scholarly journals Induced Defoliation and Corn Productivity Performance

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 128
Author(s):  
Wellington Junior Candido da Silva ◽  
Flávio Carlos Dalchiavon
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Grain Filling ◽  
Mato Grosso ◽  
Federal Institute ◽  
Reproductive Phases ◽  
Index Weight ◽  
Education Science ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Upper Third

Due to the change in the environment, diseases and insects can reduce the leaf area of agricultural crops. The objective of this study was to determine the impact of induced defoliation on the vegetative and reproductive phases of corn on its agronomic characteristics. The experiment was carried out in the experimental area of the Mato Grosso Federal Institute of Education, Science and Technology, Campo Novo do Parecis campus, in a second crop system in the 2017/2018 agricultural year, with sowing in March. This study used a randomized complete block design, consisting of 24 treatments and three replications, comprising eight phenological stages. The treatments were performed from the fourth leaf stage (V4) to physiological maturation (R5), with defoliation in the lower, middle and upper thirds of the plant. The characteristics evaluated were: plant height, stem diameter, ears insertion height, ears length, ears diameter, ears weight, number of rows per ears, number of grains per row, weight of grain per ears, prolificity; harvest index, weight of one thousand grains and grain yield. Defoliation between the fourth (V4) and twelfth leaves (V12) does not interfere in the evaluated characteristics. Grain and ear weight are interfered when defoliation occurs in the middle and upper third of plants in V12. Defoliation between flowering (R1) and beginning of grain filling (R2) negatively affects the weight of one thousand grains, grain and ear weight, and may reduce grain yield by up to 30%. Defoliation in the upper third of the plant significantly reduces the diameter and length of ears, grain and corn ear of the corn crop.

scholarly journals CRITICAL VARIABLES OF MORPHO-PHYSIOLOGICAL RICE PLANT UNDER STAGNANT FLOODING CONDITIONS

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Nurwulan Agustiani ◽  
Sujinah Sujinah ◽  
Indrastuti Apri Rumanti
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Water Depth ◽  
Rice Yield ◽  
Irrigation System ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Grain Filling ◽  
System Control ◽  
New Variety ◽  
Panicle Number ◽  
The Impact

<p class="abstrakinggris"><span lang="EN-US">Stagnant flooding (SF) stress has contributed decreasing rice production in Indonesia. The study aimed to explore critical variables of rice growth that contribute to the decreasing grain yield under SF conditions and a common irrigation system (control). The experiment was arranged in a complete randomized block design with four replications to test 10 rice genotypes (Inpari 30 Ciherang Sub-1, Inpara 3, Inpara 4, Inpara 8, IRRI119, IRRI154, IR42, IR14D121, IR14D157, and Tapus). The water depth was managed according to the farmer’s practices for control, while for SF plots the standing water depth was gradually increased from 35 days after transplanting and was maintained at 50 cm until harvest. Results showed that plant height, tillering ability, leaf greenness, panicle number per hill and grain filling percentage were critical growth variables that affect grain yield at optimal conditions. The yield of the 10 genotypes decreased by 25–50% under SF conditions. Inpara 3 had the stable yield in those two watering conditions. Therefore, it could be used as a check variety for SF condition. Inpara 9 and IRRI119 experienced decreased yield of more than 50% under SF conditions. The key factors determining the decreased yield were tillering ability and green leaf level. Optimization of the two variables at SF conditions will largely determine rice yield associated with panicle number per hill and grain number per panicle. Results of the study are useful as preliminary recommendations for designing new variety and cultivation techniques to reduce the impact of SF stress on rice yield.</span></p>

scholarly journals Spad Value Varies With Age And Leaf Of Maize Plant And Its Relationship With Grain Yield

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bishnu Kandel
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Winter Season ◽  
Grain Filling ◽  
Strong Positive Correlation ◽  
Spad Value ◽  
Increase With Increase ◽  
Phase Data ◽  
Hybrid Maize ◽  
Value Measurement

Abstract Objectives A field experiment was conducted to evaluate ten hybrid maize for photosynthetic traits. Ten hybrid were replicate thricely under Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) during winter season of 2018. SPAD 502 Plus meter was used for SPAD value measurement. Vegetative stage all photosynthetic measurement taken from T1 (top most leaf) and T3 (2nd leaf from top leaf) leaves of 5 plants of one plot during 30 days interval. For reproductive phase data taken from Eo/ eo (Leaf attach to cob/ear), E2 or e2 (2nd leaf from Eo /eo leaf) leaves during entire period of grain filling at 10 days intervals. Same leaves were used for overall data collection.Results Result showed that significantly different SPAD value were observed for different age and leaves of maize during pre and post anthesis. SPAD value increase with increase in age and decrease at the time of maturity. During vegetative and juvenile phase T3 leaf has more SPAD value than T1. During reproductive stage eo leaves had more SPAD than e2 leaves, so center leaf of maize contributes more to grain yield. Correlation studies showed that there is strong positive correlation between different stage of SPAD with grain yield.

Heat stress in grain legumes during reproductive and grain-filling phases

2017 ◽  
Vol 68 (11) ◽  
pp. 985 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Farooq ◽  
Faisal Nadeem ◽  
Nirmali Gogoi ◽  
Aman Ullah ◽  
Salem S. Alghamdi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Stress ◽  
High Temperature ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Leaf Senescence ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Substantial Reduction ◽  
Grain Filling ◽  
Grain Legumes ◽  
Grain Legume ◽  
The Impact

Thermal stress during reproductive development and grain-filling phases is a serious threat to the quality and productivity of grain legumes. The optimum temperature range for grain legume crops is 10−36°C, above which severe losses in grain yield can occur. Various climatic models have simulated that the temperature near the earth’s surface will increase (by up to 4°C) by the end of this century, which will intensify the chances of heat stress in crop plants. The magnitude of damage or injury posed by a high-temperature stress mainly depends on the defence response of the crop and the specific growth stage of the crop at the time of exposure to the high temperature. Heat stress affects grain development in grain legumes because it disintegrates the tapetum layer, which reduces nutrient supply to microspores leading to premature anther dehiscence; hampers the synthesis and distribution of carbohydrates to grain, curtailing the grain-filling duration leading to low grain weight; induces poor pod development and fractured embryos; all of which ultimately reduce grain yield. The most prominent effects of heat stress include a substantial reduction in net photosynthetic rate, disintegration of photosynthetic apparatus and increased leaf senescence. To curb the catastrophic effect of heat stress, it is important to improve heat tolerance in grain legumes through improved breeding and genetic engineering tools and crop management strategies. In this review, we discuss the impact of heat stress on leaf senescence, photosynthetic machinery, assimilate translocation, water relations, grain quality and development processes. Furthermore, innovative breeding, genetic, molecular and management strategies are discussed to improve the tolerance against heat stress in grain legumes.

scholarly journals Effects of Water Stress and Potassium on Quantity Traits of Two Varieties of Mung Bean (Vigna Radiata L.)

2014 ◽  
Vol 47 (1) ◽  
pp. 107-114
Author(s):  
Z. Fooladivanda ◽  
M. Hassanzadehdelouei ◽  
N. Zarifinia
Keyword(s):  
Water Stress ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Vigna Radiata ◽  
Mung Bean ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Plant Responses ◽  
Potassium Fertilizer ◽  
The Impact

ABSTRACT Water stress is known as the major threat to reduced growth and yield of plants in arid and semi-arid regions. Potassium is one of the indicators of plant responses to water stress. To evaluate the impact of water stress and levels of potassium on yield and yield components of two varieties of mung bean (Vigna radiata) (promising lines VC6172 and Indian), an experiment in the form of split factorial, based on randomized complete block design with three replicates was conducted in 2011, at the research farm of Safi-Abad Dezfool, Iran (latitude 32°16’ N, longitude 48°26’ E and altitude 82.9 m above sea level) .Water stress in three levels: irrigation at 120 (no stress), 180 (moderate stress) and 240 (severe stress) mm evaporation from pan, were allocated to the main plots and potassium fertilizer at three levels (0, 90, 180 kg /ha) and two varieties of mung bean (promising line VC6172 and Indian) were allotted to the sub-plots. Results showed that water stress and potassium fertilizer significantly affect all traits. The highest grain yield (2093 kg /ha) was obtained from no stress treatment in the case of 180 kg /ha potassium. Total dry matter, number of pods and grain yield, were significantly different between the two varieties. The interaction between fertilizer and variety, on dry matter and grain yield and the interaction between irrigation and variety, on dry matter were significant. We conclude that use of potassium fertilizer can reduce the adverse effects of water stress.

scholarly journals Blood meal as nitrogen source and its effect on disease severity on sweet corn

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Karina De Jesus Egues Martins ◽  
Camila Klem Miliati ◽  
Antonio Luiz Viegas Neto ◽  
Lígia Maria Maraschi da Silva Piletti ◽  
Rafael Pelloso de Carvalho ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Fertilizer ◽  
Blood Meal ◽  
Sweet Corn ◽  
White Spot ◽  
Meat Processing ◽  
Mato Grosso ◽  
Federal Institute ◽  
Stalk Diameter ◽  
Education Science ◽  
Mato Grosso Do Sul

A blood meal is a by-product of the meat processing industry and can be used as nitrogen fertilizer due to its minimum content of 10 % Nitrogen. The objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of doses of blood meal, such as nitrogen fertilizer in topdressing, on the production components and the severity of diseases in sweet corn. The experiment was developed at the Federal Institute of Education, Science and Technology of Mato Grosso do Sul (IFMS), Ponta Porã campus, in a Quartzarenic Neosol. The experimental design used was randomized blocks with five treatments of blood meal doses of (0 kg ha-1; 48 kg ha-1; 96 kg ha-1; 120 kg ha-1 and 144 kg ha-1) and one treatment using urea for topdressing fertilization with 120 kg ha -1 of N. The experiment analyzed the severity of white spot on the tasseling and milk grain stages and also the production components: plant height, insertion height of the first ear, stalk diameter, length of the unhusked commercial ears, diameter of unhusked commercial ears, number of grain row, weight of husked commercial ears, weight of unhusked commercial ears and productivity in kg ha-1. The use of blood meal was as efficient as the use of urea as a nitrogen fertilizer for doses starting from 48 kg ha-1, the maximum productivity was obtained when the dose of 112 kg ha-1 of N blood meal was used. The severity of the white spot did not progress in treatments containing nitrogen fertilization in topdressing.

scholarly journals BIOLOGICAL MANAGEMENT OF Pratylenchus brachyurus IN SOYBEAN CROPS

2019 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-51
Author(s):  
Kethelin Cristine Laurindo de Oliveira ◽  
Dejânia vieira de Araújo ◽  
Angélica Carmos de Meneses ◽  
Jéssica Moreira e Silva ◽  
Rodolfo Luis Cardoso Tavares
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Mato Grosso ◽  
Biological Products ◽  
Growing Period ◽  
Purpureocillium Lilacinum ◽  
Shoot Dry Weight ◽  
Microbiological Characteristics ◽  
Pratylenchus Brachyurus

ABSTRACT The efficiency of biological products combined with biological fertilization for controlling Pratylenchus brachyurus in soybean crops, and effects of these treatments on soybean crops were evaluate. A greenhouse experiment was conducted at the Mato Grosso State University, in Brazil, using a randomized block design with a 10×2 factorial arrangement, and four replications. The treatments consisted of Trichoderma asperellum, B. subtilis, Purpureocillium lilacinum, B. subtilis + T. asperellum, B. subtilis + P. lilacinum, T. asperellum + P. lilacinum, B. subtilis + T. asperellum + P. lilacinum and abamectin, and Controls with, and without nematodes. Nematode population, plant height, stem base diameter, and soil microbiological characteristics (at 60 and 120 days after sowing - DAS), shoot dry weight (60 DAS), and number of pods per plant, and grain yield (120 DAS) were evaluated. The treatments were efficient for the control of phytonematodes at 60 DAS; the efficiency of treatments with biological products increased when combined with biological fertilization. The biological products were more efficient for controlling the nematodes than abamectin at 120 DAS; and the percentage of control were higher when they were combined with biological fertilization, in both growing periods. The biological treatments resulted in better agronomic characteristics, and higher number of pods per plant, and grain yield, affecting the plants in the first growing period, and significant interaction with the biological fertilizer for these variables in the second growing period. The interaction between treatments and biological fertilization was significant for soil microbiological characteristics in the second growing period.

Influence of Rhizophagus intraradices and phosphorus fertilization on growth, yield and N P content in grain of Phaseolus vulgaris.

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juan Francisco Aguirre-Medina ◽  
Juan Francisco Aguirre- Cadena ◽  
Jorge Cadena-Iñiguez ◽  
María de Lourdes Arevalo-Galarza ◽  
Raymundo Rosas-Quijano ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phaseolus Vulgaris ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Growth Yield ◽  
Phosphorus Fertilization ◽  
Phaseolus Vulgaris L ◽  
Rhizophagus Intraradices ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
P Content ◽  
The Impact

The impact of Rhizophagus intraradices (RI) interaction with phosphorus fertilization on the yield of Phaseolus vulgaris L. var. Negro Tacaná, and the N and P content in plant tissue and grain were determined. The experiment consisted of six treatments:1) Control, 2) RI, 3) 40 kg.ha-1 of P2O5, 4) RI + 40 kg.ha-1 of P2O5, 5) RI + 26 kg.ha-1 of P2O5, and 6) RI + 13 kg.ha-1 of P2O5, using a randomized block design with four replicates. Results probed that inoculation of plants with RI promoted a better health, growth and grain yield. In particular, grain yield inoculated with RI presented similar values as obtained with inorganic fertilization of 40 kg.ha-1 of P2O5, indicating that inorganic fertilization can be fully substituted by RI. The use of this technology provides an efficient use of soil nutrients, which is translated into a lower investment for producers.

Effects of Nitrogen and Zinc Spray on Yield of Corn (Zea Mays L.) in Drought Stress

2013 ◽  
Vol 46 (3) ◽  
pp. 29-38
Author(s):  
S.H. Mosavifeyzabadi ◽  
F. Vazin ◽  
M. Hassanzadehdelouei
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Yield Component ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Yield Reduction ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Relative Water ◽  
The Impact

Abstract In hot and arid regions, drought stress is considered as one of the main reasons for yield reduction. To study the effect of drought stress, nitrogen and zinc spray on the yield and yield components of corn, an experiment was carried out during the crop seasons of 2010 and 2011 on Emam Khomeyni research Farm in Mahvellat as a split factorial within randomized complete block design with three replicates. The main plots with irrigation factor and three levels were considered: full irrigation, stopping irrigation at anthesis step and stopping irrigation at the seed filling stage. Subplots were considered with and without nitrogen and zinc spray. The drought stress reduced the grain yield in anthesis stage more than other stages. Drought stress effects significantly on stem and ear diameter, ear length, chlorophyll value, leaf area index, leaf relative water content, stem, ear and leaves dry weight, number grain in ear and row, number row in ear, unfilled seed percentage and thousand grains weight. Nitrogen increased the seed yield and yield component except thousand grains weight and the number of row in ear. Using Zn, as compared with control treatment, causes the increase of grain yield, thousand grains weight and number grain in ear 16.5, 9 and 5.5%, respectively. The results obtained from the present research showed that anthesis stage was most sensitive stage to drought stress. Also nitrogen and Zn could somewhat reduce the impact drought stress on corn.

scholarly journals Effects of Potassium and Iron on Yield of Corn (Zea Mays L.) in Drought Stress

2014 ◽  
Vol 47 (1) ◽  
pp. 39-47 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Zare ◽  
F. Vazin ◽  
M. Hassanzadehdelouei
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Yield Component ◽  
Research Field ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Yield Reduction ◽  
Relative Water ◽  
The Impact

ABSTRACT In hot and arid regions, drought stress is considered as one of the main reasons for yield reduction. To study the effect of drought stress, Iron and potassium spray on the yield and yield components of corn, an experiment was carried out during the crop seasons of 2010 and 2011 on Abosaeid research field of Mahvellat as a split factorial within randomized complete block design with three replicates. The main plots with irrigation factor and three levels were considered: irrigation per 6, 9 and 12 days. Subplots were considered with and without Iron and potassium spray. The irrigation reduced the grain yield in irrigation per 12 more than other stages. Irrigation effects significantly on chlorophyll value, leaf relative water content, stem, ear and leaves dry weight, number grain in ear and row, number row in ear, unfilled seed percentage and thousand grains weight. Iron increased the seed yield and yield component, except unfilled seed percentage and SPAD. Using K, as compared with control treatment, causes the increase of grain yield, 1000 grains weight and number grain in ear 16.5, 9 and 5.5% respectively. Potassium could somewhat reduce the impact drought stress on corn.

scholarly journals Effect of Phosphorus Levels on Yield Components and Grain Yield of Two Nerica Varieties in Mwea

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
Etabo Edung Mathew ◽  
N. K. Korir ◽  
J. P. Gweyi-Onyango
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Yield Components ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Grain Filling ◽  
Rice Farming ◽  
Rice Varieties ◽  
Randomized Complete Block Design ◽  
Grain Formation ◽  
1000 Grain Weight ◽  
Phosphorus Levels

Phosphorus is one macronutrient that commonly gets fixed and accumulates into soils after it has been in use for long, thus becoming readily unavailable to plants in subsequent years. Such scenario is ontological in Mwea where rice farming is practiced, yet this element is one main critical nutrient that plants cannot do without for they need it for root initiation, root development, photosynthesis, grain- formation, grain-filling, as well as yielding. In that view therefore, an experiment was undertaken in Mwea irrigation scheme with the aim of investigating on the influence of phosphorus levels on yield components and grain yield of Nerica 4 and 11. The experiment was laid out in a Randomized Complete Block Design in split-plot arrangement replicated thrice. Two rice varieties (Nerica 4 and Nerica 11) formed main plots and phosphorus levels (0 kg P/ha, 25 kg P/ha, 50 kg P/ha and 75 kg P/ha) formed split plots. Data was collected on appropriate parameters between week 4 and 19 after sowing at intervals of three weeks. Results demonstrated that phosphorus levels significantly influenced the 1000-grain weight and number of panicles in the tested varieties. Additionally, Grain yield mean variation was observed, where highest grain yield of 0.988 tons per hectare was produced in Nerica 4 on 50 kg P/ha in season 2, while least grain yield of 0.831 tons per hectare was still produced in the same variety on control in season 1, thus 50 kg P/ha on Nerica 4 is recommended for rice farming in Mwea. The study would be used as a body of guidelines and information for judicial, responsible, and promotion of prescribed application of phosphates in Nerica rice farming at planting for realization of higher yields between the two Nerica varieties (Nerica 4 and 11) in Mwea and with like agro ecological areas.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document