Confirmatory Factor

OBJECTIVE: Investigate the structural coherency of the 60-item version of the General Health Questionnaire via exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses. METHOD: The study design is a cross-sectional survey. A random sample of 146 individuals from the city of Divinópolis-MG volunteered to participate in the present study and responded to the 60-item version of the General Health Questionnaire adapted and validated for use in Brazil. Statistics consisted of exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis. Reliability was estimated using Cronbach's alpha method. RESULTS: Alpha coefficients for all five content scales of the General Health Questionnaire were high (α > 0.8). For four of the five scales, a unifactorial model of constituent items provided a good fit to the data. Items comprising the fifth scale, Psychic Stress, exhibited a two-correlated factor structure. A factor analysis of scores for the five scales yielded strong evidence of coherency, with all scales loading substantially on a single common factor. CONCLUSION: The General Health Questionnaire shows good psychometric coherency as evidenced by high internal consistency and unidimensionality of all but one of its constituent scales, and uniformly high loadings of all scales on a single overarching factor. These results are consistent with prior findings from the General Health Questionnaire developmental study and Brazilian adaptation studies.

scholarly journals Confirmatory Factor Analysis for Testing Validity and Reliability of University Transformation Practices as Perceived by University Staff

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-24
Author(s):  
Farooq Miiro
Keyword(s):  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Confirmatory Factor Analysis ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Measurement Model ◽  
University Staff ◽  
Validity And Reliability ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Confirmatory Factor ◽  
The University

This empirical study was a cross-sectional survey examining the four subdimensions of university transformation among the six universities in the central region of Uganda. Questionnaires were distributed to 820 volunteers randomly chosen from the university staff and the data generated was subjected to a confirmatory factor analysis. The essence was due to the fact that structural equation modelling requires a big number of sample size to measure the validity and reliability of the hypothesized measurement model of university transformation construct.  The findings exhibited that the data was fit and appropriate for predicting the four subdimensions of university transformation construct. In addition, the findings reflected a relationship between the four subdimensions of university transformation construct. Implying that when university transformation practices are put into consideration universities would be able to achieve their strategic development and transformation. The study concluded by exhibiting the foundation on which future studies can base to extend the understanding and emphasis on the four subdimensions used in measuring university transformation.

scholarly journals Development and Validation of a Chinese Parental Health Literacy Questionnaire for Caregivers of Children 0 to 3 Years Old

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yan Zhang ◽  
Mu Li ◽  
Hong Jiang ◽  
Huijing Shi ◽  
Biao Xu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Health Literacy ◽  
Confirmatory Factor Analysis ◽  
Internal Consistency ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Parental Health ◽  
Health Literacy Questionnaire ◽  
Confirmatory Factor ◽  
Test Retest Reliability

Abstract Background Given the limited information on parental health literacy measurements, the study aimed to develop and validate the Chinese Parental Health Literacy Questionnaire for caregivers of children 0 to 3 years old. Methods We conducted a validity and reliability study of the questionnaire through a cross-sectional survey and test-retest analysis respectively between March and April 2017. We recruited 807 caregivers of children 0 to 3 years old, among them 101 caregivers completed the test-retest assessment with two weeks interval. The reliability was determined by internal consistency, spilt-half reliability and test-retest reliability. The construct validity was assessed by confirmatory factor analysis. Results The 39-question Chinese Parental Health Literacy Questionnaire was demonstrated high internal consistency (Cronbach’s α=0.89), spilt-half reliability (Spearman-Brown coefficient=0.92) and test-retest reliability (Pearson correlation coefficient=0.82). The confirmatory factor analysis showed that the construct of the questionnaire fitted well with the hypothetical model. The participants’ test scores of the Chinese Parental Health Literacy Questionnaire in the cross-sectional survey were positively associated with caregivers being mothers, more educated, the children with Shanghai Hukou , having only one child in the family, and higher family income. Conclusion The Chinese Parental Health Literacy Questionnaire demonstrated good reliability and validity, which could potentially be used as an effective evaluation instrument to assess parental health literacy.

scholarly journals Social Marketing and Non-Communicable Diseases Prevention and Risk Behaviour Reduction Among the Youth of Tamale

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Wombeogo M
Keyword(s):  
Social Marketing ◽  
Lifestyle Modification ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Risk Behaviour ◽  
Simple Random Sampling ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Selection Of ◽  
Structured Questionnaire

Objectives: The study aims at ascertaining the contribution of social marketing in the prevention of NCDs towards risk related behaviours reduction among the youth of Tamale. Methods: A quantitative cross-sectional survey was employed in the study. A semi-structured questionnaire was used to collect primary data from the youth of Tamale, selected by convenient sampling. Simple random sampling technique was employed in the selection of respondents. A sample size of 273 was used and data analysed using SPSS version 21. Results: The results revealed that all respondents had heard about NCDs. 72.9% knew exactly what they are; 82.4% of respondents perceived lifestyle modification was possible while 254 (93%) of the respondents see rather challenges. Conclusions: The authors recommend that the Ministry of Health and Ghana Health Service adopt social marketing concept in combating NCDs in Ghana and formulate specific social marketing interventions that will translate increased awareness into behaviour change towards NCDs prevention in Ghana.

scholarly journals Moderating effect of social media on relationship between entrepreneurial networking and performance of youth owned agro-processing SMEs in Kenya

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 41-50
Author(s):  
Beatrrice Ombaka ◽  
Francis K. Kariuki K. Kariuki ◽  
Teresia Kyalo
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Reliability And Validity ◽  
Target Population ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Validity Data ◽  
Improved Performance ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Structured Questionnaire

This paper was anchored on a pragmatic research paradigm. The study used a cross-sectional survey where a self-semi structured questionnaire was administered to collect the primary data from the target population who were youth-owned SMEs. The study was limited to 135 youth-owned enterprises where 357 employees were selected randomly to form the study sample; the key respondents of the study were limited to owner-managers of small and micro enterprises and top management employees. The questionnaires were tested for reliability and validity. Data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics. The study revealed that there is a significant relationship between youth-owned. The study revealed that entrepreneurship networking has a significant effect on the performance of the agro-processing SMEs owned by the youths. However, there is a need for SMEs to further establish networks outside their business circle and seek networks with other bigger firms in the market. The study, therefore, recommends that there is a need for SMEs to invest more in social media marketing and networking of the SMEs for improved performance.

scholarly journals Organisational Transparency and Effectiveness of Deposit Money Banks in Rivers State, Nigeria

2021 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Job Satisfaction ◽  
Complete Information ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Pearson Product Moment Correlation ◽  
Organisational Effectiveness ◽  
Rivers State ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Structured Questionnaire

This study examined the relationship between organisational transparency and organisational effectiveness of deposit money banks in Rivers State. The cross-sectional survey was used. A total of 159 employees from 15 banks were covered in this research. However, a sample size of 114 employees was derived and the primary data was gathered with the use of a well-structured questionnaire. The Pearson product moment correlation was utilized in analysing the data. Based on the analysis of the hypotheses, the result revealed a substantial positive link between the dimensions of organisational transparency (informational transparency and participatory transparency) with the measure of organisational effectiveness (job satisfaction and goal consensus). Thus, it was concluded that when there is upsurge in transparency, it boosts the effectiveness of the organisation. The study recommended that clear, timely and complete information relating to the organisation should be made available to employees and other stakeholders as such will enhance the effectiveness of the organisation. Keywords: Goal Consensus, Informational Transparency, Job Satisfaction, Participatory Transparency

scholarly journals Direct selling strategies and customers loyalty in the Nigerian deposit money banks

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
OKORO Uzochukwu
Keyword(s):  
Internal Consistency ◽  
Design Method ◽  
Internal Consistency Reliability ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Business Success ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Direct Selling ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Selling Strategies ◽  
Structured Questionnaire

Direct Selling has become a veritable part of business success story particularly in the deposit money bank of Nigeria. The main objective of this study is to examine the effect of direct selling strategies on customers loyalty in the Nigerian deposit money banks. Primary data was used for the study. The data were collected through a structured questionnaire. The study adopted the cross-sectional survey research design method. The population of the study was 812 employees from selected deposit money banks (Zenith Bank, GTBank, UBA, First Bank and Fidelity Bank) in Delta State. A total number of 260 respondents were selected as the sample size. To validate the instrument, face and content validity were adopted. To verify the reliability of the research constructs, the internal consistency analysis and item-to-total correlation was applied to identify the internal consistency reliability of the constructs. Descriptive statistics were used to analyze the responses of the respondent background profile and also to reveal the pattern of responses from each of the constructs in the sub-scale. Multiple regression analysis was adopted to analyze the effect of the variables of direct selling strategies on customers loyalty.

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