Genetic Variability of Isolates of Ramulispora sorghi From Cáceres-MT, Brazil

Among the most produced cereals worldwide, sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench), presents low productivity in Brazil, mainly due to the occurrence of diseases, with a prominence of sooty stripe, caused by the fungus Ramulispora sorghi, until then considered a secondary disease, has increased its incidence and severity, especially in conditions of high humidity and temperature. The most efficient means of control is the use of resistant cultivars, in this sense, studies on the genetic variability of the fungus through molecular markers are of great importance for the breeding programs of sorghum. The objective of this work was to evaluate the genetic variability in isolates of Ramulispora sorghi belonging to the mycoteca of the Laboratory of Genetic Resources & Biotechnology of the Universidade do Estado de Mato Grosso, campus of Cáceres, via molecular markers of the ISSR type. The results indicate the existence of genetic variability among the isolates of R. sorghi. The Polymorphic Information Content (PIC) showed that the primers were classified as medium informational with an average value of 0.27. 71 polymorphic fragments were formed considering the 40 isolates of R. sorghi, which presented the value of k = 2, represent the differentiation of the isolates into two distinct clusters. The genetic dissimilarity measures were estimated by the Coefficient of Nei and Li, where the combination between the isolates B107/16 (15) and B103/15 (16) obtained the smallest magnitude (0,12) and the combinations between isolates B111/16 (2) and S114/15 (33), S316/15 (3) and S114/15 (33), B115/16 (4) and S114/15 (33), B118/16 (6) and S114/15 (33) were more dissimilar (1,00). The “UPGMA” method provided a breakdown of the 40 isolates into 4 distinct groups. The Cophenetic Correlaction Coefficient (CCC) presented significant value with r = 0,84. The Tocher’s optimization method allowed the 40 isolates to be distributed in 10 different groups. These results provide relevant information on the genetic variability among the 40 isolates of R. sorghi analyzed. In addition, they indicate that fungus have a wide genetic diversity, and have been recurring in different regions of Brazil and the world, and thus, larger studies become essential for more effective control measures.

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Genetic diversity and population structure of Algerian chickpea (Cicer arietinum) genotypes: use of agro-morphological traits and molecular markers linked or not linked to the gene or QTL of interest

Crop and Pasture Science ◽

10.1071/cp19255 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 71 (2) ◽

pp. 155

Author(s):

Djihad Bellemou ◽

Teresa Millàn ◽

Juan Gil ◽

Aissa Abdelguerfi ◽

Meriem Laouar

Keyword(s):

Genetic Diversity ◽

Molecular Markers ◽

Cicer Arietinum ◽

Morphological Traits ◽

Ascochyta Blight ◽

Principal Component ◽

Breeding Programs ◽

Average Value ◽

Conservation Of Genetic Resources ◽

Resistant Genotypes

Assessment of genetic diversity among chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) germplasm at the morphological and molecular levels is fundamental for chickpea breeding and conservation of genetic resources. Genetic variability of 46 chickpea genotypes including 42 Algerian genotypes and four control varieties was evaluated by using 15 agro-morphological traits. Eleven molecular markers including nine simple sequence repeats, one sequence characterised amplified region (SCY17) and one gene-specific (CaETR4) were used to characterise the 46 genotypes and eight references varieties added for disease resistance or susceptibility. Genotypes resistant to ascochyta blight were identified by the markers SCY17 and CaETR4 present together. High diversity was observed for all measured morphological traits between genotypes. Yield components, plant height, phenological traits and growth habit were the traits most involved in variation among genotypes and were partitioned into four groups by using principal component analysis. All molecular markers were polymorphic. In total, 91 alleles were obtained ranging from 2 to 21 per locus with average of 8.27 alleles per marker. Polymorphism information content ranged from 0.58 to 0.99 with an average value of 0.87. UPGMA clustering and Bayesian-based model structure analysis grouped genotypes into two clusters, but the distribution of the genotypes by cluster was not the same for the two analyses. According to the presence of markers indicating resistance to ascochyta blight (SCY17 and CaETR4), three resistant genotypes (FLIP 82-C92, ILC 6909, ILC 7241) were selected and should be tested in controlled conditions for confirmation. Considering the narrow diversity of cultivated chickpea, the Algerian genotypes can be considered as interesting for future breeding programs.

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Genetic structure and diversity among individuals of Copaifera langsdorffii Desf. from Mato Grosso, Brazilian Amazon, using ISSR markers

Research Society and Development ◽

10.33448/rsd-v10i16.23025 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (16) ◽

pp. e187101623025

Author(s):

Daniele Paula Maltezo ◽

Julliane Dutra Medeiros ◽

Ana Aparecida Bandini Rossi

Keyword(s):

Genetic Diversity ◽

Genetic Structure ◽

Genetic Variability ◽

Polymorphic Information Content ◽

Issr Markers ◽

Group Method ◽

Mato Grosso ◽

Copaifera Langsdorffii ◽

Genetic Structure And Diversity ◽

Issr Primers

The Amazon is the largest tropical forest in the world and is home to around 20% of all the biodiversity on the planet, among the species present in the Amazon is Copaifera langsdorffii, exploited mainly for the extraction of oil-resin and wood, often in ways incorrect, which can cause the loss of genetic variability. The aim of this study was to evaluate the genetic structure and diversity among individuals of C. langsdorffii located in Mato Grosso, Brazil, using ISSR markers. We sampled leaves from 27 adult individuals of C. langsdorffii, whose total genomic DNA was extracted. A total of 12 ISSR primers were used for the molecular characterization of the individuals. A grouping analysis was performed using the unweighted pair group method, Bayesian analysis and characterized by the genetic diversity. The genetic diversity among and within the groups was demonstrated by the AMOVA. As a result, 106 fragments were amplified and 98.11% were polymorphic. The polymorphic information content of each primer ranged from 0.45 to 0.81. The dendrogram showed the formation of 4 distinct groups. The greatest genetic variability is found within the groups and not between them. The percentage of polymorphism, genetic dissimilarity values and genetic diversity indexes indicate that there is high genetic variability among Copaifera langsdorffii individuals, suggesting that ISSR primers were efficient in detecting polymorphism in this species and that the individuals have potential for compose programs aimed at the preservation of the species and the ability to integrate germplasm banks.

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Inbreeding depression and genetic variability in agricultural traits and resistance to phytopathogens in exotic maize populations

Bioscience Journal ◽

10.14393/bj-v36n3a2020-45347 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 36 (3) ◽

Author(s):

Aurilene Santos Oliveira ◽

Edésio Fialho dos Reis ◽

Ana Paula Oliveira Nogueira ◽

Fernando Cezar Juliatti

Keyword(s):

Genetic Variability ◽

Inbreeding Depression ◽

Recurrent Selection ◽

Breeding Programs ◽

Average Value ◽

Maize Populations ◽

Genetic Potential ◽

Deleterious Alleles ◽

Ear Height ◽

Resistance To Phytopathogens

The effect known as depression by inbreeding refers to the reduction on the average value of quantitative traits, related to plant reproduction and physiology, due to the homozygosis of deleterious alleles. This study evaluated the inbreeding depression and the genetic variability of agricultural traits and of the resistance to phytopathogens in inbred families of two exotic maize populations. The experiments were done in the experimental area of the Universidade Federal de Goiás, Regional Jataí, in the second harvest 2015. Fifty and 40 FS1 of NAP5 and NAP7 populations, respectively, were evaluated interplanting one row with a mixture of base population at every ten plots to estimate depression by inbreeding of the traits evaluated. The experimental design was randomized blocks, with three replications. The following traits were evaluated: AP – plant height (cm), AE – ear height (cm), FM – male flowering (days), PQ – number of broken plants, AC – number of lodged plants, PG – kernel production (kg plot-1). The greatest estimates of depression by inbreeding in the agricultural traits were observed for kernel production, with values of 51.2 and 38.9% for the populations NAP5 and NAP7, respectively. Among the traits of resistance to phytopathogens, the greatest estimate was observed for the stunting complex, with values of -58.9% in NAP5 and -74.2% in NAP7. Both populations under study presented genetic potential to be used in breeding programs with recurrent selection and, after some selection cycles, lineages with good agricultural standard and resistance to phytopathogens can be obtained.

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Variability and genetic structure of yellow passion fruit (Passiflora edulis f. flavicarpa Degener) in Colombia using microsatellite DNA markers

Agronomía Colombiana ◽

10.15446/agron.colomb.v35n2.59973 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 35 (2) ◽

pp. 135-149 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

John Ocampo ◽

Natali Acosta-Barón ◽

Javier Hernández-Fernández

Keyword(s):

Genetic Variability ◽

Polymorphic Information Content ◽

Passion Fruit ◽

Hierarchical Level ◽

Breeding Programs ◽

Geographic Structure ◽

Microsatellite Dna Markers ◽

Superior Genotypes ◽

Valle Del Cauca ◽

Yellow Passion Fruit

Colombia is one of the leading producers of yellow passion fruit but the genetic studies based on molecular markers from commercial plantations have not been considered to select interesting market material. The goal of this study was to assess the genetic variability and the population structure of 51 Colombian commercial yellow passion fruit accessions (102 individuals), and to provide the necessary information for prospective selection and breeding programs. Thus, a total of six microsatellites were amplified with 58 alleles identified and an average of 9.66 alleles per locus, including nine private and 31 rare. Diversity indexes showed polymorphic information content values of 0.74 (PIC), an observed (Ho) and expected (He) heterozygosity average of 0.52 and 0.78, respectively. Spatial distribution showed the greatest allelic richness (11 to 14) in most of the Valle del Cauca accessions. The average genetic distance among accessions was 0.68, and the cluster analysis showed three main groups poorly supported (bootstrap <50%), with slight geographical structure and high differentiation between individuals of the same accession. Structure analysis indicated K=4 as the genetic structure's uppermost hierarchical level, while Bayesian clustering showed a division of individuals into four genetically distinct groups. The low geographic structure and high variability of the accessions could be explained by allogamy and seed exchange frequency among farmers. Results issued suggest a complementary agro-morphological assessment to establish total genetic variability and implement a breeding program through assisted selection of superior genotypes in search of more productive and resistant cultivars to phytosanitary problems.

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Genetic diversity and conservation of native populations of Maytenus Ilicifolia Mart. ex Reiss

Brazilian Journal of Biology ◽

10.1590/s1519-69842009000200030 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 69 (2) ◽

pp. 447-453 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

AJ. Mossi ◽

RL. Cansian ◽

O. Leontiev-Orlov ◽

JL. Cechet ◽

AZ. Carvalho ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Genetic Diversity ◽

Molecular Markers ◽

Genetic Variability ◽

Rio Grande ◽

Jaccard Coefficient ◽

Rio Grande Do Sul ◽

Mato Grosso ◽

Native Populations ◽

Maytenus Ilicifolia ◽

Mato Grosso Do Sul

The aim of this work was to analyze genetic variability in 18 populations of Maytenus ilicifolia, and representatives of Maytenus aquifolia and Maytenus evonymoidis, collected in the states of Mato Grosso do Sul, Paraná, Santa Catarina and Rio Grande do Sul, using RAPD molecular markers. Considering total samples of the three species, 263 amplified fragments were identified, of which 72.2% showed to be polymorphous. The index of similarity (Jaccard coefficient) was on average 0.64 between M. ilicifolia and M. aquifolia; 0.47 between M. ilicifolia and M. evonymoidis; and 0.44 between M. aquifolia and M. evonymoidis. The analysis of groupings by the UPGMA algorithm allowed to clearly separate the three analyzed species. In determining the variability in M. ilicifolia, 222 bands were identified, on average 11.1 bands per primer, being 43.2% polymorphous. The index of similarity (Jaccard coefficient) in the bulks of each population in M. ilicifolia was, on average, 0.92 and the index of similarities among the populations was 0.83. The analysis of groupings with the UPGMA algorithm and the analysis of the main coordination (PCO), allowed the separation of the analyzed populations into three groups, the populations from the south of Rio Grande do Sul and the population from Mato Grosso do Sul standing out. A relation between the groupings found and the edaphoclimatic conditions of the collecting places was observed.

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Genetic analysis of species in the Genus Catasetum (ORCHIDACEAE) using RAPD Markers

Brazilian Archives of Biology and Technology ◽

10.1590/s1516-89132010000200017 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 53 (2) ◽

pp. 375-387 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Luciana do Valle Rego Oliveira ◽

Ricardo Tadeu de Faria ◽

Claudete de Fátima Ruas ◽

Paulo Maurício Ruas ◽

Melissa de Oliveira Santos ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Molecular Markers ◽

Genetic Variability ◽

Genetic Analysis ◽

Genetic Relationship ◽

Genetic Similarity ◽

Core Collection ◽

Rapd Markers ◽

Dna Amplification ◽

Breeding Programs

In this work, RAPD molecular markers were used to access the genetic variability and to study the inter and intraespecifc relationship in a group of 37 species, including 56 individuals. A total of 15 RAPD primers were selected for DNA amplification. From a total of 221 bands analyzed, 209 (95%) were polymorphics. The level of interespecifc genetic similarity ranged from 37% between Catasetum complanatum and Catasetum laminatum to 83% between Catasetum triodon and Catasetum uncatum. The intraspecifc genetic similarity varied 88% for the individuals of Catasetum triodon to 93% between the individuals of Catasetum atratum and Catasetum macrocarpum. These results would contribute to understand the genetic relationship in Catasetum, to define the strategies to establish a germplasm core collection for the genus and to provide support for breeding programs.

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Genetic variability of hull-less barley accessions based on molecular and quantitative data

Pesquisa Agropecuária Brasileira ◽

10.1590/s0100-204x2015000200008 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 50 (2) ◽

pp. 160-167 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Ricardo Meneses Sayd ◽

Renato Fernando Amabile ◽

Fabio Gelape Faleiro ◽

Graciele Bellon

Keyword(s):

Molecular Markers ◽

Genetic Variability ◽

Quantitative Data ◽

Quantitative Traits ◽

Agronomic Traits ◽

The Other ◽

Brazilian Cerrado ◽

Breeding Programs ◽

Barley Genotypes ◽

Selection Of

The objective of this work was to characterize and quantify the genetic, molecular, and agronomic variability of hull-less barley genotypes, for the selection of parents and identification of genotypes adapted to the irrigated production system in the Brazilian Cerrado. Eighteen hull-less barley accessions were evaluated, and three covered barley accessions served as reference. The characterization was based on 157 RAPD molecular markers and ten agronomic traits. Genetic distance matrices were obtained based on molecular markers and quantitative traits. Graphic grouping and dispersion analyses were performed. Genetic, molecular, and agronomic variability was high among genotypes. Ethiopian accessions were genetically more similar, and the Brazilian ones were genetically more distant. For agronomic traits, two more consistent groupings were obtained, one with the most two-rowed materials, and the other with six-rowed materials. The more diverging materials were the two-rowed CI 13453, CN Cerrado 5, CN Cerrado 1, and CN Cerrado 2. The PI 356466, CN Cerrado 1, PI 370799, and CI 13453 genotypes show agronomic traits of interest and, as genetically different genotypes, they are indicated for crossing, in breeding programs.

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Assessment of genetic variability of haploids extracted from tetraploid (2n = 4x = 48) Solanum tuberosum

Genome ◽

10.1139/g04-020 ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 47 (4) ◽

pp. 633-638 ◽

Cited By ~ 15

Author(s):

M R Ercolano ◽

D Carputo ◽

J Li ◽

L Monti ◽

A Barone ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Solanum Tuberosum ◽

Genetic Variability ◽

Erwinia Carotovora ◽

Potato Virus X ◽

Aflp Analysis ◽

Seed Parent ◽

Breeding Programs ◽

Genetic Studies ◽

Average Value ◽

Potential Use

The objectives of this study were to assess the genetic variability of haploids (2n = 2x = 24) extracted from tetraploid Solanum tuberosum through 4x × 2x crosses with Solanum phureja. Molecular and phenotypic analyses were performed to fingerprint the genotypes used and to evaluate their potential use in breeding programs. AFLP analysis revealed the presence of specific bands derived from the tetraploid seed parent S. phureja, as well as ex novo originated bands. On average, 210 bands were visualized per genotype, 149 (70%) of which were common to both parental genotypes. The percentage of S. tuberosum specific bands ranged from 25.1% to 18.6%, with an average of 22%. The fraction of genome coming from S. phureja ranged from 1.9% to 6.5%, with an average value of 4%. The percentage of ex novo bands varied from 1.9% to 9.0%. The presence of S. phureja DNA is very interesting because it indicated that S. phureja pollinator is involved in the mechanism of haploid formation. The characterization for resistance to Erwinia carotovora subsp. carotovora and potato virus X (PVX) provided evidence that haploids may express traits that are lacking in the tetraploids they come from, which can be useful for both genetic studies and breeding purposes. It is noteworthy that genotypes combining resistance to both diseases and good pollen stainability were identified. Other possible breeding implications owing to the presence of S. phureja genome in the haploids analyzed are discussed.Key words: AFLP, S. phureja, resistance traits, potato.

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DIVERGÊNCIA GENÉTICA ENTRE GENÓTIPOS DE Mauritia flexuosa L. f. POR MEIO DE MORFOMETRIA DE FRUTOS E SEMENTES

Nativa ◽

10.31413/nativa.v8i4.8622 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 8 (4) ◽

pp. 585-590

Author(s):

Rosimeire Barboza Bispo ◽

Juliana de Freitas Encinas Dardengo ◽

Rosimara Barboza Bispo ◽

Rosieli Barboza Bispo ◽

Ana Aparecida Bandini Rossi

Keyword(s):

Principal Component Analysis ◽

Genetic Variability ◽

Principal Components ◽

Morphological Characteristics ◽

Principal Component ◽

Optimization Method ◽

Mato Grosso ◽

Upgma Dendrogram ◽

Mauritia Flexuosa ◽

Formation Of Groups

O objetivo do estudo foi caracterizar a variabilidade genética entre vinte genótipos de butiris (M. flexuosa L.f.) em vegetação natural nos municípios de Alta Floresta e Carlinda, MT, com base nas características morfológicas dos frutos e sementes, com o método de Otimização de Tocher, UPGMA e Análise de Componentes Principais. Foram amostrados 20 genótipos e avaliadas 8 caracteres morfológicos dos frutos e sementes. Os resultados foram obtidos através de medidas de Dissimilaridade, com o uso do programa GENES. O método de Tocher formou dois grupos, assim como o agrupamento UPGMA com corte a 80%. Com os Componentes Principais houve a formação de três grupos. As três metodologias utilizadas revelaram que existe divergência genética entre os vinte genótipos de buritis avaliados. A divergência evidenciada neste trabalho permite inferir que para melhor representar a diversidade encontrada em M. flexuosa deve-se amostrar indivíduos pertencentes aos três grupos formados pela dispersão gráfica dos componentes principais, já que o dendrograma UPGMA também evidencia essa classificação, assim, pode-se indicar essas árvores para futuras pesquisas de melhoramento e conservação da espécie. Palavras-chave: buriti; marcadores morfológicos; variabilidade genética. GENETIC DIVERGENCE AMONG Mauritia flexuosa L. f. GENOTYPES BASED ON SEED AND FRUIT MORPHOMETRY ABSTRACT: The objective of the study was to characterize the genetic variability among twenty genotypes of M. flexuosa L. f. in natural vegetation in the municipalities of Alta Floresta and Carlinda, Mato Grosso state, Brazil, based on the morphological characteristics of the fruits and seeds, with the Tocher Optimization method, UPGMA and Principal Component Analysis. Twenty genotypes were sampled and eight morphological characteristics of fruits and seeds were evaluated. The results were based on the Dissimilarities Measures methodology, using the GENES program. The Tocher method formed two groups, as well as the UPGMA cluster with 80% cut. The Principal Components formed three groups. All methods used showed agreement on the formation of groups. The divergence presented in this research allows us to infer that in order to better represent the diversity found in M. flexuosa, individuals belonging to the three groups formed by the graphic dispersion of the principal components must be sampled, since the UPGMA dendrogram also shows this classification, so we indicate these trees for future breeding and conservation researches. Keywords: buriti; morphological characteristics; genetic variability.

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Exploring Genetic Variability among and within Hail Tomato Landraces Based on Sequence-Related Amplified Polymorphism Markers

Diversity ◽

10.3390/d13030135 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (3) ◽

pp. 135

Author(s):

Reem H. Alzahib ◽

Hussein M. Migdadi ◽

Abdullah A. Al Ghamdi ◽

Mona S. Alwahibi ◽

Muhammad Afzal ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Genetic Variability ◽

Polymorphic Information Content ◽

Crop Improvement ◽

Discrimination Power ◽

Breeding Programs ◽

Diversity Pattern ◽

Genetic Characteristics ◽

Wide Range ◽

Well Differentiated ◽

Gene Bank Accession

Landraces are valuable sources of genetic characteristics, which are of plant breeders’ interest to include in breeding programs for crop improvement. We assess the inter- and intra-genetic variability among 96 accessions representing three Hail tomato landrace using DNA-based marker sequence-related amplified polymorphism (SRAP). Seven SRAP primer combinations generated 55 alleles with a polymorphism of 100%, and an average of 7.86 polymorphic alleles per pair of primers. All primers showed an average of 0.68 polymorphic information content (PIC) value and discrimination power (DP) of 14.29. Principal coordinate analysis (PCoA) confirmed the clustering produced via the UPGMA similarity dendrogram allowed for the grouping of the 96 accessions according to its gene bank accession numbers and showed relatively good separation between landraces. A similarity value ranged from 0.04 to 1.0 among accessions of Hail 747, 0.05 to 1.0 in Hail 1072, and from 0.16 to 0.92 in Hail 548. These results showed the landraces harbor a wide range of genetic diversity at both inter and intra-variation levels. AMOVA showed that most of the genetic variation was because of differences within populations (87%). Tomato Hail landraces have well-differentiated genetic populations and admixtures, where Hail 747 formed their separate group, and both Hail 548 and Hail 1072 were admixed, and some accessions showed more diversity pattern. We have to take the SRAP technique’s effectiveness in the study of genetic variability among and within landraces into consideration in the tomato-breeding programs through marker-assessed selection.

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