scholarly journals Direct selling strategies and customers loyalty in the Nigerian deposit money banks

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
OKORO Uzochukwu
Keyword(s):  
Internal Consistency ◽  
Design Method ◽  
Internal Consistency Reliability ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Business Success ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Direct Selling ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Selling Strategies ◽  
Structured Questionnaire

Direct Selling has become a veritable part of business success story particularly in the deposit money bank of Nigeria. The main objective of this study is to examine the effect of direct selling strategies on customers loyalty in the Nigerian deposit money banks. Primary data was used for the study. The data were collected through a structured questionnaire. The study adopted the cross-sectional survey research design method. The population of the study was 812 employees from selected deposit money banks (Zenith Bank, GTBank, UBA, First Bank and Fidelity Bank) in Delta State. A total number of 260 respondents were selected as the sample size. To validate the instrument, face and content validity were adopted. To verify the reliability of the research constructs, the internal consistency analysis and item-to-total correlation was applied to identify the internal consistency reliability of the constructs. Descriptive statistics were used to analyze the responses of the respondent background profile and also to reveal the pattern of responses from each of the constructs in the sub-scale. Multiple regression analysis was adopted to analyze the effect of the variables of direct selling strategies on customers loyalty.

scholarly journals Reliability and Validity of the Malay Mindful Eating Questionnaire (MEQ-M) among Overweight and Obese Adults

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 1021
Author(s):  
Siti Munirah Abdul Basir ◽  
Zahara Abdul Manaf ◽  
Mahadir Ahmad ◽  
Nor Ba’yah Abdul Kadir ◽  
Wan Nur Khairunnisa Ismail ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Psychometric Properties ◽  
Internal Consistency ◽  
Eating Habits ◽  
Intraclass Correlation ◽  
Reliability And Validity ◽  
Internal Consistency Reliability ◽  
Mindful Eating ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Obese Adults ◽  
Cross Sectional

The Mindful Eating Questionnaire is a reliable tool for the assessment of mindful eating behavior among the general population. This study aimed to determine the reliability and validity of The Malay Mindful Eating Questionnaire (MEQ-M) in a sample of overweight and obese adults. This is a cross-sectional survey which involved 144 overweight and obese adults in a selected public university. After linguistic validation of the Malay version of the MEQ, exploratory factor analysis (EFA) with varimax rotation was performed on the scale constructs. The psychometric properties of the MEQ were assessed through Cronbach’s alpha and intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) analysis. The EFA of the MEQ produced a seven-dimensional model (58.8% of overall variances). The concurrent validity analysis between total MEQ scores and total Mindfulness Attention Awareness Scale (MAAS) scores indicated a weak non-significant correlation (p = 0.679). The internal consistency reliability of the MEQ was reasonable (Cronbach’s α = 0.64). The agreement stability of the MEQ over eight weeks was poor (ICC = 0.10). In conclusion, the psychometric properties of the Malay-translated MEQ are acceptable through construct validity and internal consistency reliability tests. This instrument may be used for assessing mindful eating habits in the Malaysian population, especially among overweight and obese adults.

scholarly journals Sharia Screening Methodology: Does Its Non-Unification Affect Its Implementation?

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 59
Author(s):  
Nawal Hussein Abbas Elhussein ◽  
Salah AbdAlla Abd Elmahmoud
Keyword(s):  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
Corporate Sector ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Screening Criteria ◽  
External Auditors ◽  
Confirmatory Factor ◽  
Structured Questionnaire

This paper attempts to empirically assess the possibility of applying Sharia screening criteria in the Sudanese corporate sector and investigate the possibility of extending the external Auditors’ role to include reporting on Sharia compliance of corporate activities. The hypotheses of the study revolved around identifying whether the Sudanese stakeholders accept the application of the Screening Criteria as part of the compliance methodologies to cater for companies with mixed activities, whether the Sudanese stakeholders consider available Screening Criteria as effective and robust in the control of Sharia impermissible economic activities, and whether expanding the responsibilities of external auditors to include Sharia screening compliance will increase the creditability of financial information and hence attracting more investors. The paper employs a cross-sectional survey research design and depends mainly on primary data, which is collected through a structured questionnaire. To examine the accuracy of the data and conduct the analysis a number of statistical methods including the Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin (KMO), Bartlett’s Test of Sphericity, Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA), and Structural Estimation Modeling (SEM) are employed. The analysis supports the hypotheses set by the study and reveals the readiness of Sudanese stakeholders to accept applying the Sharia screening Criteria and their belief in the notion that the present screening criteria are effective in controlling Sharia impermissible economic activities and the ability of external auditors to identify and report on their customers’ compliance with screening criteria.

scholarly journals Effect of Promotional Mix on the Marketing of Insurance Services

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 125-134
Author(s):  
Joseph A. Anyadighibe ◽  
Aniebiet Etuk ◽  
Edim Eka James ◽  
Rose Stephen
Keyword(s):  
Public Relations ◽  
Direct Marketing ◽  
Personal Selling ◽  
Insurance Companies ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
The Social ◽  
Structured Questionnaire

This study was on the effect of promotional mix on the marketing of insurance services. It aimed to examine the effects of advertising, personal selling, public relations, and direct marketing on the marketing of insurance services. A cross-sectional survey research design was adopted. Primary data were obtained from 182 employees of four (4) insurance companies using a structured questionnaire. The hypotheses developed for the study were statistically tested using inferential statistics (multiple linear regression) in the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS 23). Consequently, it was found that advertising, personal selling, and direct marketing had significant positive effects on the marketing of insurance services, while public relations had a negative and non-significant effect on the marketing of insurance services. Therefore, the study concluded that the marketing of insurance services could greatly be improved through the implementation of promotional mix strategies such as advertising, personal selling, and direct marketing.

Development and psychometric testing of a patient-reported inventory to measure patient-centred care in dietetic practice

2019 ◽  
Vol 25 (6) ◽  
pp. 547
Author(s):  
Ishtar Sladdin ◽  
Wendy Chaboyer ◽  
Lauren Ball ◽  
Brigid M. Gillespie
Keyword(s):  
Internal Consistency ◽  
Psychometric Testing ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Internal Consistency Reliability ◽  
Practice Research ◽  
Validity And Reliability ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Patient Centred Care ◽  
Patient Reported

To develop and psychometrically test a conceptually grounded patient-reported inventory to measure patient-centred care (PCC) in dietetics. Development of the inventory involved conducting a literature search and selecting previously validated scales to reflect the conceptual model of PCC that was developed by the research team. Next, a cross-sectional survey of patients attending individual consultations with Accredited Practicing Dietitians working in primary care was undertaken. To evaluate the factor structure of the inventory, exploratory factor analysis was performed using principal component analysis. Cronbach’s α, inter-item correlations and corrected-item total correlations were computed to test the internal consistency reliability. A total of 133 patients completed the survey. Five factors were extracted, accounting for 78.4% of the variance. All items demonstrated significant loadings (i.e. ≥0.45) and most items had significant loadings on only one factor. High Cronbach’s α values (ranging 0.87–0.97), inter-item correlations (0.46–0.89) and corrected item-total correlations (0.61–0.90) indicated good internal consistency of the inventory, but also potential item redundancy. This study provides the first patient-reported measure of PCC in dietetic practice, which has promising preliminary validity and reliability. With further testing, there is potential for this inventory to be used in future dietetic practice, research and education.

scholarly journals Social Marketing and Non-Communicable Diseases Prevention and Risk Behaviour Reduction Among the Youth of Tamale

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Wombeogo M
Keyword(s):  
Social Marketing ◽  
Lifestyle Modification ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Risk Behaviour ◽  
Simple Random Sampling ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Selection Of ◽  
Structured Questionnaire

Objectives: The study aims at ascertaining the contribution of social marketing in the prevention of NCDs towards risk related behaviours reduction among the youth of Tamale. Methods: A quantitative cross-sectional survey was employed in the study. A semi-structured questionnaire was used to collect primary data from the youth of Tamale, selected by convenient sampling. Simple random sampling technique was employed in the selection of respondents. A sample size of 273 was used and data analysed using SPSS version 21. Results: The results revealed that all respondents had heard about NCDs. 72.9% knew exactly what they are; 82.4% of respondents perceived lifestyle modification was possible while 254 (93%) of the respondents see rather challenges. Conclusions: The authors recommend that the Ministry of Health and Ghana Health Service adopt social marketing concept in combating NCDs in Ghana and formulate specific social marketing interventions that will translate increased awareness into behaviour change towards NCDs prevention in Ghana.

scholarly journals Moderating effect of social media on relationship between entrepreneurial networking and performance of youth owned agro-processing SMEs in Kenya

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 41-50
Author(s):  
Beatrrice Ombaka ◽  
Francis K. Kariuki K. Kariuki ◽  
Teresia Kyalo
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Reliability And Validity ◽  
Target Population ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Validity Data ◽  
Improved Performance ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Structured Questionnaire

This paper was anchored on a pragmatic research paradigm. The study used a cross-sectional survey where a self-semi structured questionnaire was administered to collect the primary data from the target population who were youth-owned SMEs. The study was limited to 135 youth-owned enterprises where 357 employees were selected randomly to form the study sample; the key respondents of the study were limited to owner-managers of small and micro enterprises and top management employees. The questionnaires were tested for reliability and validity. Data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics. The study revealed that there is a significant relationship between youth-owned. The study revealed that entrepreneurship networking has a significant effect on the performance of the agro-processing SMEs owned by the youths. However, there is a need for SMEs to further establish networks outside their business circle and seek networks with other bigger firms in the market. The study, therefore, recommends that there is a need for SMEs to invest more in social media marketing and networking of the SMEs for improved performance.

scholarly journals Organisational Transparency and Effectiveness of Deposit Money Banks in Rivers State, Nigeria

2021 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Job Satisfaction ◽  
Complete Information ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Pearson Product Moment Correlation ◽  
Organisational Effectiveness ◽  
Rivers State ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Structured Questionnaire

This study examined the relationship between organisational transparency and organisational effectiveness of deposit money banks in Rivers State. The cross-sectional survey was used. A total of 159 employees from 15 banks were covered in this research. However, a sample size of 114 employees was derived and the primary data was gathered with the use of a well-structured questionnaire. The Pearson product moment correlation was utilized in analysing the data. Based on the analysis of the hypotheses, the result revealed a substantial positive link between the dimensions of organisational transparency (informational transparency and participatory transparency) with the measure of organisational effectiveness (job satisfaction and goal consensus). Thus, it was concluded that when there is upsurge in transparency, it boosts the effectiveness of the organisation. The study recommended that clear, timely and complete information relating to the organisation should be made available to employees and other stakeholders as such will enhance the effectiveness of the organisation. Keywords: Goal Consensus, Informational Transparency, Job Satisfaction, Participatory Transparency

INFLUENCE OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCANNING ON PERFORMANCE OF MATATU SAVINGS AND CREDIT COOPERATIVES IN KENYA

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 32
Author(s):  
Robert Okwoyo Mang’ana ◽  
Dr. Gladys Rotich ◽  
Dr. Gamaliel Hassan ◽  
Prof. George Orwa
Keyword(s):  
Target Population ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Environmental Scanning ◽  
Validity And Reliability ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Credit Cooperatives ◽  
The Government ◽  
Structured Questionnaire

Purpose: This study aimed at determining the influence of environmental scanning on performance of Matatu Savings and Credit Cooperatives in Kenya.Materials and methods: This study adopted cross-sectional survey research design. The target population for this study was all Matatu Saccos in Kenya. The questionnaire was pilot tested to determine its validity and reliability. The study used primary data gathered from Matatu savings and credit co-operatives from the Ministry of Industrialization and Enterprise Development. Primary data was obtained through use of structured and semi structured questionnaire. A total of 635 Matatu Saccos was selected. Sample size of 245 Matatu Saccos was selected for the study. Quantitative data was analyzed by multiple regressions, Factor analysis, Chi-square and Anova. Qualitative data was analyzed through content analysis to generate thematic topic for discussion in line with research objectiveResults: The results of the analysis indicated that environmental scanning has a positive relationship with performance of Matatu Saccos. The extent of environmental scanning was found to have a 0.113 influence on performance of Matatu Saccos which was relatively low but significant.Recommendations: The government should ensure that Matatu Saccos conduct SWOTanalysis to evaluate internal and external environment which affect performance. In addition Saccos should do strategic plan in line with vision and mission. 

Access of Key Population to Available HIV and TB Services in Nepal: A Cross Section Study

2019 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-23
Author(s):  
B.B. Subba ◽  
N. Rimal ◽  
B.M. Shrestha
Keyword(s):  
Viral Load ◽  
Cross Section ◽  
General Knowledge ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Key Population ◽  
Mdr Tb ◽  
Study Population ◽  
Control And Management ◽  
Structured Questionnaire

Introduction: TB is considered one of the opportunistic infection among PLHIV. The increasing burden of HIV/TB co-infection among key population cause problem to maintain adherence to ART and DOTS services. The emergence of MDR-TB is one of the greatest challenge to control and management of both diseases. However, having knowledge and information of both diseases are important role to access the available HIV/TB services. Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted among key population who had HIV/TB co-infection in two-epidemic zone of Nepal. A pretested semi-structured questionnaire was used to collect data. ANOVA test was done to analyze the collected data by using SPSS version 20.0. Results: A total of 343 HIV/TB co-infected individuals were enrolled to the study. Most of participants were from ART and DOTS clients. Therefore, the study found that there was significance difference found between knowledge about TB (F=4.400, p= 0.005), causative agent of TB (F=3.160, p=0.025), risk of TB illness among PLHIV (F=8.491, p=0.001) and among key affected population. Moreover, there was significance difference found between access to OI treatment (F=5.113, p=0.002) and access to viral load (F=4.642, p=0.003) among key study population. In gender perspective, there was no significance difference to use and access to available HIV/TB services. Conclusion: The general knowledge on HIV/TB co-infection was significant association with key population. The knowledge on HIV/TB and access to NGOs’ help can significant effect to access the available HIV and TB services.

Assessment Instrument of Fiqh Mu'āmalāt Learning with Financial Literacy Oriented

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adib Rifqi Setiawan
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Education ◽  
Survey Research ◽  
Internal Consistency ◽  
Financial Literacy ◽  
Lesson Plan ◽  
Assessment Instrument ◽  
Validity And Reliability ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional

The goal of this cross-sectional survey research was to find the validity and reliability of assessment instrument for fiqh mu'āmalāt learning with financial literacy oriented for secondary education. To reveal validity is assessed based on obtain judgement expert and reliability measured by internal consistency. It was gained that the validity is 7 items very feasible and 5 item quite feasible with reliability’s value is 0,763. This finding shows that assessment instrument can be used to analyze difficulties of students for designing lesson plan of fiqh mu'āmalāt learning with financial literacy oriented.

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