scholarly journals Technological Progress in US Agriculture: Implications for Biofuel Production

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 61
Author(s):  
Farzad Taheripour ◽  
Don Scott ◽  
Cristopher A. Hurt ◽  
Wallace E. Tyner
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Major Change ◽  
Biofuel Production ◽  
Total Production ◽  
Fuel Production ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Livestock Sector ◽  
Productivity Gain ◽  
Food And Feed ◽  
Major Transformation

This paper evaluates in a holistic way major trends in US production of food, feed, and biofuel commodities over the period 1961-2014. It is motivated by literature that examines parts of the changes but does not integrate them. We develop a comprehensive data set and then conduct analysis of the major trends that emerge. We identify eight major trends and then combine them to four major themes. The first theme is the huge gain in agricultural productivity over this period. An important component of this theme is that the productivity gain was sufficient to achieve substantial total production growth as agricultural land declined over the period. Second, there has been a major transformation of the livestock sector as less efficient and more expensive beef has been replaced by more efficient and less expensive poultry. As this change has happened, the livestock sector has become more land efficient, less land used in livestock. The third major change is that US calorie production is now substantially more than the needs for food and feed. Finally, the first three major themes have enabled the fourth, which is growth of US renewable fuel production, while agricultural land declined over time.

scholarly journals WASTEWATER TREATMENT WITH BIOCONVERSION FOR MOTOR FUEL PRODUCTION

ScienceRise ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 66-72
Author(s):  
Sergii Shamanskyi ◽  
Sergii Boichenko ◽  
Lesia Pavliukh
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Culture Medium ◽  
Motor Fuel ◽  
Biofuel Production ◽  
Phosphorus Compounds ◽  
Biogenic Elements ◽  
Fuel Production ◽  
Nitrogen And Phosphorus ◽  
Phosphorous Compounds ◽  
Technological Product

The object of research: the process of wastewater treatment using bioconversion for subsequent motor fuel production. Investigated problem: improving the efficiency of bioconversion process for biofuel production with simultaneous wastewater treatment by removing nitrogen and phosphorous compounds. The main scientific results: providing the possibility of biofuel production with energy and economic inefficiency. It is done by combining the process of motor biofuel production with the process of treating wastewater from biogenic elements makes it perspective for commercial use. Traditional technology for the production of motor biofuels from microalgae includes cultivation, harvesting, dehydration and drying of biomass, extraction of oils from them and subsequent production of methyl esters and glycerol. Such technology is often not economically effective. It requires significant amount of energy for carrying out all necessary processes. In addition, it requires significant expenditures of water and nutrients. The use of nutrient-rich wastewater as a culture medium for the cultivation of microalgae allows not only to reduce costs, but also to purify wastewater from nitrogen and phosphorus compounds, which makes this process economically effective. The area of practical use of the research results: Sewage and gray water treatment plants. Industrial and agricultural effluents treatment plants. Different types of enterprises, which have wastewater enriched with nitrogen and phosphorous compounds. Innovative technological product: The technology of microalgae cultivation using wastewater as a culture medium. The technology allows effectively purifying used wastewaters from nitrogen and phosphorous compounds with no waste at the end. Scope of the innovative technological product: Improved technology of motor biofuel production with simultaneous wastewater purification, which is economically effective and environmentally safe.

scholarly journals Identifying new criteria for assessing the impact on the ecosystem generated by the establishment of Jerusalem artichoke crops on difficult and floodable soils

2021 ◽  
Vol 286 ◽  
pp. 03022
Author(s):  
Florin Nenciu ◽  
Gabriel Nae ◽  
Gabriela Milian ◽  
Iulian Dumitru ◽  
Gheorghe Matei ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Jerusalem Artichoke ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Biofuel Production ◽  
Land Owners ◽  
Marginal Soils ◽  
Pharmaceutical Industries ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Near Future ◽  
Technical Plant

Jerusalem Artichoke (Helianthus tuberosus L.) is a technical plant that manages to adapt very well to unfriendly environments, even in polluted or poor in nutrients soils and may serve in the near future as an important raw material for the food, chemical, and pharmaceutical industries. Furthermore, the plant is growing rapidly, producing large amounts of biomass and offers the possibility to be harvested up to 2 times a year, therefore presents a high potential to be used in the field of biofuel production. The plant's capacity to multiply easily by developing small tubers in the soil, allowing the production of economically advantageous crops, can be considered an advantage for biofuel producers, however this feature might be a drawback for agricultural land owners considering the very invasive behavior. The present paper aim to assess two Jerusalem Artichokes crops established on marginal soils, assessing productivity and the extensive impact on the ecosystem, paying a special attention to plant invasiveness tendencies.

scholarly journals An Assessment Of Microalgal Biodiesel With Acetone, Butanol and Ethanol Using LIfe Cycle Assessment (LCA) Methodology

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cherilyn Dignan
Keyword(s):  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Ghg Emissions ◽  
Primary Energy ◽  
Biofuel Production ◽  
Production Model ◽  
Lca Methodology ◽  
Fuel Production ◽  
Renewable Fuel ◽  
Production Processes ◽  
Microalgal Biodiesel

Canada, as one of the largest producers and consumers of fossil fuels per capita on the planet, is attempting to reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. In order to accomplish this, fuel alternatives, such as biofuel, are required. Accordingly, this study uses LCA methodology to quantify the GHG impact of a unique biofuel production model. This unique model produces biodiesel (BD), acetone, butanol and ethanol (ABE) from microalgae and assesses the process GHG impact against other microalgal BD production processes. This study’s microalgal BD and ABE production process produces 76 kgCO2e per functional unit, whereas other comparable microalgal BD production processes produce between 3.7 and 85 kgCO2e. Overall, this study clarifies that without the development of versatile infrastructure to accommodate biofuel production, LCA studies will continue to find renewable fuel production processes net GHG positive for the simple reason that fossil resources are still the primary energy source.

scholarly journals The duration of global agri-food export competitiveness

2017 ◽  
Vol 119 (6) ◽  
pp. 1378-1393 ◽  
Author(s):  
Štefan Bojnec ◽  
Imre Fertő
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Advantage ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
Revealed Comparative Advantage ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Term Survival ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Country Level ◽  
Export Competitiveness

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to examine the pattern, duration and country-level determinants of global agri-food export competitiveness of 23 major global agri-food trading countries. Design/methodology/approach A large panel data set is compiled to facilitate assessment of the pattern, duration and country-level determinants of global agri-food export competitiveness using a revealed comparative advantage index. Findings The results suggest that the duration of revealed comparative advantage is heterogeneous at the agri-food product level. Long-term survival rates as revealed by the comparative advantage indices are among the highest for the Netherlands, France, Belgium, the USA, Argentina and New Zealand. The level of economic development, the share of agricultural employment, subsidies to agriculture and differentiated consumer agri-food products increase the likelihood of failure in the duration of comparative advantage, while the abundance of agricultural land and export diversification reduce that likelihood. Originality/value The framework is conceptually innovative in how it models the likelihood of failure in the duration of comparative advantage and assesses implications. Export competitiveness is a crucial factor in long-term global farm business survival as it fosters opportunities for business prosperity on global markets.

scholarly journals PHAEODACTYLUM TRICORNUTUM MICROALGAE GROWTH RATE IN HETEROTROPHIC AND MIXOTROPHIC CONDITIONS

2009 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 84 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. C. C. Morais ◽  
R. L. L. Ribeiro ◽  
K. R. Santos ◽  
D. M. Taher ◽  
A. B. Mariano ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Phaeodactylum Tricornutum ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Biofuel Production ◽  
Glycerol Concentration ◽  
Microalgae Biomass ◽  
Dry Biomass ◽  
Number Of Cells ◽  
Microalgae Growth

The Brazilian National Program for Biofuel Production has been encouraging diversification of feedstock for biofuel production. One of the most promising alternatives is the use of microalgae biomass for biofuel production. The cultivation of microalgae is conducted in aquatic systems, therefore microalgae oil production does not compete with agricultural land. Microalgae have greater photosynthetic efficiency than higher plants and are efficient fixing CO2. The challenge is to reduce production costs, which can be minimized by increasing productivity and oil biomass. Aiming to increase the production of microalgae biomass, mixotrophic cultivation, with the addition of glycerol has been shown to be very promising. During the production of biodiesel from microalgae there is availability of glycerol as a side product of the transesterification reaction, which could be used as organic carbon source for microalgae mixotrophic growth, resulting in increased biomass productivity. In this paper, to study the effect of glycerol in experimental conditions, the batch culture of the diatom Phaeodactylum tricornutum was performed in a 2-liter flask in a temperature and light intensity controlled room. During 16 days of cultivation, the number of cells per ml was counted periodically in a Neubauer chamber. The calculation of dry biomass in the control experiment (without glycerol) was performed every two days by vacuum filtration. In the dry biomass mixotrophic experiment with glycerol concentration of 1.5 M, the number of cells was assessed similarly in the 10th and 14th days of cultivation. Through a volume element methodology, a mathematical model was written to calculate the microalgae growth rate. Was used an equation that describes the influence of irradiation and concentration of nutrients in the growth of microalgae. A simulation time of 16 days was used in the computations, with initial concentration of 0.1 g l-1. In order to compare simulation data with experimental data, we calculated the dry weight in 8 points in the course of sixteen days. In this way, it was possible to assess graphically biomass concentration versus time through the experiments and by numerical simulation. It was identified that the simulation results were consistent with the experiments and that the addition of glycerol greatly influenced the growth of microalgae. In the present analysis, the glycerol added increased 30% in biomass.

scholarly journals Microbial Cellulases and Their Industrial Applications

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ramesh Chander Kuhad ◽  
Rishi Gupta ◽  
Ajay Singh
Keyword(s):  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Enzyme System ◽  
Cellulase Production ◽  
Industrial Applications ◽  
Biofuel Production ◽  
Potential Candidate ◽  
Research Groups ◽  
Process Economics ◽  
Food And Feed ◽  
Technological Developments

Microbial cellulases have shown their potential application in various industries including pulp and paper, textile, laundry, biofuel production, food and feed industry, brewing, and agriculture. Due to the complexity of enzyme system and immense industrial potential, cellulases have been a potential candidate for research by both the academic and industrial research groups. Nowadays, significant attentions have been devoted to the current knowledge of cellulase production and the challenges in cellulase research especially in the direction of improving the process economics of various industries. Scientific and technological developments and the future prospects for application of cellulases in different industries are discussed in this paper.

scholarly journals Quality management and traceability in crop production

2007 ◽  
pp. 273-277
Author(s):  
Zsuzsanna Szathmáry ◽  
Zoltán Győri
Keyword(s):  
Food Safety ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Food Industry ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Integrated Approach ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Safety Standards ◽  
Livestock Sector ◽  
Food And Feed ◽  
Set Up

Today, food safety and quality is an everyday issue. Scandals in the food industry drew attention to the role and responsibility of food producers in the food chain. The European Union has set up a new integrated approach towards food safety, to which Hungary as an EU member and export-oriented country has also joined. The new “from farm to fork” principle states that food and feed production cannot be handled separately, as only feed produced from good quality raw materials can ensure safe food products. Another important issue is the traceability of products, allowing for the localization and recall of the defected item. In Hungary, there have been different documentation systems for tracking and tracing products, such as the land register in crop production, animal register in the livestock sector and hygiene registers in the food industry. In order to meet EU requirements, there is a growing number of initiatives to include primary production in the scope of food safety standards. The study introduces and compares the various management systems used in crop production.

scholarly journals Dynamism of Landscape Transformation in Ibiono-Ibom, Akwa-Ibom State, Nigeria

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-38
Author(s):  
Orimoogunje Oluwagbenga O. Isaac ◽  
Adeleke Benjamin Olufemi ◽  
Dada Emmanuel ◽  
Shote Adebola Adekunle ◽  
Eudoxie-Okafor Aniefiok Nene ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Arable Land ◽  
Agricultural Practices ◽  
Household Survey ◽  
Biodiversity Loss ◽  
Remotely Sensed ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Remotely Sensed Data ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Landscape Transformation

Abstract Studies have shown that information on landscape transformation is an important benchmark data set because of its value as an environmental change indicator. Therefore, dynamism of landscape transformation over a 34-year period are analysed for a case study in Ibiono-Ibom, Akwa-Ibom State, Nigeria. The study adopted a mixed method consisting of remote sensing and GIS-based analysis, and semi-structured interviews covering 400 households while factors contributing to landscape structures and changes are studied. The results point out three main driving factors responsible for the landscape transformation in the study area: agricultural practices which lead to intensification of forest resources, riparian vegetation, vegetated wetlands and non-vegetated wetlands; urbanization which modifies the structure and morphology of the landscape, and finally, population growth directly related to massive infrastructural development which encroached on all other land spaces. GIS-based analysis of remotely-sensed data showed that built-up area had increased by 7535.2 ha between 1986 and 2020; shrub and arable land by 1343.9 ha and light forest decreased by 4998.3 ha. While bare-land reduced by 1522.1 ha; vegetated wetland reduced by 1092 ha; water body coverage reduced by 168 ha and non-vegetated wetland size also reduced by 2029.4 ha. Analysis of household survey results revealed that the perceptions of respondents validate the observed patterns during the remotely-sensed data analysis phase of the research, with 54 % (n=400) of respondents reporting a decline in agricultural land use, and 19.3 % (n=400) observing a decline in forest areas in the study area. Furthermore, agricultural intensification, urban development, timber exploitation, firewood collection and increase in settlements were identified as the proximate drivers of these observed landscape transformation dynamics in the study area. The study concluded that the variation in landscape transformation of the study area are clear indication of the extent of biodiversity loss and ecosystem degradation in the study area.

scholarly journals Design and Analysis of The Strength of Rice Transport Vehicle Frames

2021 ◽  
Vol 328 ◽  
pp. 07004
Author(s):  
Daniel Parenden ◽  
Cipto Cipto
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Development ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Total Production ◽  
The Finite Element Method ◽  
Final Phase ◽  
Post Harvest ◽  
Agricultural Equipment ◽  
Ground Pressure ◽  
Transport Vehicle ◽  
Vehicle Chassis

Merauke Regency is one of the largest rice producers in Papua Province with a total production of 344,192.32 tons in 2020, a harvested area of 61,584 ha and a rice productivity of 5.59 tons/ha. Agricultural development in Merauke Regency is supported by the availability of agricultural land and the modernization of agricultural equipment. The post-harvest process is the final phase that is key to success, so it must be handled properly to achieve maximum results once the post-harvest rice begins with the rice harvest. The rice harvest must be supported by a robust transport vehicle in wet and muddy fields. Vehicles with caterpillar drive wheels are compatible because the ground pressure is lower. The design of the rice transport vehicle selects the track wheel type as the drive wheel so that it can be used on wet and muddy surfaces. The vehicle chassis is designed for the transport of 1000-1500 kg of rice. The construction and analysis are simulated with Autodesk Inventor software; the Chasis model is analyzed for strength using the finite element method.

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