scholarly journals Soil Health and Related Ecosystem Services in Organic Agriculture

2015 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 116 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lynette K. Abbott ◽  
David A. C. Manning
Keyword(s):  
Management Practices ◽  
Nutrient Management ◽  
Soil Health ◽  
Microbial Transformation ◽  
Nutrient Release ◽  
Farming Systems ◽  
Organic Soil ◽  
Detailed Examination ◽  
Chemical Processes ◽  
Nitrogen And Phosphorus

<p>Soil health is dependent upon complex bio-physical and bio-chemical processes which interact in space and time. Microrganisms and fauna in soil comprise highly diverse and dynamic communities that contribute, over either short or long time frames, to the transformation of geological minerals and release of essential nutrients for plant growth. Certified organic soil management practices generally restrict the use of chemically-processed highly soluble plant nutrients, leading to dependence on nutrient sources that require microbial transformation of poorly soluble geological minerals. Consequently, slow release of nutrients controls their rate of uptake by plants and associated plant physiological processes. Microbial and faunal interactions influence soil structure at various scales, within and between crystalline mineral grains, creating complex soil pore networks that further influence soil function, including the nutrient release and uptake by roots. The incorporation of organic matter into soil, as either manure or compost in organic farming systems is controlled to avoid excessive release of soluble nutrients such as nitrogen and phosphorus, while simultaneously contributing an essential source of carbon for growth and activity of soil organisms. The interdependence of many soil physical and chemical processes contributing to soil health is strongly linked to activities of the organisms living in soil as well as to root structure and function. Capitalizing on these contributions to soil health cannot be achieved without holistic, multiscale approaches to nutrient management, an understanding of interactions between carbon pools, mineral complexes and soil mineralogy, and detailed examination of farm nutrient budgets.</p>

scholarly journals Studies on Integrated Nutrient Management of Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata l.): A Review

2021 ◽  
pp. 148-154
Author(s):  
Bimesh Dahal
Keyword(s):  
Crop Production ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Nutrient Management ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Farming Systems ◽  
Integrated Nutrient Management ◽  
Yield Attributes ◽  
The Status ◽  
Physical Attributes ◽  
Physical And Chemical

There are many management methods for nutrient which can be specifically applied in farming systems. Integrated nutrient management (INM) generally denotes the combined use of organic and chemical fertilizers for producing crops in a sustainable manner and to maintain soil fertility as well as to supply nutrient in appropriate amount which consider social, ecological and economic impacts. This paper shows the importance and need of INM in agriculture production. Also, the relation of INM and yield attributes are analyzed and evaluated including growth and physical attributes of cowpea. The status of nutrient uptake by plant is also described along with other physical and chemical properties of soil. Finally, this paper also describes about the biofertilizer and its relation, impact and effect on crop production which can be used as a improved technology with the combination of other nutrient management practices.

Effect of long-term nutrient management practices on soil health and paddy yield of rice-rice-fallow cropping system in tropic humid climate

2021 ◽  
Vol 107 ◽  
pp. 103362
Author(s):  
Umme Aminun Naher ◽  
Md Mozammel Haque ◽  
Faruk Hossain Khan ◽  
Md Imran Ullah Sarkar ◽  
Tahmid Hossain Ansari ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Management Practices ◽  
Nutrient Management ◽  
Soil Health ◽  
Cropping System ◽  
Humid Climate ◽  
Paddy Yield

scholarly journals Performance of different levels of nitrogen and phosphorus on herbage yield, nutrient content and uptake of rainfed palmarosa (Cymbopogan martini var. Motia) - A Review

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jayalakshmi Mitnala
Keyword(s):  
Management Practices ◽  
Nutrient Management ◽  
Skin Diseases ◽  
Nutrient Content ◽  
Volatile Oil ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Alcoholic Beverages ◽  
Mosquito Repellent ◽  
Nitrogen And Phosphorus ◽  
Different Levels

Cymbopogan martini var. Motia commonly known as Palmarosa or Rosha grass is a tall perennial tufted hedge native of most parts of sub-tropical India. Palmarosa oil has a sweet floral rose-like odour also has notes of rye bread, tea and clary sage. The oil is extensively used as perfumery raw material in soaps; floral rose-like perfumes; cosmetics preparations and in the manufacture of mosquito repellent products. It is used for flavoring tobacco products, foods and non-alcoholic beverages. The volatile oil is used as a remedy for lumbago, stiff joints, skin diseases and for bilious complaints.Considering the importance of this crop every efforts are being made to increase the oil production of the crop by using improved nutrient management practices.

scholarly journals Integrated Weed and Nutrient Management Improve Yield, Nutrient Uptake and Economics of Maize in the Rice-Maize Cropping System of Eastern India

Agronomy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 1906
Author(s):  
Dibakar Ghosh ◽  
Koushik Brahmachari ◽  
Marian Brestic ◽  
Peter Ondrisik ◽  
Akbar Hossain ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weed Management ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Nutrient Management ◽  
N Uptake ◽  
Farmyard Manure ◽  
Maximum Yield ◽  
Soil Health ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Partial Substitution ◽  
Maize Grain

Increasing productivity of maize while decreasing production costs and maintaining soil health are emerging challenges for the rice–maize system in South Asia. A range of integrated nutrient and weed management practices were tested in winter maize for their effects on yield, profitability, and soil health. The nutrient management treatments were a partial substitution of nitrogen with bulky (Farmyard manure; vermicompost) and concentrated organic manures (Brassicaceous seed meal, BSM; neem cake), whereas weed management practices compared chemical controls only versus an integrated approach. The N supplementation through BSM diminished the weed growth by reducing weed N uptake, and enhanced the maize crop uptake of nutrients. As compared to the sole chemical approach, atrazine-applied pre-emergence followed by hoeing reduced weed density by 58 and 67% in years 1 and 2, respectively. The N supplementation through BSM resulted in the maximum yield of maize grain (6.13 and 6.50 t ha−1 in year 1 and year 2, respectively) and this treatment increased yield in year 2 compared to N application through synthetic fertilizer. Hoeing in conjugation with herbicide enhanced the maize grain yield by 9% over herbicide alone. The maximum net return and economic efficiency were achieved with the application of BSM for N supplementation, together with the integrated weed management practice.

Productivity, economics and soil fertility of soybean - safflower croppingsystem in response to nutrient management practices

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Padmavathi ◽  
I. Y.L.N Murthy ◽  
M. Suresh
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Biomass ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Crop Residues ◽  
Nutrient Management ◽  
Soil Health ◽  
Health Indicators ◽  
Microbial Biomass C ◽  
Microbial Biomass N ◽  
Net N Mineralization ◽  
Mineral N

A field experiment was conducted to study the effect of nutrient management practices on the performance of soybean - safflower sequence in Vertisols. The safflower equivalent yield (2418 kg/ha-1); gross returns (Rs. 53196/ha-1); net returns (Rs 33734/ha-1) and B:C ratio (2.8) were significantly superior either with the application of NPK to the system + 5 t FYM/ha to safflower; or NPK to the system + soybean residues to safflower; or NPK to the system + both crop residues. Similar trend was also observed with respect to soil health indicators viz., soil respiration (108 mg C/g soil/10 days), microbial biomass C (284 mg C/g soil), microbial biomass N (41.9 mg N/g soil), mineral N (13.8 mg N/g soil) and net N mineralization (5.4 mg N/g soil/ 10 days). Significant improvement was observed in terms of PGPR and Trichoderma sp were found when NPK + crop residues were applied to the system.

scholarly journals Growth and productivity as influenced by nutrient management practices on Pigeon pea [Cajanus cajan (L.) Millsp.] in upland alfisols of Tripura

2015 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 123-134
Author(s):  
S Ray ◽  
Biman De ◽  
S Hazari
Keyword(s):  
Cajanus Cajan ◽  
Seed Treatment ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Nutrient Management ◽  
Soil Health ◽  
Pigeon Pea ◽  
College Of Agriculture ◽  
Main Plot ◽  
The Rich ◽  
The Cost

Pigeon pea [Cajanus cajan (L.) Millsp.] is the rich sources of dietary protein, carbohydrate & certain minerals but its poor yield needs to formulate a nutrient management practices for higher productivity in upland alfisols of Tripura and to combat it, an experiment was conducted during three consecutive kharif seasons at College of Agriculture, Lembucherra, Tripura comprising of two levels of Lime (150 and 200 kg ha-1) in main plot and two levels of molybdenum seed treatment (0 and 4g kg-1 of seed) in sub plot and 4 levels of recommended doses, viz., 0% of RDF ha-1, 50% of RDF ha-1, 75% of RDF ha-1 and 100% of RDF ha-1 (Recommended dose @ 20:60:40 of NPK). It was revealed that by the use of 100% RDF ha-1 with 150 kg ha-1 lime and 4g kg-1 of molybdenum seed treatment leads to higher yield and return per rupee respectively. But by the use of 100% RDF ha-1 with 200 kg ha-1 lime and 4g kg-1 of molybdenum seed treatment, return per rupee was recorded at 2.98. The investigation reflects that by the use of 75% RDF ha-1 return per rupee (3.78) was less compared to 100% RDF ha-1 but significant with saving the cost of 25% RDF ha-1 and soil health from the excessive use of fertilizer for sustaining the agricultural growth.SAARC J. Agri., 13(1): 123-134 (2015)

Organic vegetable production in the U.S.: Certified growers and their practices

1998 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 69-78 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jorge Fernandez-Cornejo ◽  
Catherine Greene ◽  
Renata Penn ◽  
Doris Newton
Keyword(s):  
Pest Management ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Nutrient Management ◽  
Direct Marketing ◽  
Farming Systems ◽  
National Sample ◽  
Farmers Markets ◽  
Vegetable Production ◽  
Materials Used ◽  
High Consistency

AbstractOrganic farming systems differ fundamentally from conventional ones in their primary focus on management practices that promote and enhance ecological harmony. Organic farmers also tend to have a different socioeconomic profile. In this study, we summarize average socioeconomic characteristics and production practices of a national sample of about 300 certified organic vegetable growers from 14 states and compare them to a large sample of about 6,900 conventional vegetable growers. We also examine the specific materials used by organic growers for pest and nutrient management.Organic vegetable growers tend to be younger, more educated, less experienced in farming, and less likely to have grown up on a farm than conventional vegetable growers, and tend to operate smaller farms. Over three-quarters of the organic vegetable growers surveyed have small operations (less than 10 acres of vegetables), and they are much younger and work fewer days in off-farm jobs than conventional small growers. In contrast to conventional marketing practices, nearly half the surveyed organic growers, and the majority of small ones, market their vegetables directly to consumers through farmers' markets and other direct marketing channels.The organic growers rely primarily on traditional organic processes such as green manuring (legumes), animal manuring, composting, and crop rotation to supply crop nutrients, and on cultural and biological tools, including pest-resistant plant varieties, water management techniques, adjustment of planting and harvesting dates, and beneficial organisms, for pest management. Animal meal, fish products, and lime are their most frequently reported supplemental nutrient sources (14, 20 and 28%, respectively, reported using these materials), and Pyrellin EC and petroleum-based soaps were the most frequently reported supplemental pest management materials (used by 6 and 8%, respectively). The pest and nutrient materials used by the organic growers are generally consistent with current guidelines of major certification organizations that provide services to organic growers, and there is high consistency among those guidelines and national recommendations for most of these materials.

scholarly journals Vegetable Production Best Management Practices to Minimize Nutrient Loss

2006 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 398-403 ◽  
Author(s):  
T.K. Hartz
Keyword(s):  
Best Management Practices ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Nutrient Management ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Environmental Water ◽  
The United States ◽  
Nutrient Loss ◽  
Vegetable Production ◽  
Nitrogen And Phosphorus ◽  
Best Management

Nutrient loss from commercial vegetable fields has become a significant environmental issue in all the major vegetable-producing regions of the United States. Growers are facing potentially disruptive regulations aimed at improving the quality of both surface and ground water. Significant improvement in nutrient management will be required to meet this regulatory challenge. This paper discusses five practical, low-cost nutrient best management practices (BMPs). These BMPs are widely applicable, relatively inexpensive to implement, and can dramatically reduce nitrogen and phosphorus loss from vegetable fields. However, even with careful application of these BMPs, runoff and leachate from vegetable fields may periodically exceed environmental water quality standards, which are very stringent.

scholarly journals PERFORMANCE OF DIFFERENT LEVELS OF NITROGEN AND PHOSPHORUS ON OIL YIELD AND OIL QUALITIES OF PALMAROSA (CYMBOPOGAN MARTINI VAR. MOTIA) AREVIEW

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jayalakshmi Mitnala
Keyword(s):  
Management Practices ◽  
Nutrient Management ◽  
Skin Diseases ◽  
Volatile Oil ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Alcoholic Beverages ◽  
Mosquito Repellent ◽  
Nitrogen And Phosphorus ◽  
Tobacco Products ◽  
Different Levels

Cymbopogan martini var. Motia commonly known as Palmarosa or Rosha grass is a tall perennial tuftedhedge native of most parts of sub-tropical India. Palmarosa oil has a sweet floral rose-like odour also has notes of ryebread, tea and clary sage. The oil is extensively used as perfumery raw material in soaps; floral rose-like perfumes;cosmetics preparations and in the manufacture of mosquito repellent products. It is used for flavoring tobacco products,foods and non-alcoholic beverages .The volatile oil is used as a remedy for lumbago, stiff joints, skin diseases and forbilious complaints ”Considering the importance of this crop every effort is made to increase the oil production of the cropby using improved nutrient management practices. The supply of inorganic fertilizers in appropriate quantity form andstage of crop growth could upgrade the quality and yields remarkably”.

scholarly journals Evaluation of soil nutrient management practices of taro farmers in Taveuni, Fiji

2014 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 61 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sofina Nisha ◽  
Surendra Prasad ◽  
Jagdish Bhati
Keyword(s):  
Soil Fertility ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Nutrient Management ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Soil Health ◽  
Soil Nutrient ◽  
Soil Fertility Management ◽  
Chemical Fertilizers ◽  
Fertility Status ◽  
Different Types

There is evidence that the soil health in Taveuni, Fiji is deteriorating over time threatening livelihoods of taro producers. The present study was conducted to understand the soil nutrient management practices followed by taro farmers in Taveuni. The study revealed that the farmers in Taveuni use various organic and chemical fertilizers and various other soil fertility management practices such as mulching, crop rotation with legumes, yagona and agroforestry. The quantity of nitrogen, phosphorous and potash (NPK) applied to taro crop on different types of soils was meager. The study further revealed that there was imbalanced and insufficient use of chemical fertilizers and organic sources of soil nutrients. The main cause of low use of fertilizers was that the farmers in Taveuni do not know the fertility status of their farms as no soil testing was ever done and majority of them are also not fully aware of various low-cost organic methods of maintaining soil fertility of farms.

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