scholarly journals Selectivity of Insecticides Against Telenomus podisi Ashmead (Hymenoptera: Platygastridae) on Corn

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 185 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elidiane Feltrin-Campos ◽  
Marcos Gino Fernandes ◽  
Gabrielle de Lima Masson ◽  
Thaís Araujo Corrêa ◽  
José Fernando Jurca Grigolli
Keyword(s):  
Adverse Effects ◽  
Pest Management ◽  
Human Health ◽  
Control Strategy ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
Biological Trait ◽  
Parasitism Rates ◽  
Lambda Cyhalothrin ◽  
Euschistus Heros ◽  
Telenomus Podisi

Use of synthetic insecticides remains main control strategy for percevejo-marrom (Euschistus heros) in corn. However, indiscriminate use of these products can have adverse effects on the environment and human health. Thus, incorporation of bio-agents like Telenomus podisi a preferred option in corn pest management. Study was conductedto evaluate the effects of insecticides application on T. podisi mortality rates, the number of eggs parasitized by the F0 generation, and number of emergent F1 parasitoids. The insecticides tested were: imidacloprid+bifenthrin, bifenthrin+carbosulfan, thiametoxam+lambda-cyhalothrin, acephate, bifenthrin, and imidacloprid at the highest concentrations indicated for corn. Each insecticide was classified according to its selectivity, based on the methodology proposed by IOBC/WPRS. Only imidacloprid did not affect parasitoid survival however the parasitism rates of F0 females, were affected, classifying this product as slightly harmful for this biological trait. Regarding parasitoid emergence (F1), thiametoxam+lambda-cyhalothrin was classified as moderately harmful, while bifenthrin+carbosulfan and bifenthrin were considered harmful, no parasitism occurred. Thus the evaluated insecticides were classified as slightly harmful to the parasitoid T. podisi under laboratory conditions for the biological characteristics evaluated. Further studies under semi-field and field conditions are needed in order to confirm these toxicity levels on T. podisi.

Understanding Chemicals in Products

2020 ◽  
Vol 42 (3) ◽  
pp. 25-25
Keyword(s):  
Adverse Effects ◽  
Best Practices ◽  
Human Health ◽  
Building Materials ◽  
Global Environment ◽  
Global Environment Facility ◽  
Policy Issues ◽  
Strategic Approach ◽  
Chemicals Management ◽  
Funded Project

Abstract The Strategic Approach to International Chemicals Management (SAICM) has published a policy brief that addresses chemicals of concern in products such as textiles, toys, building materials, and electronics, and efforts to minimize their adverse effects on human health and the environment. The policy brief titled, “Understanding Chemicals in Products,” is a contribution from the Global Environment Facility (GEF)-funded project on “Global Best Practices on Emerging Chemical Policy Issues of Concern under SAICM.”

scholarly journals Special Issue Sources and Composition of Ambient Particulate Matter

Atmosphere ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 462
Author(s):  
Manousos-Ioannis Manousakas
Keyword(s):  
Particulate Matter ◽  
Adverse Effects ◽  
Human Health ◽  
Ambient Particulate Matter ◽  
Special Issue

Research related to ambient particulate matter (PM) remains very relative today due to the adverse effects PM have on human health. [...]

scholarly journals “Predator-In-First”: A Preemptive Biological Control Strategy for Sustainable Management of Pepper Pests in Florida

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (18) ◽  
pp. 7816
Author(s):  
Vivek Kumar ◽  
Lucky Mehra ◽  
Cindy L. McKenzie ◽  
Lance S. Osborne
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Pest Management ◽  
Control Strategy ◽  
Frankliniella Occidentalis ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Control Program ◽  
Field Conditions ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Polyphagotarsonemus Latus ◽  
Consistent Performance

The early establishment of a biocontrol agent in the production system, whether in the greenhouse, nursery, or field, is essential for the success of the biological control program, ensuring growers’ profitability. In an effort to develop a sustainable pest management solution for vegetable growers in Florida, we explored the application of a preemptive biological control strategy, “Predator-In-First” (PIF), in regulating multiple pepper pests, Bemisia tabaci Gennadius, Frankliniella occidentalis Pergande, and Polyphagotarsonemus latus Banks under greenhouse and field conditions during different growing seasons. In these studies, two bell pepper cultivars (7039 and 7141) and the phytoseiid mite Amblyseius swirskii Athias–Henriot were used as a model system. Pepper seedlings (~8 week) of each cultivar were infested with varying rates of A. swirskii (20 or 40 mites/plant or one sachet/10 plant) and allowed to settle on plant hosts for a week before planting in pots or field beds. Results showed a comparative consistent performance of the treatment with the high rate of phytoseiids (40 mites/plant) in regulating B. tabaci and F. occidentalis populations in greenhouse studies, and B. tabaci and P. latus pests under field conditions. During two fall field seasons, higher marketable yields of 12.8% and 20.1% in cultivar 7039, and 24.3% and 39.5% in cultivar 7141 were observed in the treatment with the high rate of phytoseiids compared to the untreated control, indicating yield benefits of the approach. The outcome of the study is encouraging and demonstrates that PIF can be an important tool for organic vegetable growers and a potential alternative to chemical-based conventional pest management strategies. The advantages and limitations of the PIF approach in Florida pepper production are discussed.

scholarly journals Attraction of Telenomus podisi to volatiles induced by Euschistus heros in three different plant species

2016 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 419-428 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aline Moreira Dias ◽  
Martín Pareja ◽  
Maycon Laia ◽  
Maria Carolina Blassioli-Moraes ◽  
Miguel Borges ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Species ◽  
Euschistus Heros ◽  
Telenomus Podisi

COVID-19: Are Experimental Drugs Cure or Ill?

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bensu Karahalil ◽  
Aylin Elkama
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome ◽  
Adverse Effects ◽  
Antiviral Treatment ◽  
Herd Immunity ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
Death Rates ◽  
Experimental Drugs ◽  
Combined Use ◽  
The World

Background: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a new strain of coronavirus. It is characterized by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). It has quickly influenced all over the world since it spreads easily. Common symptoms are fever, cough, difficulty in breathing and muscle aches. Despite the urgent need to find an effective antiviral treatment, already available agents are being used alone or in combination all over the world. At the beginning of the pandemic, death rates of infection caused by COVID-19 are high but "is COVID-19 responsible for all deaths?", or “are there any contributions of the frequently used drugs in this period to these deaths?” Surely herd immunity plays a major role and has the contribution in the decline in mortality rates. Meanwhile, it is kept in mind that due to safety concerns, changes have also been made to the dosage and combined use of frequently used drugs. Objective: In this review, answers to two questions above and the safety of treatments, toxicities of agents involving chloroquine, hydroxychloroquine, remdesivir, favipiravir, lopiravir/ritonavir, sarilumab, tocilizumab, siltuximab, corticosteroids and bromhexine which are the most frequently used in both Turkey and all over the world will be summarized. Conclusion: Among these drugs favipiravir seems the most promising drug due to more tolerable adverse effects. More clinical trials with large sample sizes are needed to find the most effective and safe drug for COVID-19 treatment.

scholarly journals An epidemiological study on alcohol consumption and knowledge of its harmful effects on human health among rural adult population of adopted villages covered under field practice area of a private medical college in Udaipur, Rajasthan

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (11) ◽  
pp. 4874
Author(s):  
Rupesh Kumar ◽  
Rakhi Luthra ◽  
Maitri R. Hathi
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Adverse Effects ◽  
Human Health ◽  
Sleep Disturbances ◽  
Peer Group ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Public Health Issue ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Field Practice ◽  
Harmful Effects

Background: Consumption of alcohol among adults is a serious public health issue worldwide. However the knowledge of adverse effects of alcohol consumption on human health is very negligibly less in small towns and villages of India. Present study was conducted to determine the extent of alcohol intake and the knowledge of its adverse effects on human health among adult population.Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out on randomly selected 400 rural adults from a field practice area of private medical college, Udaipur.Results: Prevalence of alcohol consumption was found to be (47.25%) with (49.36%) males and (39%) females. More than half of drinkers (55.9%) were belonging to 30-39 age group. Country liquor was preferred by (68.88%) and only (17.77%) consume English (IMFL). (56%) of alcohol consumers were drinking alcohol for more than a year. Most of the drinkers (49%) were induced by their friends, (24%) were induced/influenced by their parents. (42.25%) drinkers had knowledge of harmfulness of alcohol drinking; however the awareness per se did not have statistically significant effect for alcohol consumption. Results showed that the knowledge of excessive intake of alcohol can cause harmful effects on human health like Infertility to woman, irregular menstrual cycle, cancer were statistically significant (p<0.05) gender wise, while effects like depression, sleep disturbances, alcoholic hepatises, liver disease, malnutrition were statistically not significant (p>0.05).Conclusions: There is a need to enhance awareness on adverse effects of alcohol and at least bring down consumption level among heavy drinkers through peer group/family/community involvement.

scholarly journals Integrated Pest Management in Wheat No Tillage Soil Technology

2011 ◽  
Vol 68 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dana MALSACHI ◽  
Felicia MUREŞANU ◽  
Adina IVAS ◽  
Ignea MIRCEA ◽  
Tritean NICOLAE ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pest Management ◽  
Biodiversity Conservation ◽  
Control Strategy ◽  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Soil Tillage ◽  
Research Station ◽  
No Tillage ◽  
Cultural Measures ◽  
Ecological Changes ◽  
Tillage System

Elaborated in 2008-2010, at Agricultural Research Station Turda, the paper presents the increasing of main pests abundance and the extension risk of pests attack on the cultural technologies with minimum soil tillage and no tillage system, on the agro-ecological changes in Transylvania. The paper pointed out the importance of adequate new soil conservative technologies of minimum tillage and no tillage system with a special pests control strategy, comprising: efficiency insecticides and application moments, cultural measures, entomophagous and biodiversity conservation and use, environmental protection.

scholarly journals PPARs and Xenobiotic-Induced Adverse Effects: Relevance to Human Health

PPAR Research ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 2010 ◽  
pp. 1-4 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher Lau ◽  
Barbara D. Abbott ◽  
J. Christopher Corton ◽  
Michael L. Cunningham
Keyword(s):  
Adverse Effects ◽  
Human Health

scholarly journals Selectivity of pesticides registered for soybean crop on Telenomus podisi and Trissolcus basalis

2018 ◽  
Vol 48 (1) ◽  
pp. 52-58 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ronaldo Zantedeschi ◽  
Anderson Dionei Grützmacher ◽  
Juliano de Bastos Pazini ◽  
Flávio Amaral Bueno ◽  
Larissa Longaray Machado
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Stink Bug ◽  
Trissolcus Basalis ◽  
Glufosinate Ammonium ◽  
Soybean Crop ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Lambda Cyhalothrin ◽  
Completely Randomized Design ◽  
Telenomus Podisi ◽  
Laboratory Bioassays

ABSTRACT The use of pesticides in the soybean crop may impair the biological control, if the products are not selective to Telenomus podisi and Trissolcus basalis, which are important stink bug egg parasitoids. This study aimed to assess the selectivity of 15 pesticides registered for soybean crop on adults of T. podisi and T. basalis. Three laboratory bioassays were performed, totaling 18 treatments, in a completely randomized design, with four replications. The insecticides (g or mL of a.i.) imidacloprid + beta-cyfluthrin (0.25 + 0.03), deltamethrin (0.06), thiamethoxam + lambda-cyhalothrin (0.27 + 0.35), acephate (1.87) and fenitrothion (1.25) are harmful to both parasitoids species. Flubendiamide (1.20), diflubenzuron (2.00), Bacillus thuringiensis (0.08) and lufenuron (0.12) are innocuous to both parasitoids. The fungicides azoxystrobin + flutriafol (0.31 + 0.31), trifloxystrobin + prothioconazole (0.37 + 0.44), pyraclostrobin + metconazole (0.33 + 0.12) and trifloxystrobin + cyproconazole (0.94 + 0.40) are innocuous to T. podisi, but slightly harmful to T. basalis. The herbicides glufosinate ammonium salt (0.50) and glyphosate isopropylamine salt (1.20) are innocuous to both parasitoids.

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