Models for Estimating Reference Evapotranspiration in Different Periods in Rio Verde, Goiás, Brazil

The water management in irrigated agriculture begins determining the need of water for the culture. Therefore, it was intended to evaluate the performance of the models of estimation reference of evapotranspiration (ETo) with regard to the method Penman-Monteith (PM), standard method, for Brazilian Cerrado Region (tropical grassland/savannah). The climate elements were obtained from the conventional weather station of Rio Verde from January/1972 to December/2016. It was compared the performance of the daily average ETo, during the dry, rainy and annual periods, by the PM method with regard to another 26 methods. Through the coefficient of determination, it was verified the methods of Turc (T) and Radiation-Temperature (RT) approached more to the PM, at any time of the year, being able to replace the standard method. The ETo average in the annual period was 3.8 mm day-1, for the dry period due to the smallest amount of solar radiation, the period submitted lower levels of ETo. The other models in which were used fewer amounts of climate data, they overestimated or underestimated the PM model by up to 57.9% and 60.7% respectively. With the management of water in agriculture, water availability can be increased in the hydric bodies, characterizing it as a tool for water management with the rational use of water resources.

Download Full-text

REFERENCE EVAPOTRANSPIRATION THROUGH HARGREAVES METHOD USING THE SOLAR RADIATION ESTIMATION FOR GOIÁS STATE, BRAZIL

Revista Engenharia na Agricultura - REVENG ◽

10.13083/reveng.v29i1.8752 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 28 ◽

pp. 274-292

Author(s):

Caio Vinicius Leite ◽

Derblai Casaroli ◽

Marcelo Rossi Vicente ◽

Raphael Cessa Maia Aveiro ◽

José Alves Júnior

Keyword(s):

Standard Method ◽

Reference Evapotranspiration ◽

Calibration Coefficient ◽

Dry Period ◽

Good Adherence ◽

Rainy Period ◽

Hargreaves Model ◽

Weather Stations ◽

Adjusted Model ◽

Annual Period

This study evaluated the Hargreaves model (HG) with seasonal adjustments of the calibration coefficient (Krs) of the radiation equation to estimate the reference evapotranspiration (ETo) in 23 weather stations in Goiás State, Brazil, in comparison to the Penman-Monteith FAO (PM-FAO) standard method. The models were evaluated using Pearson’s correlation coefficient, Willmott’s agreement index, relative error, absolute mean error and root mean square error. The Krs values ranged from 0.146 to 0.189 ° C-0.5, while ETo PM-FAO ranged from 3.68 to 4.79 mm d-1; ETo HG from 3.99 to 5.16 mm d-1 and ETo HG-Krs from 4.15 to 5.02 mm d-1 in the annual period. Seasonal adjustments resulted in values of 0.144 to 0.205 ° C-0.5 for the dry period, from April to September, and 0.144 to 0.146 ° C-0.5 for the rainy period, from October to March. The first quarter (summer), presented Krs values from 0.150 to 0.175 ° C-0.5; the second quarter (autumn), from 0.154 to 0.218 ° C-0.5; the third quarter (winter), from 0.139 to 0.206 ° C-0.5; and, finally, the fourth quarter (spring) of 0.141 to 0.166 ° C-0.5. Thus, the use of the seasonally adjusted model proved to be viable for the estimation of ETo, in view of the simplicity and its good adherence to the standard method.

Download Full-text

ESTIMATIVA DE EVAPOTRANSPIRAÇÃO DE REFERÊNCIA NA REGIÃO DE RIO PARANAÍBA-MG

Irriga ◽

10.15809/irriga.2015v20n4p790 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 20 (4) ◽

pp. 790-798 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Vinicius Mendes Rodrigues de Oliveira ◽

Geffson De Figueredo Dantas ◽

Luiz Fabiano Palaretti ◽

Alexandre Barcelos Dalri ◽

Miquéias Gomes dos Santos ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Water Depth ◽

Standard Method ◽

Standard Error ◽

Reference Evapotranspiration ◽

Meteorological Station ◽

Empirical Equations ◽

Climate Data ◽

Correlation Index ◽

Accuracy Index ◽

Irrigated Crops

ESTIMATIVA DE EVAPOTRANSPIRAÇÃO DE REFERÊNCIA NA REGIÃO DE RIO PARANAÍBA-MG VINICIUS MENDES RODRIGUES DE OLIVEIRA¹; GEFFSON DE FIGUEREDO DANTAS²; LUIZ FABIANO PALARETTI²; ALEXANDRE BARCELOS DALRI²; MIQUÉIAS GOMES DOS SANTOS² E JOÃO ALBERTO FISCHER FILHO² ¹ Departamento de Engenharia Agrícola, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, MG, [email protected].² Departamento de Engenharia Rural, Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Jaboticabal, SP, [email protected]; [email protected]; [email protected]; [email protected]; [email protected]. 1 RESUMO A lâmina de água a ser aplicada é um fator de extrema importância para o sucesso dos cultivos irrigados. O objetivo foi verificar a correlação dos métodos de estimativa de ETo propostos por Hargreaves e Samani (HS), Camargo (C) e Jensen-Haise (JH), comparados com o método padrão Penman Monteith–FAO (PM-FAO) definindo-se coeficientes de ajuste regional para a região de Rio Paranaíba, MG. Foram utilizados dados climáticos coletados na estação meteorológica localizada em Rio Paranaíba, MG (19°09'47'' S; 46°16'36''O, durante o período de 01 de julho de 2011 à 30 de junho de 2013. Para comparação foi utilizado o índice de desempenho (c), índice de exatidão (d), o erro padrão de estimativa (EPE) e o índice de correlação (r). O método de estimativa de evapotranspiração que apresenta melhor correlação com o método padrão (PM-FAO), é o método de JH, com um R² de 89%. De acordo com os resultados, sugere-se o uso da equação de JH para o cálculo da ETo para a região de Paranaíba, MG, pois esse modelo foi o que apresentou melhor estimativa da evapotranspiração. Com a correção dos dados de evapotranspiração todas as equações analisadas podem ser usadas para a estimativa de evapotranspiração se aproximando do método de PM-FAO. Palavras-chave: Hargreaves e Samani, Jansen-Haise, Penman-Monteith, Equações empíricas. OLIVEIRA, V.M.R.; DANTAS, G.F.; PALARETTI, L.F.; DALRI, A.B.; SANTOS, M.G.; FISCHER FILHO, J.A.ESTIMATE OF REFERENCE EVAPOTRANSPIRATION IN THE RIO PARANAÍBA REGION – MG 2 ABSTRACT The water depth to be applied is a factor of utmost importance for the success of irrigated crops. The objective of this study was to evaluate the correlation of ETo estimate methods proposed by Hargreaves and Samani, Camargo and Jensen-Haise (JH) and the standard PenmanMonteith–FAO (PM-FAO) method, by setting up regional adjustment coefficients for the region of Rio Parnaiba, MG. Climate data collected at the meteorological station in Rio Paranaiba, MG (19°09'47'' S; 46°16'36´´O) were used from July 1, 2011 to June 30, 2013. The performance index (c), accuracy index (d), standard error of estimate (SEE) and correlation index ( r) were used for comparisons. Considering the methods to estimate evapotranspiration, the JH method presented the highest correlation with the standard method (PM-FAO), r2 of 89%. According to the results, the JH equation for ETo calculation in the region of Paranaíba, MG is recommended, as this model presented the best evapotranspiration estimate. Correcting the evapotranspiration data, all study equations may be used to estimate evapotranspiration approaching the PM-FAO method. Keywords: Hargreaves and Samani, Jansen-Haise, Penman-Monteith, empirical equations.

Download Full-text

Assessment of empirical methods for estimation of reference evapotranspiration in the Brazilian Savannah

Australian Journal of Crop Science ◽

10.21475/ajcs.19.13.07.p1569 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 1094-1104

Author(s):

Lucas da Costa Santos ◽

Guilherme Henrique Terra Cruz ◽

Frank Freire Capuchinho ◽

Jeffersom Vieira José ◽

Elton Fialho dos Reis

Keyword(s):

Air Temperature ◽

Standard Method ◽

Reference Evapotranspiration ◽

Meteorological Data ◽

Reference Method ◽

The State ◽

Coefficient Of Determination ◽

Mean Bias Error ◽

Bias Error ◽

Empirical Methods

Evapotranspiration can be sufficiently estimated when meteorological data are available to implement robust models such as Penman-Monteith (PM). However, due to data scarcity, alternative approaches are necessary. In this context, this study aims to compare the reference evapotranspiration (ETo) obtained from the PM standard method with eight empirical equations to identify the simplest method that can be alternative to the reference method (Penman Monteith method) for ten places in state of Goiás (located in west-central Brazil, Brazilian Savanna). To estimate the ETo, air temperature and relative humidity air, wind speed, sunshine and solar radiation data, which were obtained from the data platform National Institute of Meteorology and the Meteorological and Hydrological System of the State of Goiás, were used. For comparison of empirical methods with PM standard method, we used the following statistical indicators: slope and intercept coefficients (β0 and β1) of regressions equations, the coefficient of determination (r²), Pearson's correlation (r), mean bias error (MBE), root mean square error (RMSE) concordance index refined (dr) and performance index (Pi). Our results indicated that the Turc method is the best option for the state of Goiás when meteorological data are not suffeciently available to use the standard PM method. On the other hand, the method of Romanenko did not present acceptable performance in nine of the ten studied localities. Therefore, its use is advised only in the municipality of the Itumbiara. Among evaluated methods the Hargreaves-Samani method is the best alternative, when there is only air temperature data.

Download Full-text

Assessing of evapotranspiration models using limited climatic data in Southeast Anatolian Project Region of Turkey

PeerJ ◽

10.7717/peerj.11571 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 ◽

pp. e11571

Author(s):

Yusuf Aydın

Keyword(s):

Standard Model ◽

Standard Method ◽

Reference Evapotranspiration ◽

Study Data ◽

Ease Of Use ◽

Climatic Data ◽

Climate Data ◽

The Standard Model ◽

Annual Total

Evapotranspiration carries vital importance in areas with arid and semi-arid climate properties for many issues, including the planning of irrigation water as a scarce resource, the establishment of irrigation programs and conducting project design for drainage. The empirical equations used for determining plant water consumption are classified subject to the diversity of the utilized data. The Penman–Monteith method used frequently in many parts of the world as a standard method needs more climate data. Models that yield results that are similar to those of the standard method with less climate parameters are preferred due to their ease of use and wide impact. Temperature, relative humidity and radiation data for the years 2008–2017 were utilized to analyze the usability of the Hargreaves–Samani and Turc-1961 equations with regard to the estimation of reference evapotranspiration in four provinces located in Southeastern Anatolia Region. Results obtained via models were compared in pairs by way of the standard method in order to define the performance of the models. While the best performances were obtained from the comparison with the standard method and Hargreaves–Samani value pair, the comparison of the standard model with Turc displayed the lowest performance. Based on the study data, ETo-Turc values were higher in the provinces analyzed, thus displaying a lower performance. While maximum long term annual monthly average ETo-HS value was identified as 7.6 mm at Diyarbakır in July, whereas the lowest value was determined at Kilis with 5.8 mm; the highest and lowest ETo-Turc values were obtained in the same month at Diyarbakır and Kilis with 13.3 and 10.3 mm respectively. It was calculated based on the long term average annual total ETo values that while highest ETo-HS was calculated at Diyarbakır with 1,500 mm, whereas the lowest value was calculated at Batman with 1,183 mm. The highest value for ETo-Turc was obtained at Diyarbakır with 2,365 mm while Mardin had the lowest ETo value with 1,920 mm. Accordingly, based on the ETo values calculated at both cities studies based on both models, Diyarbakır had the highest values, whereas Kilis had the lowest ETo values. According to the standard method known as PM, lowest daily ETo values were calculated in all provinces, which displayed the highest performance among the models. As a result of this study, it is possible to use the Hargreaves-Samani model instead of the standard model in the absence of reliable climatic data.

Download Full-text

Modeling Reference Evapotranspiration in a Semiarid Area Using Data-driven Techniques: A Case Study in Lower Cheliff plain, Algeria

10.21203/rs.3.rs-773420/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Mohammed ACHITE ◽

Muhammad Taghi Sattari ◽

Abderrezak Kamel Toubal ◽

Andrzej Wałęga ◽

Nir Krakauer ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Neural Network ◽

Reference Evapotranspiration ◽

Meteorological Data ◽

Gene Expression Programming ◽

Global Radiation ◽

Performance Criteria ◽

Data Driven ◽

Coefficient Of Determination ◽

Irrigated Agriculture ◽

Efficiency Coefficient

Abstract Evapotranspiration (ET) is an important part of the hydrologic cycle, especially when it comes to irrigated agriculture. For the estimation of reference evapotranspiration (ET0), direct methods either pose difficulties or call for many inputs that may not always be available from weather stations. This study compares Feed Forward Neural Network (FFNN), Radial Basis Function Neural Network (RBFNN). and Gene Expression Programming (GEP) approachs for the estimation of daily ET0 in a weather station in Lower Cheliff plain (northwest Algeria), over a 6-year period (2006–2011). Firstly, measured air temperature, relative humidity, wind speed, solar radiation and global radiation was used to calculate ET0 using FAO-56 Penman-Monteith equation as the reference. Then, the calculated ET0 using FAO-56 Penman-Monteith was considered as output for data driven models, while the measured meteorological data were considered as input of the models. The coefficient of determination (R2), root mean square error (RMSE) and Nash Sutcliffe efficiency coefficient (EF) were used to evaluate the developed models. The results of the developed models were compared with the Penman-Monteith evapotranspiration using these performance criteria. The FFNN model proved to yield the best performance compared to all the developed data-driven models, while the RBF-NN and GEP models also demonstrated potential for good performance.

Download Full-text

DESEMPENHO DE MÉTODOS NA ESTIMATIVA DE EVAPOTRANSPIRAÇÃO DE REFERÊNCIA PARA O ESTADO DA PARAÍBA, BRASIL

Irriga ◽

10.15809/irriga.2016v21n3p481-490 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 21 (3) ◽

pp. 481 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Geffson De Figueredo Dantas ◽

Vinicius Mendes Rodrigues de Oliveira ◽

Alexandre Barcellos Dalri ◽

Luiz Fabiano Palaretti ◽

Miqueias Gomes dos Santos ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Comparative Analysis ◽

Standard Method ◽

Reference Evapotranspiration ◽

Weather Data ◽

Coefficient Of Determination ◽

Empirical Methods ◽

Satisfactory Performance ◽

Time Period ◽

And Performance ◽

Level Of Agreement

DESEMPENHO DE MÉTODOS NA ESTIMATIVA DE EVAPOTRANSPIRAÇÃO DE REFERÊNCIA PARA O ESTADO DA PARAÍBA, BRASIL GEFFSON DE FIGUEREDO DANTAS1; VINICIUS MENDES RODRIGUES DE OLIVEIRA2; ALEXANDRE BARCELLOS DALRI3; LUIZ FABIANO PALARETTI3; MIQUEIAS GOMES DOS SANTOS4 E ROGÉRIO TEXEIRA DE FARIA3 1 Licenciado em Ciências Agrárias, Doutorando em Agronomia (Ciência do Solo), Departamento de Engenharia Rural, FCAV-Unesp/ Jaboticabal, SP, [email protected] Engº Agrônomo, Doutorando em Engenharia Agrícola, Departamento de Engenharia Agrícola, UFV/Viçosa, MG, [email protected] Engº Agrícola, Prof. Doutor, Departamento de Engenharia Rural, FCAV-Unesp/Jaboticabal, SP, [email protected], [email protected], [email protected] Engº Agrônomo, Doutorando em Agronomia (Ciência do Solo), Departamento de Engenharia Rural, FCAV-Unesp/Jaboticabal, SP, [email protected] 1 RESUMO O métodos padrão de estimativa da evapotranspiração de referência (ET0) FAO Penman-Monteith (PM) emprega variáveis meteorológicas as quais nem sempre estão disponíveis à maioria dos produtores rurais. Assim, o presente trabalho teve por objetivo avaliar seu desempenho e aferir se necessário, para as condições da Paraíba, diferentes métodos para a estimativa diária de ET0, comparando-os com o método padrão FAO Penman-Monteith. Utilizou-se uma série histórica de 17 anos de dados meteorológicos do INMET de quatro cidades do Estado da Paraíba. Os métodos avaliados foram os de Hargreaves-Samani (HS), Blaney-Criddle (BC), Camargo (C) e Jensen-Haise (JH). Para análise comparativa entre o método PM e os outros métodos, foi realizada a análise de correlação e regressão linear e do coeficiente de determinação (R²). Para a exatidão dos métodos empíricos, foi realizada a análise para a determinação do índice de concordância (d) e do índice de desempenho (c). A ET0, obtida pelos quatro métodos empíricos obtiveram desempenho satisfatório, o método HS para a mesorregião do agreste não necessitou de ajustes, já os métodos JH, C e HS para as mesorregiões litoral, borborema e sertão necessitaram de ajuste para melhor acurácia em relação ao método padrão. Palavras-chave: calibração, irrigação, Penman-Monteith DANTAS, G. de F.; OLIVEIRA, V. M. R. de; DALRI, A. B.; PALARETTI, L. F.; SANTOS, M. G. dos; FARIA, R. T. dePERFORMANCE OF METHODS FOR ESTIMATING ET0 IN PARAÍBA STATE, BRAZIL 2 ABSTRACT The standard method for estimating reference evapotranspiration (ET0), FAO Penman-Monteith (PM) employs meteorological variables which are not always available to most farmers. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate and benchmark their performance if necessary, to the conditions of Paraíba, different methods for daily ET0 were estimated by comparing them with the standard FAO Penman-Monteith method. We used a time period of 17 years of weather data INMET in four cities in the state of Paraíba. The methods evaluated were the Hargreaves-Samani (HS), Blaney-Criddle (BC), Camargo (C) and Jensen-Haise (JH). For comparative analysis between the PM method and other methods, correlation analysis and linear regression to determine the coefficients of the equation (Y = a + bx) and the coefficient of determination (R²) was performed. For accuracy of empirical methods, the analysis was performed to determine the level of agreement (d) and performance index (c). The estimation of reference evapotranspiration, obtained by four empirical for meso-Paraíba PB methods, achieved satisfactory performance, the HS method for the rough mesoregion needed no adjustments since the JH, C and HS methods for meso coast, borborema and hinterland need adjustment for better accuracy compared to the standard method. Keywords: calibration, irrigation, evapotranspiration

Download Full-text

Geoinformation technology for increasing the sustainability of agricultural production and water security in the Aral Sea Basin

10.5194/egusphere-egu2020-21570 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Christopher Conrad ◽

Muhammad Usman ◽

Lucia Morper-Busch ◽

Sarah Schönbrodt-Stitt

Keyword(s):

Water Management ◽

Remote Sensing ◽

Land Use ◽

Water Use ◽

Water Distribution ◽

Water Security ◽

Aral Sea ◽

Irrigated Agriculture ◽

Climate Data ◽

Aral Sea Basin

Extensive over-exploitation of land and water resources is characterizing irrigated agriculture in the Aral Sea Basin (ASB). Over decades, inefficient and excessive water use had remarkable negative impacts on the groundwater and soil quality, hence on crop production. The countries sharing to the ASB look for opportunities to increase the sustainability in the water intensive agricultural sector that is of utmost importance for the densely populated oases as well as for the ecosystems along the river systems. This is also of urgent pressure as there is high evidence that climate change will deplete natural storages such as glaciers. One major bottleneck for spatially targeted decision and policy-making is the absence of scientific information and tools that would allow for informed decisions, e.g. on the implementation of water saving technologies, alternative land use options or water allocation. A review on scientific literature published in the period 2008-2019 underpins the potentials of remote sensing technology in combination with climate data and further geospatial information to close this gap. However, the key question is how to increase the sustainability of irrigated agriculture and water security using this technology in reality? This contribution aims to outline requirements and challenges to bring knowledge from remote sensing into practice. This will be done using the example of the online-tool Water Use Efficiency Monitor for Central Asia (WUEMoCA, http://wuemoca.net/) developed within the German Water Initiative in Central Asia (https://www.cawa-project.net/).It was observed that remote sensing-based results remain isolated as long as they are not integrated into accessible databases, thus are unlinked from regional knowledge and information platforms, e.g., providing commonly applied approaches to water distribution. The tool WUEMoCA combines the remote sensing knowledge with climate data and socio-economic information and serves as an online database with hydrological and land-use indicators requested by regional decision-makers. To increase the ownership of the WUEMoCA tool by potential users (water management authorities and governments) and to account for the sensitivity of data in transnational water management, a toolbox is integrated allowing for user-specific own calculations and development of local databases. By doing so, users can decide by themselves to share information with others or not. So far, user feedback from the water distribution sector and governmental departments in Uzbekistan, but also from other countries assessed WUEMoCA as an important regional data source and database, but also a calculation tool for supporting informed decisions-making, highlight the tool&#8217;s relevance for increasing water security in the ASB.Technically, the next steps may include the development of early warning systems, e.g. for droughts. Yet, it must be clear to the responsible users from the region that long-running tools from research projects can never take over important national tasks. Long-term cooperation is required. In addition, for a sustainable development of such tools, national scientific institutions require a strengthening of the capacity in the application of geoinformation technology. The latter is indicated by the fact that almost all of the published articles were submitted under affiliations from abroad.

Download Full-text

Assessing Annual Actual Evapotranspiration Based on Climate, Topography and Soil in Natural and Agricultural Ecosystems

Climate ◽

10.3390/cli9020020 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 (2) ◽

pp. 20

Author(s):

Kleoniki Demertzi ◽

Vassilios Pisinaras ◽

Emanuel Lekakis ◽

Evangelos Tziritis ◽

Konstantinos Babakos ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Water Balance ◽

Large Scale ◽

Hydrological Model ◽

Actual Evapotranspiration ◽

Irrigated Agriculture ◽

Climate Data ◽

Natural Ecosystems ◽

Loading Effects ◽

Very High ◽

Of Greece

Simple formulas for estimating annual actual evapotranspiration (AET) based on annual climate data are widely used in large scale applications. Such formulas do not have distinct compartments related to topography, soil and irrigation, and for this reason may be limited in basins with high slopes, where runoff is the dominant water balance component, and in basins where irrigated agriculture is dominant. Thus, a simplistic method for assessing AET in both natural ecosystems and agricultural systems considering the aforementioned elements is proposed in this study. The method solves AET through water balance based on a set of formulas that estimate runoff and percolation. These formulas are calibrated by the results of the deterministic hydrological model GLEAMS (Groundwater Loading Effects of Agricultural Management Systems) for a reference surface. The proposed methodology is applied to the country of Greece and compared with the widely used climate-based methods of Oldekop, Coutagne and Turk. The results show that the proposed methodology agrees very well with the method of Turk for the lowland regions but presents significant differences in places where runoff is expected to be very high (sloppy areas and areas of high rainfall, especially during December–February), suggesting that the proposed method performs better due to its runoff compartment. The method can also be applied in a single application considering irrigation only for the irrigated lands to more accurately estimate AET in basins with a high percentage of irrigated agriculture.

Download Full-text

The State of Irrigation Infrastructure in Ghana: The Way Forward

International Journal of Irrigation and Agricultural Development (IJIRAD) ◽

10.47762/2017.964x.24 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 1 (1) ◽

pp. 54-67

Author(s):

P. Glitse ◽

B. V. Nyamadi ◽

K. W. Darkwah ◽

K. A. Mintah

Keyword(s):

Water Management ◽

Large Scale ◽

Irrigated Agriculture ◽

Energy Access ◽

Agricultural Water ◽

Agricultural Water Management ◽

Irrigation Development ◽

Factors Affecting ◽

Cost Of Energy ◽

Irrigation Infrastructure

The Ghana Irrigation Development Authority (GIDA) is a public sector organization established to promote agricultural growth through the provision of irrigation infrastructure and other agricultural water management techniques. Irrigated agriculture in Ghana is categorized into formal, informal or smallholder and large-scale commercial irrigation. Over the years, irrigation development in the country has been faced with a number of challenges, which necessitated the development of the National Irrigation Policy, Strategies and Regulatory Measures and the Ghana Agricultural Water Management Pre-Investment Reform Action Framework. A number of factors affecting irrigation development in the country include lack of capital, commitment by successive governments, cost of energy, access to land and credit, lack of technical know-how and encroachment, among others. Analysis of budget provided by government for public irrigation development was carried out using simple linear regression. Results indicate a bright prospect of irrigation development, with reforms under implementation. A minimum of GHS 633.43 million is required for release into the sub-sector by government together with investments from private sector in the next ten years to shift the balance towards positive growth. To solve the problem of inadequate funding of the sub-sector activities, it is recommended that the GIDA collaborates with Development Partners to fund projects and activities in line with their objectives. GIDA should develop effective programmes for building capacity of contractors involved in development of infrastructure. GIDA should deepen its collaboration with private investors under PPPs and convert electric and diesel/petrol powered irrigation pumps to solar powered ones.

Download Full-text

Uzbekistan’s Aquatic Environment and Water Management as an Area of Interest for Hydrology and Thematic Tourism

Journal of Environmental Management and Tourism ◽

10.14505//jemt.v12.3(51).04 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 (3) ◽

pp. 642

Author(s):

Jacek RÓŻKOWSKI ◽

Mariusz RZĘTAŁA

Keyword(s):

Water Management ◽

Agricultural Land ◽

Groundwater Resources ◽

Global Scale ◽

Aral Sea ◽

Irrigated Agriculture ◽

Human Consumption ◽

Irrigation Systems ◽

Natural Lakes ◽

Area Of Interest

The functioning of Uzbekistan’s economy is closely linked to the water resources of its huge cross-border rivers: the Amu Darya and the Syr Darya, as well as to the groundwater present within their basins. Both natural lakes and artificial reservoirs (e.g. the Aydar-Arnasay system of lakes, the Kayrakkum Reservoir, the Chardarya Reservoir) are present there, which retain significant amounts of water, and large canals with lengths of up to several hundred kilometres which involve complex hydraulic structures are used for irrigation purposes. All these are components of a water management system which needs optimisation; as much as 80% of agricultural land is irrigated, with 70% of the water being lost due to inefficient irrigation systems. The consequence of this allocation of river flows and the overuse of water in irrigation systems has been the disappearance of the Aral Sea (1960 year – 68,900 km2, 2017 year – 8,600 km2) and the inflow of water into the Sarygamysh Lake as well as the reduction of Uzbekistan’s groundwater resources by about 40%. The intensive development of irrigated agriculture is associated with changes in surface and groundwater quality caused, inter alia, by the increased use of chemicals in agriculture and the discharge of collector-drainage waters into river systems as well as their reuse. The extent of environmental degradation in some areas (especially in the Aral Sea region) is unique on a global scale. The origins of Uzbekistan’s other hydrological tourist attractions are related to attempts to ensure the availability of water for both human consumption and industrial use under conditions of water scarcity in the country’s arid and semi-arid climates. Not just the spectacular watercourses and water bodies present there (e.g. rivers, lakes, canals), but also small water retention facilities and minor infrastructure elements (e.g. wells, springs and retention basins, canals, ditches and flow control structures) are of potential tourist importance.

Download Full-text