scholarly journals 2020 Constitutional Reform and Center-Region Relations in Russia

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 41
Author(s):  
Ekaterina Kudryashova ◽  
Rustam Mirzaev
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Constitutional Reform ◽  
Decision Making Process ◽  
Constitutional Amendments ◽  
Center Region ◽  
Russian State ◽  
Russian Constitution ◽  
Regional Leaders ◽  
Consultative Body ◽  
Upper Chamber

This article examines 2020 constitutional reform in Russia. The amendments recently were approved on July, 1st by nation-vide vote. The purpose of the article is to analyze center-region trends in Russia and how they are reflected in the proposed constitutional amendments. The prospective changes in regional representation in the federal decision-making process shall also be discussed. The article shows how chaotic decentralization during the 90-s was replaced by a trend of centralization. The 2020 constitutional reform reflects a further strengthening of this centralization trend. The problems faced by the Russian regions are left unresolved. It is becoming an overcentralized country. The amended Russian Constitution envisages a reformed role for the Russian State Council. It is supposed to be defined in the Constitution as a consultative body by the President and is expected to be formed of regional leaders. At the same time, the Federal Council of the Federal Assembly (the upper chamber of the Russian parliament), which represents the different constituencies, is also set to be reformed. However, after the reform some of its powers shall be restricted. The changes to regional representation in the federal decision-making process has a controversial and inconsistent character and inevitably supports the general trend towards centralization.

RUSSIA'S 2020 CONSTITUTIONAL AMENDMENTS: A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-32
Author(s):  
William PARTLETT
Keyword(s):  
Authoritarian Regimes ◽  
Political Elite ◽  
Reform Process ◽  
Constitutional Change ◽  
Constitutional Amendments ◽  
Existing Problems ◽  
Authoritarian Populism ◽  
The People ◽  
Russian State ◽  
Russian Constitution

Abstract This article will place the 2020 amendments to the Russian Constitution in comparative perspective. Although these amendments were officially justified as strengthening the Russian state in order to tackle emerging new problems, they constitutionalise already-existing legislative trends from the last twenty years. They therefore do little to overcome existing problems of Russian state building. What was the reform process about then? It was intended to project the image of reform by involving the people in a staged process of constitutional change while further entrenching the power of the current political elite. The constitutional reforms therefore demonstrate the symbolic role that constitutional law can play in seeking to ensure the survival of mature or later-stage forms of authoritarian populism. This kind of ‘theatrical constitution-making’ is a broader reminder of how the expressive aspects of constitutional change can be (ab)used by established authoritarian regimes.

scholarly journals The 2020 Constitutional Reform in the Russian Federation as a Way to Strengthen the Nation

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 3-6
Author(s):  
Sergey N. Baburin ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Russian Federation ◽  
Social Economic ◽  
Moral Values ◽  
Constitutional Reform ◽  
Russian Society ◽  
Ethnic Communities ◽  
Russian State ◽  
The Social ◽  
Russian Constitution ◽  
The Russian Federation

The article considers the positive changes of the Russian Constitution, implemented during the constitutional reform of 2020, justified the relevance and significance of the constitutional reform of 2020, which for the Russian Federation is an important step towards strengthening the nation as a multinational people of Russia, its unity. The return to the text of the constitution of traditional spiritual and moral values of Russian society, filling with real content of the social character of the modern Russian state is made with the understanding that the nation in Russia is a civilizational union of many peoples. The consolidation of the multi-ethnic people of Russia is considered in the spiritual, moral, social, economic, political and civilizational levels, when the consolidation of cultural unity of modern Russia is carried out at the same time protecting the identity of all peoples and ethnic communities of the Russian Federation. It is concluded that the constitutional reform of 2020 has not removed from the agenda the question of the need for a new Constitution of Russia.

scholarly journals The Yukos Arbitration Saga and Russia’s Constitutional Amendments

2020 ◽  
Vol 29 ◽  
pp. 86-94
Author(s):  
Maren Krimmer
Keyword(s):  
The Political ◽  
Russian Company ◽  
International Treaties ◽  
Constitutional Amendments ◽  
Arbitral Award ◽  
Russian State ◽  
Energy Charter Treaty ◽  
Russian Constitution ◽  
Appeals Court ◽  
Domestic Law

In February 2020, a Dutch appeals court ruled that the Russian state owed shareholders in the now-defunct Russian company Yukos 50 billion US dollars, one of the largest sums ever awarded. However, no country has yet been able to enforce the Yukos arbitral award issued in 2014 against Russia: while the arbitration tribunal in the Yukos investment case ruled in favour of the company, affirming that provisional application of the Energy Charter Treaty was compatible with Russian domestic law, Russia regards the matter as one of sovereignty and sees its power as being threatened. The article discusses whether non-enforcement of the award on the Russian government’s part would be justified by Article 15 (1) of the Russian Constitution and what impact the currently planned amendments to that foundational law might have with regard to international treaties and decisions of international bodies. The article concludes that the political and theory-oriented debate regarding Yukos will continue and that it will remain hard for the former Yukos shareholders to collect their money under the PCA’s arbitral award.

Präsident, Regierung und Staatsrat – Die einfachgesetzliche Umsetzung der russischen Verfassungsreform

2021 ◽  
Vol 67 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-57
Author(s):  
Caroline von Gall
Keyword(s):  
Separation Of Powers ◽  
Constitutional Reform ◽  
Constitutional Court ◽  
Constitutional Amendments ◽  
Open Questions ◽  
Russian Constitution ◽  
Russian President ◽  
Strong Position ◽  
Federal Laws ◽  
The Government

The article discusses the 2020 Russian constitutional reform and its implementation by legal amendments to many laws of the Russian Federation. The article focuses on the amendments to the new Law on the State Council and on the changes to the Law on the Government and the relationships of these institutions to the Russian President. The 1993 Russian constitution already gave extensive powers to the Federal President and a strong position within the power structure. The federal laws and jurisprudence of the Constitutional Court in force until 2020 further strengthened the powers of the president. That stood in contrast to a liberal interpretation of the constitution in the light of its basic principles laid down in the first section, in particular the principles of democracy and separation of powers. By the 2020 constitutional amendments, the discrepancy between the norms of the constitution on the president and the federal organs and the constitutional reality in form of federal laws with respect to the relationship between the President and the government is getting smaller. However, the constitutional reform also left open questions. The amendments to the laws partially answer these questions and again strengthen the powers of the president.

AAC Decision-Making and Mobile Technology: Points to Ponder

2014 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 104-111 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mary Ann Abbott ◽  
Debby McBride
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Mobile Technology ◽  
Communication System ◽  
Augmentative And Alternative Communication ◽  
Evaluation Process ◽  
Decision Making Process ◽  
Alternative Communication ◽  
Ipod Touch ◽  
Feature Match

The purpose of this article is to outline a decision-making process and highlight which portions of the augmentative and alternative communication (AAC) evaluation process deserve special attention when deciding which features are required for a communication system in order to provide optimal benefit for the user. The clinician then will be able to use a feature-match approach as part of the decision-making process to determine whether mobile technology or a dedicated device is the best choice for communication. The term mobile technology will be used to describe off-the-shelf, commercially available, tablet-style devices like an iPhone®, iPod Touch®, iPad®, and Android® or Windows® tablet.

Women in Power and Decision making Positions : Conditions and Restraints

1970 ◽  
pp. 53-57
Author(s):  
Azza Charara Baydoun
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Political Participation ◽  
Political Life ◽  
The Political ◽  
Decision Making Process ◽  
Power Structures ◽  
Policies And Procedures ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Status ◽  
Slow Progress

Women today are considered to be outside the political and administrative power structures and their participation in the decision-making process is non-existent. As far as their participation in the political life is concerned they are still on the margins. The existence of patriarchal society in Lebanon as well as the absence of governmental policies and procedures that aim at helping women and enhancing their political participation has made it very difficult for women to be accepted as leaders and to be granted votes in elections (UNIFEM, 2002).This above quote is taken from a report that was prepared to assess the progress made regarding the status of Lebanese women both on the social and governmental levels in light of the Beijing Platform for Action – the name given to the provisions of the Fourth Conference on Women held in Beijing in 1995. The above quote describes the slow progress achieved by Lebanese women in view of the ambitious goal that requires that the proportion of women occupying administrative or political positions in Lebanon should reach 30 percent of thetotal by the year 2005!

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