scholarly journals Assessment of Vulnerability of Natural Grasslands That Are Used as Pastures: Russia’s Example

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 40
Author(s):  
I. P. Aidarov ◽  
A. A. Zavalin ◽  
Yu. N. Nikolskii ◽  
C. Landeros-Sanchez ◽  
V. V. Pchyolkin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Animal Husbandry ◽  
Simulation Models ◽  
Steppe Zone ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Projective Surface ◽  
Practical Application ◽  
Pasture Load ◽  
Term Change ◽  
Natural Grasslands

Natural grasslands that are used as pastures have great importance for animal husbandry. Unfortunately, because of various reasons, the productivity of natural pastures can decline with time. The methodology to predict possible long-term change of the basic properties of natural pastures depending on the pasture load is considered in the present paper. The simulation models and the results of their application for the conditions of use of natural pastures in the steppe zone of Russia are presented. The models take into account the following aspects: biodiversity of plant species in the grassland, capacity of ecological niche, vegetation productivity of grassland, climatic conditions, soil fertility, pasture load, surface slope, intensity of water and wind soil erosion, projective surface coverage, and ecological sustainability of the grassland. The analysis resulted from the proposed models in the examples of practical application showed that the described methodology could be used to develop the necessary measures for sustainable and intensive use of natural grasslands.

scholarly journals Raising Hereford breed in the conditions of the Republic of Tuva

2020 ◽  
Vol 50 (4) ◽  
pp. 66-71
Author(s):  
B. M. Ludu ◽  
B. K. Kan-ool
Keyword(s):  
Beef Cattle ◽  
Animal Husbandry ◽  
Steppe Zone ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
High Mountain ◽  
Taiga Zone ◽  
Research Information ◽  
Peasant Farm ◽  
The Republic

The paper presents the results of the research into the condition, number and concentration of beef cattle of Hereford breed, adapted to the natural and climatic conditions of the East Siberian region. The methodological basis of the study was formed by the methods of systematization, logical and comparative statistical analysis. The research information was based on the official materials of the Ministry of Agriculture and Food of the Republic of Tuva on animal husbandry. Out of the total number of livestock in the region (180 748 heads), Herefords amount to 2869 heads. A comparative analysis of livestock in farms of different forms of ownership and different natural and climatic zones was carried out. The largest population of Herefords (48.94%) is concentrated in the central agricultural and livestock zone with forest-steppe and steppe subzones (by the number of animals Piy-Khem kozhuun ranks first, 19.1%). In the southern zone of dry steppes, there are 27.43% of Herefords (by the number of livestock in the Republic, Tes-Khem kozhuun ranks second, 14.7%). In the western mountain-steppe zone there are 23.63% of Herefords, the largest number is in Barun-Khemchik (7.4%) and in Bai-Taiginsky (7%) kozhuun. Specialized beef cattle have not been brought to the high-mountain Mongun-Taiginsky kozhuun of the western zone or to the eastern high-mountain taiga zone. According to the results of the analysis, taking into account the category of farms, 56.4% of Herefords are kept in peasant farm enterprises, 19.7% – in agricultural production cooperatives, 29.7% – in other agricultural enterprises. All farms practise year-round grazing. Differences in the number of Hereford cattle by districts depend on the capacities of farms and climatic breeding zones. The monitoring which was carried out will allow to determine the prospects for raising purebred cattle of a specialized type, taking into account the terrain and zone of the breeding work in the conditions of year-round grazing in the Republic of Tuva.

scholarly journals The role of variety and forecrop in the population dynamics of Rhizoctonia solani in soil

2021 ◽  
Vol 51 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-32
Author(s):  
A. A. Malyuga ◽  
N. S. Chulikova
Keyword(s):  
Population Dynamics ◽  
Rhizoctonia Solani ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Steppe Zone ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Two Peaks

Long-term studies (2014–2019) of the population dynamics of the fungus Rhizoctonia solani Küch. were carried out in the soil on the Purple Majesty, Vitelotte and Fioletovy potato varieties and preceding crops (potatoes, oats and tendergreen). The study was carried out in Novosibirsk region in the soil and climatic conditions typical of the forest-steppe zone of Western Siberia. To study the peculiarities of R. solani fungus population dynamics in potato plantations, soil samples were taken from under the plants during the entire growing season. The accumulation of rhizoctonia propagules in the soil was determined using the method of multiple soil pellets. The difference in the amount and rate of accumulation of the fungus R. solani on different varieties, as well as the influence of previous crops on this process, was established. Two peaks of the fungus accumulation were observed on the Purple Majesty variety: the first (48.7 propagules/100 g of soil) – during the full germination period, the second (57.2 propagules/100 g of soil) – at the end of the crop maturation phase. One peak was observed in the population dynamics of the fungus on Vitelotte and Fioletovy varieties, at the end of the ripening period (59.0 and 49.1 propagules/100 g soil, respectively). The smallest amount of R. solani fungus in the soil on average during the growing season was noted on the Fioletovy variety – 33.3 propagules/100 g of soil. In the Purple Majesty and Vitelotte varieties, this figure was 41.5 and 40.4 propagules/100 g of soil, respectively. When potato variety Agata was cultivated as monoculture, there was a rapid and significant accumulation of the fungus R. solani in the soil (from 34.6 to 126.8 propagules/100 g of soil). When this variety was cultivated following tendergreen or oats, the amount of the pathogen varied to a lesser extent (25.1–52.2 and 19.8–41.0 propagules/100 g of soil, respectively). No sharp increases in the number of propagative structures of the phytopathogen in the soil were noted.

scholarly journals Productivity of the mother root and cutting garden of the pumiselect clone rootstock in the Steppe of Ukraine

2021 ◽  
Vol 109 (1) ◽  
pp. 20-28
Author(s):  
V. Zamorskyi ◽  
◽  
T. Kamedzko ◽  
T. Manushkina ◽  
M. Samoilenko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crop Management ◽  
Steppe Zone ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
The State ◽  
Aboveground Part ◽  
Mother Plants ◽  
Number Of Shoots

Productivity of the mother root and cutting garden of the pumiselect clone rootstock in the Steppe of Ukraine The dynamics of productivity of the mother root & cutting garden of the Pumiselect clone rootstock was studied, taking into account the soil and climatic conditions of the steppe zone of Ukraine, as well as technological aspects of crop management. In the first three years of vegetation of mother plants, there was an intensive build-up of the aboveground part of the bushes, which gave rise to transfer them to the state of operational plantings. Taking into account the annual complete alienation of growth in the next 4-9 years, significant aging of plants occurred, which was manifested in a decrease in habitus indicators, the number of shoots and their length. As a result, the productivity of mother root plantings decreased (the number of cuttings from 570.2 thousand units)/ha up to 133.6 thousand units/ha), which limited the feasibility of long-term cultivation in order to obtain lignified cuttings. Keywords: Pumiselect, clone rootstock, mother root plantings, shoots, biometric characteristics, lignified cuttings.

scholarly journals Influence of changes of climate on the productivity of pratal and steppe vegetation in the Forest-steppe area of Ukraine

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 (1) ◽  
pp. 18-29
Author(s):  
A. M. Polevoy ◽  
L. E. Bozhko ◽  
E. A. Barsukova
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Steppe Zone ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Natural Fertility ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Climate Change Scenarios ◽  
Potential Productivity ◽  
Steppe Vegetation ◽  
Yield Capacity

The influence of the climate change on the agro-climatic growth conditions, development and formation of productivity of meadow and steppe vegetation in the forest-steppe zone of Ukraine for three periods has been studied: 2021–2030, 2031–2040, 2041–2050. The calculations of the expected conditions have been performed according to the climate change scenarios RCP4.5 and RCP8.5. The paper provides an assessment of the agro-climatic conditions for the formation of productivity of meadow and steppe vegetation in the current global warming and further climate change conditions until 2050. The assessment has been performed by comparing the average long-term agro-climatic indicators (1980–2010) of the productivity of wild phytocenoses with the same indicators for the future over decades. The calculations of both average long-term productivity of grasses and productivity of grasses in the conditions of climate change are executed according to four types of productivity: potential productivity which in case of optimum maintenance of plants with heat, moisture and mineral food is defined by solar radiation; meteorologically possible yield, which is provided by the temperature regime and the regime of humidification of the territory; really possible yield capacity, which is provided by the natural fertility of the soil; actual yield capacity in the natural conditions. Key words: meadow, steppe vegetation, productivity, humus balance, photosynthetic potential, agroecological categories of yields, climate change.

DECLINE AND FALL? STUDYING LONG-TERM CHANGE IN THE EAST

2003 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 404-423 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark Whittow
Keyword(s):  
Near East ◽  
Late Antique ◽  
Practical Application ◽  
Satisfactory Model ◽  
Term Change ◽  
Regional Projects ◽  
New Evidence

With ‘decline and fall’ no longer a satisfactory model for long-term change in the Late Antique Near East (400-800 A.D.), attention has shifted to alternatives, here dubbed the ‘Fiscal’ model and the ‘Intensification and Abatement’ model. In the light of new evidence which makes the fiscal model less persuasive, that of intensification and abatement is attracting growing attention. However, its practical application will require the sort of longterm multi-period, and multi-disciplinary regional projects that have become very hard to organise under current UK funding arrangements.

Long-term change of wet and dry climatic conditions in the southwest karst area of China

2015 ◽  
Vol 127 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bingjun Liu ◽  
Cuiliu Chen ◽  
Yanqing Lian ◽  
Junfan Chen ◽  
Xiaohong Chen
Keyword(s):  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Karst Area ◽  
Term Change

scholarly journals Environmental and landscape significance of steppe mega-projects

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 371-375 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. V. Levykin ◽  
A. A. Chibilev ◽  
Yu. A. Gulyanov ◽  
M. M. Silantieva ◽  
G. V. Kazachkov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Animal Husbandry ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Industrial Complex ◽  
Cumulative Impact ◽  
Ecological Problems ◽  
Kulunda Steppe ◽  
Positive Effect

For the development of fundamental bases of strategy of rational steppe land use and its realization we analyzed the most significant steppe megaprojects - "Stalin's plan to transform the nature of forest steppe and steppe", the Virgin Lands Campaign of 1954-1963, Agrarian Reform of the 1990s. Both specific consequences of each project and their cumulative impact determining the modern appearance of steppe landscapes and their agro-ecological problems are established. The Altai Territory, primarily the Kulunda steppe, is considered a special arena of megaprojects in the steppes of Siberia, bearing all the features of the old-developed region, where the most positive effect of these projects was achieved. The interrelation between the main problems of modern steppe land use and the results of the considered megaprojects has been presented. The main problems of agrarian steppe land use have been revealed. Taking into account modern tendencies of development of agrarian and industrial complex three most probable scenarios of development of steppe agriculture landscapes are considered. They are neo-wildland, stagnation, and optimization scenario with adaptation of agricultural lands structure to natural-climatic conditions and requirements of market conditions, with concentration of intensive agriculture on the best lands and transformation of low-productive lands into long-term managed steppe fodder lands of adaptive animal husbandry.

scholarly journals New data about the Orlovskaya culture household in the steppe Volga region

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 136-140
Author(s):  
Aleksandr Alekseevich Vybornov ◽  
Filat Faritovich Gilyazov ◽  
Natalia Sergeevna Doga ◽  
Aleksandr Ivanovich Yudin ◽  
Evheniia Yurievna Yanish
Keyword(s):  
Significant Proportion ◽  
Steppe Zone ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Domestic Dog ◽  
Volga Region ◽  
Faunal Remains ◽  
The Caspian Sea ◽  
Lower Volga Region ◽  
Late Stone Age

Researchers suggest a hypothesis that one of the indicators of the Neolithic is settlements based on stable fishing using boats and nets. The northern part of the Lower Volga region is a steppe zone. The peculiarities of natural and climatic conditions (arid climate, a small number of rivers) predetermined a low population density in comparison with other regions. The location of long-term camps is traced on different rivers on particular distance from each other. This provided normal conditions for life of the Orlovskaya culture representatives. The culture stratification in loam leaded to good preservation of faunal remains. The big archeozoological material was accumulated for reconstruction of these societies household. Hunting was carried out mainly on large ungulates. In addition, waterfowl accounted for a significant proportion. A domestic dog provided assistance in hunting. Finds of bone harpoons and hooks, accumulations of scales and bones of pike and perch are speaking about individual fishing. Stone sinkers, axes and adzes, vertebrae may suggest fishing with a net from a boat or a raft. The absence of sturgeon remains give a thought that the Bolshoi Uzen River didnt flow into the Caspian Sea in the Late Stone Age.

scholarly journals Selection of high-yielding pea varieties in the conditions of the Cis-Ural steppe zone of the Bashkortostan Republic

2021 ◽  
Vol 36 ◽  
pp. 01007
Author(s):  
Firzinat Davletov ◽  
Karina Gainullina
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Steppe Zone ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Local Conditions ◽  
State Register ◽  
Unfavourable Weather ◽  
Significant Yield ◽  
High Yielding Varieties ◽  
Selection Of

Peas have become the most important leguminous crop worldwide. Large areas in Russia are used for pea growing. Unfavourable weather and climatic conditions often lead to a significant yield decline. There is an urgent need to develop new high-yielding varieties adapted to local conditions. The current paper presents the results of long-term breeding of modern pea cultivars Chishminsky 229, Pamiati Hangildina, Pamiati Popova, meeting the requirements of agricultural production. The research was conducted in the Bashkir Agricultural Research Institute. The varieties were bred by repeated single selection based on intervariety hybridization. Chishminsky 229 and Pamiati Hangildina cultivars are included in the State Register of Breeding Achievements. Pamiati Popova is currently undergoing state variety testing. According to the comparative testing in 2016-2020, the excess yield compared to Chishminsky 95 standard variety was 2.1 c/ha for Chishminsky 229 variety, 1.9 c/ha for Pamiati Hangildina cultivar, and 3.2 c/ha for Pamiati Popova cultivar.

scholarly journals Climate change impact on millet productivity in the forest-steppe zone of Ukraine

2020 ◽  
pp. 63-73
Author(s):  
N. V. Danilova
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Steppe Zone ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Future Climate Change ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Impact Of Climate Change ◽  
Growth Development ◽  
Drought Resistant ◽  
The Impact

Negative impact of climate change on crop yields is already an established fact. This is mainly due to rising temperatures and increasing likelihood of droughts. However, in some regions there is an increase of certain crops yields, especially the drought-resistant ones and this determines the need for research of agro-climatic conditions for formation of such crops' yield. This article presents the results of the study of agro-climatic conditions for formation of millet crops, one of the most drought-resistant crops in the forest-steppe zone of Ukraine, affected by climate change. It considers temperature, radiation and humidification regimes of millet crops. The research of the impact of climate change on the growth, development and formation of millet crops is conducted according to the scenarios of future climate change RCP4.5 and RCP8.5 for a thirty-year period (2021-2050) divided into three decades: 2021-2030, 2031-2040 and 2041-2050. The period from 1986 to 2005 is a basic period. The average long-term agroclimatic data for the forest-steppe zone of Ukraine observed in this period are used. The calculations were performed using the model of crop productivity formation which was modified and adapted to millet crop. The block diagram of the model of millet productivity formation includes blocks of main physiological processes of millet (Panicum miliaceum L.) vital activity: photosynthesis, respiration, growth, development and also includes a hydrometeorological block. It is assumed that the average air temperature will decrease in all three ten-year periods of both scenarios, compared to the accepted long-term averages. The results of calculations showed that in all ten-year periods of both scenarios there is an increase in millet yield compared with the average long-term data (1986-2005). The highest yield is formed according to the RCP8.5 scenario over the period from 2041 to 2050 and is expected at the level of 29.2 c/ha which is 19% higher than the current one.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document