scholarly journals Effects of Short-term Tillage of a Long-term No-Till Land on Crop Yield and Nutrient Uptake in Two Contrasting Soil Types

2016 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 32 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miles Dyck ◽  
Sukhdev S. Malhi ◽  
Marvin Nyborg ◽  
Dyck Puurveen
Keyword(s):  
Nutrient Uptake ◽  
Crop Yield ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
N Uptake ◽  
P Uptake ◽  
N Fertilization ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Plant Yield ◽  
No Till

<p>Pre-seeding tillage of long-term no-till (NT) land may alter crop production by changing the availability of some nutrients in soil. Effects of short-term (4 years) tillage (hereafter called reverse tillage [RT]) of land previously under long-term (29 or 30 years) NT, with straw management (straw removed [SRem] and straw retained [SRet]) and N fertilizer rate (0, 50 and 100 kg N ha<sup>-1</sup> in SRet, and 0 kg N ha<sup>-1</sup> in SRem plots), were determined on plant yield (seed + straw, or harvested as forage/silage at soft dough stage), and N and P uptake in growing seasons from 2010 to 2013 at Breton (Gray Luvisol [Typic Cryoboralf] loam) and from 2009 to 2012 at Ellerslie (Black Chernozem [Albic Argicryoll] loam), Alberta, Canada. Plant yield, N uptake and P uptake tended to be greater with RT compared to NT in most cases at both sites, although significant in a few cases only at Ellerslie. On average over both sites, RT produced greater plant yield by 560 kg ha<sup>-1</sup> yr<sup>-1</sup>, N uptake by 5.8 kg N ha<sup>-1</sup> yr<sup>-1</sup>, and P uptake by 1.8 kg P ha<sup>-1</sup> yr<sup>-1</sup> than NT. There was no consistent beneficial effect of straw retention on plant yield, N uptake and P uptake in different years. Plant yield, N uptake and P uptake increased with N fertilization at both sites, with up to the maximum rate of applied N at 100 kg N ha<sup>-1</sup> in 3 of 4 years at Breton and in 2 of 4 years at Ellerslie. In conclusion, our findings suggested some beneficial impact of occasional tillage of long-term NT soil on crop yield and nutrient uptake.</p>

Effects of a single cycle of tillage on long-term no-till prairie soils

2009 ◽  
Vol 89 (4) ◽  
pp. 521-530 ◽  
Author(s):  
C D Baan ◽  
M C. J Grevers ◽  
J J Schoenau
Keyword(s):  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Soil Organic Carbon ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Soil Depth ◽  
P Uptake ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
Available Phosphorus ◽  
No Till ◽  
Particulate Soil

A study was conducted to examine the effect of tillage on soil conditions and crop growth at three long-term (> 10 yr) no-till sites, one in each of the Brown, Black, and Gray soil zones of Saskatchewan. The four tillage treatments consisted of one cycle of tillage at three levels of intensity: spring cultivation only, fall + spring cultivation, and fall + spring + disc cultivation, all applied to no-till and also a no-till control. Total and particulate soil organic carbon, soil pH, and soil aggregation were not affected by the tillage operations. Tillage decreased the bulk density in the 5- to 10-cm soil depth, but did not affect soil water content (0-10 cm) or spring soil temperature (0-5 cm). Tillage decreased stratification of available phosphorus to some extent, but there appeared to be no associated effect on crop P uptake. Tillage did not effect crop production in any of the 3 yr following its imposition, except at one site where, in the first year, apparent tillage-induced nutrient immobilization resulted in lower yields. Overall, the imposition of one cycle of tillage on long-term no-till soils appears to have little effect on soil properties or crop growth.Key words: No-till, nutrient stratification, soil organic carbon, tillage

scholarly journals Long-term research needed to avoid spurious and misleading trends in sustainability attributes of no-till

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah Cusser ◽  
Christie Bahlai ◽  
Scott M. Swinton ◽  
G. Philip Robertson ◽  
Nick M. Haddad
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Crop Yield ◽  
Agricultural Management ◽  
List Type ◽  
Moving Window ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Profitability Analysis ◽  
No Till ◽  
Relative Profitability

ABSTRACTAgricultural management recommendations based on short-term studies can produce findings inconsistent with long-term reality. Here, we test the long-term relative profitability and environmental sustainability of continuous no-till agriculture practices on crop yield, soil moisture, and N2O fluxes. Using a moving window approach, we investigate the development and stability of several attributes of continuous no-till as compared to conventional till agriculture over a 29-year period at a site in the upper Midwest, U.S. We find that over a decade is needed to detect the consistent benefits of no-till on important attributes at this site. Both crop yield and soil moisture required periods 15 years or longer to generate patterns consistent with 29-year trends. Only marginally significant trends for N2O fluxes appeared in this period. Importantly, significant but misleading short-term trends appeared in more than 20% of the periods examined. Relative profitability analysis suggests that 10 years after initial implementation, 86% of periods recuperated the initial expense of no-till implementation, with the probability of higher relative profit increasing with longevity. Results underscore the essential importance of decade and longer studies for revealing the long-term dynamics and emergent outcomes of agricultural practices for different sustainability attributes and are consistent with recommendations to support the long-term adoption of no-till management.GRAPHICAL ABSTRACTHIGHLIGHTSWe test long-term effects of no-till on yield, soil moisture, and N2O fluxesWe examine 29 years of data with a moving window and relative profitability methodIt takes at least a decade to detect consistent benefits of no-tillShorter studies can produce significant but misleading findingsLong studies are essential to reveal the dynamics of agricultural management

scholarly journals The Influence of Environmental Change (Crops and Water) on Population Redistribution in Mexico and Ethiopia

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (23) ◽  
pp. 5219 ◽  
Author(s):  
Haibin Xia ◽  
Susana B. Adamo ◽  
Alex de Sherbinin ◽  
Bryan Jones
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Change ◽  
Crop Yield ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
River Flow ◽  
Control Variable ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Population Redistribution ◽  
Environmental Shocks

This paper discusses the effects of long-term environmental change (represented by the abundance or scarcity relative to the long-term average level of crop yield/river flow) and short-term environmental shock (represented by the maximum number of consecutive years below the median crop yield/river flow per decade) on population redistribution in Mexico and Ethiopia. Crop production and water resources, which are affected by climate change and influence human survival and activities, were selected as research variables. Two developing countries, namely, Mexico and Ethiopia, were selected as comparison cases. The results showed that short-term environmental shocks had no correlation with population redistribution. Short-term environmental shocks might fail to influence migration decisions or cause only temporary displacements that cannot be detected by demographic statistics. Among the long-term environmental change factors, only crop yield deviation was found to have a significant positive correlation with population redistribution. Based on two different datasets and two different decades, crop yield deviation is positively correlated with population redistribution; the correlation coefficients between crop yield deviation and population redistribution were 0.134 to 0.162 in Mexico and 0.102 to 0.235 in Ethiopia. When urbanization was considered as the control variable, the correlation coefficient between crop yield deviation and population redistribution in Mexico dropped by half, while it was almost the same in Ethiopia. However, Ethiopia’s population redistribution was more clearly influenced by the population itself. Crop yield deviation relative to water flow deviation meant changes in livelihoods. Population redistribution is a possible means of adapting to changes in livelihood. Mexico exhibited high resilience to changes in livelihoods caused by long-term environmental change, especially in its densely populated areas. In contrast, Ethiopia was characterized mainly by high population growth and low population migration. People in some areas of Ethiopia were forced to endure hardship of livelihood deterioration or to stay where they were due to the difficulty of obtaining sufficient resources to afford the cost of migration.

Long-term effect of cropping system and nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizer on production and nitrogen economy of grain crops in a Brown Chernozem

2005 ◽  
Vol 85 (1) ◽  
pp. 81-93 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. A. Campbell ◽  
R. P. Zentner ◽  
F. Selles ◽  
P. G. Jefferson ◽  
B. G. McConkey ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Use ◽  
Environmental Sustainability ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
N Uptake ◽  
Yield Response ◽  
Average Response ◽  
Nitrogen And Phosphorus ◽  
N Yield ◽  
P Fertilizer

Assessment of the long-term impact of fertilizers and other management factors on crop production and environmental sustainability of cropping systems in the semi-arid Canadian prairies is needed. This paper discusses the long-term influence of N and P fertilizers on crop production, N uptake and water use of hard red spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), and the effect of the preceding crop type [flax (Linum usitatissimum L.) and fall rye (Secale cereale L.)] on wheat grown on a medium-textured, Orthic Brown Chernozem at Swift Current, Saskatchewan. We analysed 36 yr of results (1967–2002) from eight crop rotation-fertility treatments: viz., fallow-wheat receiving N and P (F-W, N + P), three F-W-W treatments fertilized with (i) N + P, (ii) P only, and (iii) N only; two other 3-yr mixed rotations with N + P (i) F-flax-W (F-Flx-W) and (ii) F-fall rye-W (F-Rye-W); and two continuous wheat rotations (Cont W), one receiving N + P and the other only P. Growing season weather conditions during the 36-yr period were near the long-term mean, but the first 22 yr were generally drier than normal while the last 14 yr (1989–2002) had average to above-average growing conditions. This was partly responsible for grain and N yield being greater in the latter period than in the first 22 yr. The 36-yr average response of wheat grown on fallow to P fertilizer was 339 kg ha-1, while the response to N fertilizer over this period was only 123 kg ha-1. The 36-yr average response of wheat grown on stubble to N was 344 kg ha-1 for F-W-(W) and 393 kg ha-1 for Cont W. Neither flax nor fall rye influenced the yield response of the following wheat crops. Annualized grain production for F-W (N + P), F-W-W (+ N) and F-W-W (+ P) rotations were similar (1130 kg ha-1 yr-1); this was about 15% lower than for F-W-W (N + P), 40% lower than for Cont W (N + P), and 5% lower than for Cont W (+ P). Annualized aboveground N yield for Cont W (N + P) was 57% higher than for Cont W (+ P). Regressions were developed relating straw to grain yields for wheat, flax and fall rye. The amount of NO3-N left in the soil was directly related to amount of N applied and inversely to N removed in the crop. Thus, F-(W)-W (+ N) left about 28% more NO3-N in the rooting zone than F-(W)-W (N + P), while F-W-(W) (N + P) left 20% more than F-W-(W) (+ P), and Cont W (N + P) left 39% more than Cont W (+ P). F-Rye-W (N + P) left much less NO3-N in the soil than any other fallow-containing system and similar amounts to Cont W (N + P). Key words: Yields, grain protein, N and P fertilizer, straw/grain regressions, water use, soil nitrate

scholarly journals Nutrients Use Efficiency and Uptake Characteristics of Panicum virgatum for Fodder Production

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 233
Author(s):  
Kyriakos Giannoulis ◽  
Dimitrios Bartzialis ◽  
Elpiniki Skoufogianni ◽  
Nicholaos Danalatos
Keyword(s):  
Nutrient Uptake ◽  
Panicum Virgatum ◽  
Biomass Yield ◽  
N Uptake ◽  
N Fertilization ◽  
N Recovery ◽  
Supplemental Irrigation ◽  
Recovery Fraction ◽  
Fodder Production ◽  
Use Efficiency

Panicum virgatum could produce cattle feed with lower costs due to the low input requirements and its perennial nature. Dry biomass yield vs. N-P-K nutrient uptake relations as well as the N-mineralization and the N-fertilization recovery fraction for Panicum virgatum (cv. Alamo) were determined under field conditions for four N-fertilization (0, 80, 160 and 240 kg ha-1) and two irrigation levels (0 and 250 mm), οn two soils in central Greece with rather different moisture status. It was found that the dry fodder yield on the aquic soil may reach 14 t ha-1 using supplemental irrigation; while on the xeric soil a lower yield of 9-10 t ha-1 may be produced only under supplemental irrigation. Moreover, the average N, P and K concentration was 1.3%, 0.14% and 1.3% in leaves, and 0.5%, 0.85%, and 1.5% in stems, respectively, showing the very low crop requirements. Furthermore, linear biomass yield-nutrient uptake relationships were found with high R2, pointing to nutrient use efficiency of 132 and 75 kg kg-1, for N and K respectively. The base N-uptake ranged from 71-74 kg ha-1 on the aquic to 60 kg ha-1 or less on the xeric soil. Finally, it was found that N-recovery fraction was 20% on the aquic soil and lower on the xeric. Therefore, it could be conclude that Panicum virgatum seems to be a very promising crop for fodder production and its introduction in land use systems (especially οn aquic soils of similar environments) should be taken into consideration.

scholarly journals Effect of 50 Years of No-Tillage, Stubble Retention, and Nitrogen Fertilization on Soil Respiration, Easily Extractable Glomalin, and Nitrogen Mineralization

Agronomy ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 151
Author(s):  
Pramod Jha ◽  
Kuntal M. Hati ◽  
Ram C. Dalal ◽  
Yash P. Dang ◽  
Peter M. Kopittke ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Respiration ◽  
N Mineralization ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
N Fertilization ◽  
N Fertilizer ◽  
N Availability ◽  
Soil Microbial ◽  
Stubble Retention ◽  
No Till

In subtropical regions, we have an incomplete understanding of how long-term tillage, stubble, and nitrogen (N) fertilizer management affects soil biological functioning. We examined a subtropical site managed for 50 years using varying tillage (conventional till (CT) and no-till (NT)), stubble management (stubble burning (SB) and stubble retention (SR)), and N fertilization (0 (N0), 30 (N30), and 90 (N90) kg ha−1 y−1) to assess their impact on soil microbial respiration, easily extractable glomalin-related soil protein (EEGRSP), and N mineralization. A significant three-way tillage × stubble × N fertilizer interaction was observed for soil respiration, with NT+SB+N0 treatments generally releasing the highest amounts of CO2 over the incubation period (1135 mg/kg), and NT+SR+N0 treatments releasing the lowest (528 mg/kg). In contrast, a significant stubble × N interaction was observed for both EEGRSP and N mineralization, with the highest concentrations of both EEGRSP (2.66 ± 0.86 g kg−1) and N mineralization (30.7 mg/kg) observed in SR+N90 treatments. Furthermore, N mineralization was also positively correlated with EEGRSP (R2 = 0.76, p < 0.001), indicating that EEGRSP can potentially be used as an index of soil N availability. Overall, this study has shown that SR and N fertilization have a positive impact on soil biological functioning.

Techniques to Predict Agricultural Droughts

2005 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zekai Şen
Keyword(s):  
Crop Yield ◽  
Satellite Data ◽  
Wheat Yield ◽  
Weather Variables ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Yield Model ◽  
Regression Techniques ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Effects Of Drought

In general, the techniques to predict drought include statistical regression, time series, stochastic (or probabilistic), and, lately, pattern recognition techniques. All of these techniques require that a quantitative variable be identified to define drought, with which to begin the process of prediction. In the case of agricultural drought, such a variable can be the yield (production per unit area) of the major crop in a region (Kumar, 1998; Boken, 2000). The crop yield in a year can be compared with its long-term average, and drought intensity can be classified as nil, mild, moderate, severe, or disastrous, based on the difference between the current yield and the average yield. Regression techniques estimate crop yields using yield-affecting variables. A comprehensive list of possible variables that affect yield is provided in chapter 1. Usually, the weather variables routinely available for a historical period that significantly affect the yield are included in a regression analysis. Regression techniques using weather data during a growing season produce short-term estimates (e.g., Sakamoto, 1978; Idso et al., 1979; Slabbers and Dunin, 1981; Diaz et al., 1983; Cordery and Graham, 1989; Walker, 1989; Toure et al., 1995; Kumar, 1998). Various researchers in different parts of the world (see other chapters) have developed drought indices that can also be included along with the weather variables to estimate crop yield. For example, Boken and Shaykewich (2002) modifed the Western Canada Wheat Yield Model (Walker, 1989) drought index using daily temperature and precipitation data and advanced very high resolution radiometer (AVHRR) satellite data. The modified model improved the predictive power of the wheat yield model significantly. Some satellite data-based variables that can be used to predict crop yield are described in chapters 5, 6, 9, 13, 19, and 28. The short-term estimates are available just before or around harvest time. But many times long-term estimates are required to predict drought for next year, so that long-term planning for dealing with the effects of drought can be initiated in time.

scholarly journals Optimizing The Utilization of FIlter Pressmud to Increase Plant Nutrient Uptake in The Production of Granule Compound Fertilizers

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Kasmadi Kasmadi ◽  
Budi Nugroho ◽  
Atang Sutandi ◽  
Syaiful Anwar
Keyword(s):  
Production Process ◽  
Nutrient Uptake ◽  
Organic Material ◽  
N Uptake ◽  
P Uptake ◽  
Positive Influence ◽  
Plant Nutrient ◽  
K Uptake ◽  
Plant Nutrient Uptake ◽  
Compound Fertilizer

Filter pressmud is the waste most considered to pollute the environment and is a problem for sugar factories and the community.  There is also an opinion that filter pressmud is worthless waste and considered as B3 waste.  Filter pressmud is an organic material with abundant and has not been used optimally.  Filter pressmud contains nutrients that are needed by plants, so it is very good for increasing the composition of nutrients in granule compound fertilizer.  The objectives to be achieved in this study are: to examine the effect of the addition of filter pressmud on the production process of granule compound fertilizer on plant nutrient uptake.  The results obtained, the addition of filler blotong 60% -90% in the treatment using SOP can increase N uptake by 84.93-384.18 mg, P uptake of 2.65-11.62 mg, and K uptake of 25.04-  82.38 mg.  Whereas the treatment using KCl had a positive influence on the addition of filler filter pressmud by 70%, with an increase in N, P and K nutrient uptake of 45.62 mg, 3.87 mg and 4.89 mg, respectively

Comparison of amendment with distillers’ grain versus urea on crop yield and nutrient uptake in a canola-wheat rotation in southern Saskatchewan

2014 ◽  
Vol 94 (8) ◽  
pp. 1513-1517
Author(s):  
Khaled D. Alotaibi ◽  
Jeff J. Schoenau
Keyword(s):  
Nutrient Uptake ◽  
Crop Yield ◽  
P Uptake ◽  
Land Application ◽  
Rapid Expansion ◽  
First Year ◽  
Single Application ◽  
Urea Treatment ◽  
Plant P Uptake ◽  
Distillers Grain

Alotaibi, K. D. and Schoenau, J. J. 2014. Comparison of amendment with distillers’ grain versus urea on crop yield and nutrient uptake in a canola-wheat rotation in southern Saskatchewan. Can. J. Plant Sci. 94: 1513–1517. A surplus of distillers’ grain resulting from rapid expansion in biofuel production has led to interest in finding alternative uses for this co-product, apart from its traditional use as an animal feed. Land application to agricultural soil in order to recycle the nutrients is one potential use. In this study we evaluated the effect of a single application of wet wheat distillers’ grain (WDG) on crop yield and nitrogen and phosphorus uptake in a 3-yr canola–wheat–canola rotation in southern Saskatchewan. The experimental treatments included a single application of WDG at a rate of 100 kg N ha−1 in comparison to urea applied at the same rate of N along with an unfertilized control. In the first year, WDG produced a canola yield of 1266 kg ha−1, which was significantly greater than the urea treatment. The WDG treatment resulted in increased plant N uptake that was 59% greater than the control, but was 20% less than that observed in the urea treatment, indicating that only a portion of the applied N in the WDG was available for recovery. Greater yield of WDG may be due to factors other than N. Both WDG and urea treatments had a significant effect on plant P uptake in the first year. The residual effect of WDG addition on crop parameters in the second and third years was mainly limited to enhancement of plant P uptake in second year. Overall, the WDG applied at the same rate of N was at least as effective as urea for increasing crop yield.

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