scholarly journals Decay Resistance and Color Change of Pine and Beech Wood Impregnated with R. Luteum and R. Ponticum Plant Extracts

2021 ◽  
Vol 72 (4) ◽  
pp. 353-363
Author(s):  
Huseyin Pelit ◽  
Ali Alkan ◽  
Mesut Yalcin
Keyword(s):  
Mass Loss ◽  
Copper Sulfate ◽  
Ferrous Sulfate ◽  
Aluminum Sulfate ◽  
Color Change ◽  
Concentration Level ◽  
Beech Wood ◽  
Decay Resistance ◽  
B Values ◽  
Yellow Color

In this study, the effect of impregnation with natural extracts on decay resistance and color change of pine and beech wood was analyzed. Flowers of Rhododendron luteum and Rhododendron ponticum plants were extracted according to the decoction method and aqueous solutions were prepared at different concentration levels (2 %, 4 % and 7 %). In addition, ferrous sulfate, copper sulfate and aluminum sulfate mordants were added to the solution to improve the properties of the extracts. Then the wood specimens were impregnated with the prepared solutions. The results indicated that the effect of plant species on the mass loss of specimens exposed to T. versicolor (white-rot fungus) was insignificant. Non-mordant extracts had a slight effect on the mass loss of the specimens. However, in pine and beech specimens impregnated with mordant-added (especially ferrous sulfate-added) extracts, mass loss was significantly reduced and resistance to fungal rot was almost completely achieved. The concentration level did not have a significant effect on the mass loss of specimens treated with mordant-added extracts. After impregnation, the L* value of all specimens (especially those treated with ferrous sulfate-added extracts) decreased and the specimens darkened. The a* and b* values increased in specimens treated with non-mordant and aluminum sulfate-added extracts and these specimens tend to have a red-yellow color. The a* value decreased and the b* value increased in wood specimens treated with copper sulfate-added extracts. The green-yellow color trend of these specimens increased. Both the a* and b* values of the specimens treated with ferrous sulfate-added extracts decreased and the green-blue color tendency increased in these specimens. The increase in the concentration level positively affected the determined color changes. The total color change (ΔE*) was higher in wood specimens (especially pine) treated with ferrous sulfate-added R. ponticum extracts.

scholarly journals Extraction and Concentration Comparison of Dyeing Behavior of Orange dye on Lyocell Fabric

2020 ◽  
pp. 13-18
Keyword(s):  
Copper Sulfate ◽  
Concentration Level ◽  
Orange Peel ◽  
Standard Technique ◽  
Ease Of Use ◽  
Natural Dyes ◽  
Color Fastness ◽  
B Values ◽  
Environmental Properties ◽  
Concentration Levels

Natural dyes are widely considered for their environmental properties and ease of use. In this study, Lyocell fabrics were dyed with natural dyes, extracted by peeling oranges, and evaluated comparatively based on color efficiency (K/S), CIE L*a*b* values, and fastness. Re-infer minerals using metal (II) sulfates and copper sulfate (II). In order to extract the dye, the standard technique of water extraction is used. The dyeing effect of Lyocell fabric was checked at 2% and 4% by the method of pre-immersion and post-immersion. The study found that this seasoning affects the efficiency of the color of the fabric dyed with orange peel. All dyed samples showed better, better color efficiency (K/S: 4.57) at 4% concentration levels during the post- mordanting processing (K/S: 4.57), color fastness of washing, light, and friction, and sweat. In general, the post- mordanting method at the 4% concentration level has a significant effect on color efficiency and color fastness characteristics.

Dyeing Silk with Tea Polyphenol

2012 ◽  
Vol 441 ◽  
pp. 83-87 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hong Fei Qian ◽  
Ping Zhu ◽  
Gang Bai ◽  
Yan Chun Liu
Keyword(s):  
Acid Medium ◽  
Ferrous Sulfate ◽  
Aluminum Sulfate ◽  
Color Change ◽  
Weak Acid ◽  
Metal Salts ◽  
Tea Polyphenol ◽  
Color Strength ◽  
Potassium Aluminum Sulfate ◽  
Color Depth

Tea polyphenol (TP) was used to dye silk by the post-mordanting method using three different metal salts as the mordant; ferrous sulfate, copper sulfate and potassium aluminum sulfate. The results were analyzed in terms of color strength (K/S value) and fastness characteristics as well as the influence of variables such as dyeing time, temperature and pH on the color depth of the dyed sample. A weak acid medium and a low dyeing temperature were found to be optimal for adsorption of TP when dyeing silk with TP. Comparing the color shade of dyed silk obtained with different metal salts as the mordant showed that ferrous sulfate gave the highest K/S value followed by copper and then aluminum. During the soaping colorfastness test, a relatively large color change was associated with increased color strength as well as non-staining of adjacent fibers.

scholarly journals Deposition of Zinc Oxide Coatings on Wood Surfaces Using the Solution Precursor Plasma Spraying Process

Coatings ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 183
Author(s):  
Ghiath Jnido ◽  
Gisela Ohms ◽  
Wolfgang Viöl
Keyword(s):  
Zinc Oxide ◽  
Ftir Spectroscopy ◽  
Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽  
Color Change ◽  
Uv Light ◽  
Beech Wood ◽  
Nitrate Solution ◽  
Ftir Spectra ◽  
Solution Precursor ◽  
Wood Surfaces

In the present work, the solution precursor plasma spray (SPPS) process was used to deposit zinc oxide (ZnO) coatings on wood surfaces using zinc nitrate solution as precursor to improve the hydrophobicity and the color stability of European beech wood under exposure to ultraviolet (UV) light. The surface morphology and topography of the wood samples and the coatings were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM). The formation of ZnO was detected with the help of X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. The FTIR spectra of the coated samples showed the typical Zn–O band at 445 cm−1. According to the XPS analysis, the coatings consist of two different Zn-containing species: ZnO and Zn(OH)2. Variation of the deposition parameters showed that the most significant parameters affecting the microstructure of the coating were the solution concentration, the deposition scan speed, and carrier gas flow rate. The wettability behaviors of the coated wood were evaluated by measuring the water contact angle (WCA). The coatings that completely covered the wood substrates showed hydrophobic behaviors. UV-protection of wood surfaces after an artificial UV light irradiation was evaluated by color measurements and FTIR spectroscopy. The ZnO-coated wood surfaces were more resistant to color change during UV radiation exposure. The total color change decreased up to 60%. Additionally, the FTIR spectra showed that the wood surfaces coated with ZnO had more stability. The carbonyl groups formation and C=C-bonds consumption were significantly lower.

scholarly journals DECAY RESISTANCE OF WEATHERED BEECH WOOD

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sebnem Sevil ARPACI ◽  
Merve CAMBAZOĞLU ◽  
Eylem DİZMAN TOMAK
Keyword(s):  
Beech Wood ◽  
Decay Resistance

scholarly journals COLOR CHANGE — MASS LOSS CORRELATION FOR HEAT-TREATED WOOD

2014 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
pp. 345-352 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cristina Marinela Olarescu ◽  
Mihaela Campean
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Mass Loss ◽  
Color Change ◽  
Treated Wood ◽  
Untreated Wood ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Assessment Procedure ◽  
Mathematical Correlation ◽  
Heat Treated ◽  
Two Parameters

Heat treatment is renowned as the most environmentally friendly process of dimensional stabilization that can be applied to wood, in order to make it suitable for outdoor uses. It also darkens wood color and improves wood durability. The intensity of heat treatment can be appreciated by means of two parameters: the color change occured in wood due to the high temperature, and the mass loss, which is a measure of the degree of thermal degradation. In order to find a mathematical correlation between these two parameters, an experimental study was conducted with four European wood species, which were heat-treated at 180°C and 200ºC, for 1-3 hours, under atmosheric pressure.The paper presents the results concerning the color changes and mass losses recorded for the heat-treated wood samples compared to untreated wood.  For all four species, the dependency between the color change and the mass loss was found to be best described by a logarithmic regression equation with R2 of 0.93 to 0.99 for the soft species (spruce, pine and lime), and R2 of 0.77 for beech. The results of this study envisage to simplify the assessment procedure of the heat treatment efficiency, by only measuring the color – a feature that is both convenient and cost-effective. 

scholarly journals Effect of Natural Resin from Wild Pistachio Trees on Physical Properties and Durability of Beech Wood

2020 ◽  
Vol 71 (4) ◽  
pp. 379-388
Author(s):  
Soheila Izadyar ◽  
Yaser Babaei ◽  
Davood Efhamisisi
Keyword(s):  
Physical Properties ◽  
Water Absorption ◽  
Synergistic Effects ◽  
Beech Wood ◽  
Combined Treatment ◽  
Decay Resistance ◽  
Wood Preservation ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Chemical Compositions ◽  
Pistachio Trees

This study was carried out to investigate the physical properties and decay resistance of beech wood treated with natural pistachio resin (PR) from Iranian wild pistachio trees (Pistacia atlantica), alone and in combination with boric acid (BA). Wood samples were impregnated with different concentration of PR dissolved in ethanol (3 to 20 %) with vacuum-pressure technology. The combination of PR (20 %) and BA (2 %) was also conducted to evaluate any interaction or synergistic effects. The water absorption, volumetric swelling, and decay resistance against Trametes versicolor fungi, before and after a leaching test (EN 84), were measured on treated and untreated samples. The chemical compositions of PR were also identified by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC-MS) techniques. The chemicals analysis identified more than 20 different compounds in the PR, monoterpenoids being the predominant fraction and α-pinene the major component. The samples treated with a higher concentration of PR showed much higher weight gain percentage (WG%). The results showed that the increase in WG% reduced the average values of water absorption and volumetric swelling of treated samples even after long terms of soaking in water. The decay resistance of the treated samples increased against white rotting fungi as the values of WG% increased. Efficient protection was seen when a combined treatment of PR and BA was used. Even after the leaching process, the weight loss of the treated samples was less than 3 percent. The samples treated with BA alone largely lost their effectiveness against fungal attack after the leaching. The use of PR along with an environmental friendly co-biocide can also be recommended for wood preservation in places that require minimal toxicity.

scholarly journals Resistance of thermally modified and pressurized hot water extracted Scots pine sapwood against decay by the brown-rot fungus Rhodonia placenta

2019 ◽  
Vol 78 (1) ◽  
pp. 161-171 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Altgen ◽  
Suvi Kyyrö ◽  
Olli Paajanen ◽  
Lauri Rautkari
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Mass Loss ◽  
Scots Pine ◽  
Elevated Temperatures ◽  
Brown Rot ◽  
Decay Resistance ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Decay Fungi ◽  
Effective Reduction ◽  
Cell Wall Porosity

AbstractThe thermal degradation of wood is affected by a number of process parameters, which may also cause variations in the resistance against decay fungi. This study compares changes in the chemical composition, water-related properties and decay resistance of Scots pine sapwood that was either thermally modified (TM) in dry state at elevated temperatures (≥ 185 °C) or treated in pressurized hot water at mild temperatures (≤ 170 °C). The thermal decomposition of easily degradable hemicelluloses reduced the mass loss caused by Rhodonia placenta, and it was suggested that the cumulative mass loss is a better indicator of an actual decay inhibition. Pressurized hot water extraction (HWE) did not improve the decay resistance to the same extent as TM, which was assigned to differences in the wood-water interactions. Cross-linking reactions during TM caused a swelling restraint and an effective reduction in moisture content. This decreased the water-swollen cell wall porosity, which presumably hindered the transport of degradation agents through the cell wall and/or reduced the accessibility of wood constituents for degradation agents. This effect was absent in hot water-extracted wood and strong decay occurred even when most hemicelluloses were already removed during HWE.

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