A national portrait of community forestry on public land in Canada

2006 ◽  
Vol 82 (3) ◽  
pp. 416-428 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sara Teitelbaum ◽  
Tom Beckley ◽  
Solange Nadeau
Keyword(s):  
Local Governments ◽  
Community Forestry ◽  
Local Governance ◽  
Nationwide Survey ◽  
Organizational Structures ◽  
Public Land ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Community Forests ◽  
Government Organizations ◽  
Basic Characteristics

Despite the interest community forestry generates, there is little published literature on the array of initiatives currently taking place across Canada. This paper presents the results of nationwide survey of community forestry initiatives on public land. The survey focused on basic characteristics such as objectives, organizational structures, and tenure types. The research revealed that there are over one hundred community forest initiatives currently taking place on public land, mainly in Ontario, Quebec, and British Columbia. Most of them are run through local government organizations. Approximately 60% operate on Crown land while the remaining 40% operate on land owned fee simple by local governments. The median land base is 4200 ha. The average age of community forests is 10 years. Key words: community forestry, community-based management, public participation, local governance, forest management organizations, Canada

Are community forestry principles at work in Ontario’s County, Municipal, and Conservation Authority forests?

2012 ◽  
Vol 88 (06) ◽  
pp. 697-707 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sara Teitelbaum ◽  
Ryan Bullock
Keyword(s):  
Community Forestry ◽  
Local Governance ◽  
Multiple Use ◽  
Community Forests ◽  
Governance Process ◽  
Unique Approach ◽  
Multiple Use Management ◽  
Forest Use ◽  
Local Government Management ◽  
Land Community

Ontario’s County, Municipal and Conservation Authority forests have received little attention within the academic literature on community forestry in Canada. These “Agreement Forests”, as they were once called, are a product of the early 20th century and have been under local government management since the 1990s. Most are situated in Southern Ontario. In this article we investigate the extent to which community forestry principles are at work in these forests. Three principles— participatory governance, local benefits and multiple forest use—are analyzed using a composite score approach derived from survey data collected from nearly all of these forest organizations (response rate = 80%). Results indicate that most of these organizations do display attributes associated with community forestry principles, including a local governance process, public participation activities, local employment and multiple-use management. Traditional forestry employment is less strong than in similar studies of Crown land community forests; however, there is an important emphasis on non-timber activities. The article concludes that the County, Municipal and Conservation Authority forests represents a unique approach, which reflects the specific geographic and socio-economic context in which it resides.

scholarly journals Facilitating deliberative governance: Innovations from Nepal's community forestry program – a case study in Karmapunya

2005 ◽  
Vol 81 (3) ◽  
pp. 403-408 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mani Ram Banjade ◽  
Hemant Ojha
Keyword(s):  
Community Forestry ◽  
Local Governance ◽  
Local Level ◽  
Participatory Action ◽  
Community Forests ◽  
Deliberative Processes ◽  
Deliberative Governance ◽  
External Facilitation ◽  
Forest User

This paper discusses the use of a deliberative approach to governance of environmental resources at the local-level. Used in conjunction with external facilitation, a deliberative approach to governance at the local-level can be used to build dialogue between diverse perspectives, interests, knowledge, and ideas of different stakeholders. A case study of a community forest user group (CFUG) in the central hills of Nepal is used to analyse the application of deliberative processes for promoting deliberative governance. The findings indicate that there is great potential for deliberative processes to make local governance of community forests more democratic and inclusive. Effective governance at the local-level can contribute to the creation of social equity and to the sustainable management of community forests. Key words: Nepal, deliberative democracy, community forestry, Participatory Action Research, external facilitation

scholarly journals Community Forests Ensuring Local Governance and Livelihood: A Case Study in Sunwal VDC, Nawalparasi, Nepal

2011 ◽  
pp. 33-42
Author(s):  
Devi Prasad Paudel
Keyword(s):  
Resource Management ◽  
Community Forestry ◽  
Local Governance ◽  
Household Survey ◽  
Social Needs ◽  
Forest Resource ◽  
Community Forests ◽  
Forest Resource Management ◽  
The Poor

This paper analyses local governance in forest resource management through people's participation and the ways it relates to the contribution in securing livelihood. This case study was conducted in Sunwal VDC of Western Tarai, Nepal, and information was collected through direct observation, household survey, key informant interview, focus group discussion and analysis of secondary information. It discusses a few examples of how the community forestry programme can be used as a means to promote participation of the women, the poor, disadvantaged and marginalized group in forest resource management, as well as enhancing livelihood and improving the forest resource management in their locality. It is found that though the community forestry programme has positive impacts, it faces several constraints and challenges. The results of the case study clearly indicate that community forestry processes must address the political, economic and social needs of the forest users, and also provide a neutral platform on which the poor and disadvantaged group can express their voices.The Geographical Journal of Nepal, Vol. 8-9, 2010-2011: 33-42

Local Elections and the Politics of Small-Scale Democracy

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Eric Oliver ◽  
Shang E. Ha ◽  
Zachary Callen
Keyword(s):  
Voter Turnout ◽  
Local Governments ◽  
Voting Behavior ◽  
Local Governance ◽  
Electoral Politics ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Local Elections ◽  
Daily Lives ◽  
Personal Connections ◽  
Community Ties

Local government is the hidden leviathan of American politics: it accounts for nearly a tenth of gross domestic product, it collects nearly as much in taxes as the federal government, and its decisions have an enormous impact on Americans' daily lives. Yet political scientists have few explanations for how people vote in local elections, particularly in the smaller cities, towns, and suburbs where most Americans live. Drawing on a wide variety of data sources and case studies, this book offers the first comprehensive analysis of electoral politics in America's municipalities. Arguing that current explanations of voting behavior are ill suited for most local contests, the book puts forward a new theory that highlights the crucial differences between local, state, and national democracies. Being small in size, limited in power, and largely unbiased in distributing their resources, local governments are “managerial democracies” with a distinct style of electoral politics. Instead of hinging on the partisanship, ideology, and group appeals that define national and state elections, local elections are based on the custodial performance of civic-oriented leaders and on their personal connections to voters with similarly deep community ties. Explaining not only the dynamics of local elections, Oliver's findings also upend many long-held assumptions about community power and local governance, including the importance of voter turnout and the possibilities for grassroots political change.

Analysis of changes in the organizational structure of municipal offices

Management ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 373-387
Author(s):  
Joanna Snopko
Keyword(s):  
Local Government ◽  
Customer Service ◽  
Local Governments ◽  
Organizational Structures ◽  
Organisational Structure ◽  
Office Management ◽  
Organisational Structures ◽  
Partner Relations ◽  
Structural Solutions ◽  
Proper Performance

Abstract Organisational Structure of Municipal Offices - Key Determinats The multitude of tasks and problem issued faced by local governments necessitates their evolution towards improvement of the existing organisational structures. Comparison of the existing organisational structures of various municipal offices could create a misleading that their organizational structures do not undergo any transformations. In reality, the type of an organisational structure remains unchanged while its elements change very frequently. These changes are activated when, according to the office management, they do not ensure proper performance of tasks faced by local government administration and appropriate customer service. Also note that, in the applied solutions, there is a strive for perfection which can be noticed, in a sense. It expresses the concept that this is not a structure which can effectively play its role today and is prepared for challenges of tomorrow. However, the process of transformations has not developed any new solutions. To this end, the local government must develop organisational structures appropriate for identifying and reaching its objectives. For this reason, it’s worthwhile to consider solutions which combine elements of the existing and modern solutions or address new opportunities created by process-oriented structures. However, these transformations must, first and foremost, cause a transformation of bureaucratic-style municipal offices into modern organisations which apply modern methods of management. These are organisations which introduce deep-reaching organisational changes, i.e. transform their hierarchic interorganisational relations into more partner relations and transform their structural solutions into more flexible solutions as well as change their employees’ way of thinking. Without such transformations in local government, municipal offices will be still referred to as bureaucracy and civil servants as bureaucrats.

Legal and regulative foundation of securing the development of consolidated territorial communities in conditions of decentralization

2019 ◽  
pp. 16-19
Author(s):  
Oryslava Korkuna ◽  
Ivan Korkuna ◽  
Oleh Tsilnyk
Keyword(s):  
Development Strategy ◽  
Local Governments ◽  
Local Governance ◽  
Legal Regulation ◽  
Major Elements ◽  
The Development Strategy ◽  
Social Entity ◽  
European Standards ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
State Regional

Development of a territorial community requires efficient use of its capacity taking into account all possible aspects in the course of elaboration and implementation of the development strategy and other local legal and regulative documents. The approach is directly related to maintaining the living activity of a territorial community and should correspond to the interests of population and European standards of state regional policy. In addition to the definition of a community provided by the Law of Ukraine “On Local Governance in Ukraine”, there are also some other. For example, some authors understand territorial community as a single natural and social entity that operates in spatial boundaries of a state and realizes daily needs and interests of population. The paper aims to analyze legal and regulative foundation of the development of territorial communities in conditions of decentralization. The authors analyze current condition of legal and regulative maintenance of local governance reforming in Ukraine in conditions of decentralization of authorities. The paper argues that the major elements of management strategy in CTCs in Ukraine are independence, efficiency, management innovations, quicker and more substantiated decision-making and everything to meet the needs of community’s residents. Management of this sector is grounded on the principles of the provisions of European Charter of Local Self-Government that provides for decentralization of authorities and transfer of resources and responsibilities to local governments. Liabilities of local governments (of consolidated territorial communities) and the mayors are analyzed. The authors prove that in general legal provision of decentralization of local governance corresponds to European requirements and creates reliable ground for practical stage of the reform. The list of issues that require further legal regulation is outlined.

Concept and components of the financial-investment maintenance of local governance

2020 ◽  
pp. 100-112
Author(s):  
Zenoviy Siryk
Keyword(s):  
Social Services ◽  
Local Governments ◽  
Local Governance ◽  
Local Level ◽  
National Standards ◽  
Investment Policy ◽  
Financial Resources ◽  
Financial Investment ◽  
Balanced Development ◽  
And Function

The issues related to the management of financial resources of territorial communities, financial independence of local governments and forming of efficient financial-investment policy to secure the balanced development of local communities and territories become of utmost importance in conditions of financial decentralization and administrative-territorial reform in Ukraine. The problem issues concerning the forming of financial-investment maintenance of local governance directly impact the capacity of a territorial community that should have financial, material, and other resources in the volumes sufficient to completely accomplish the tasks and function of local governments and provide social services to the population at the level stipulated by national standards. The forming of financial-investment maintenance of local governance is revealed to be directly influencing the capacity of a territorial community that should have financial, material, and other resources in the volumes sufficient to completely accomplish the tasks and function of local governments and provide social services to the population. The expansion of local governments’ competences and granting them greater independence are substantiated to be requiring more responsibility in the financial-investment policy implementation on the local level, forming of conditions to perform the economic activity, and develop businesses by all economic entities, and promoting favorable investment climate in the region. Based on the analysis of approaches to the definition of the nature of “financial maintenance” and “investment maintenance” in the context of the peculiarities of local governments’ activity, the paper suggests understanding the “financial-investment maintenance of local governance” as a set of opportunities and activities on distribution and use of financial resources and territories’ resources for the creation of conditions necessary for the efficient functioning of local governments and realization of their competences.

scholarly journals Tu1497 NATIONWIDE SURVEY OF HELICOBACTER PYLORI ANTIBIOTIC RESISTANCE IN HIGH PREVALENCE OF GASTRIC CANCER COUNTRY (BHUTAN): A LARGE-SCALE COMMUNITY-BASED STUDY

2020 ◽  
Vol 91 (6) ◽  
pp. AB591-AB592
Author(s):  
Ratha-Korn Vilaichone ◽  
Natsuda Aumpan ◽  
Tomohisa Uchida ◽  
Thawee Ratanachu-ek ◽  
Lotay Tshering ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gastric Cancer ◽  
Helicobacter Pylori ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Nationwide Survey ◽  
Community Based ◽  
High Prevalence

The funding and organization of infection control in NHS hospital trusts: a study of infection control professionals' views

2003 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 71-84 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Croxson ◽  
P. Allen ◽  
J. A. Roberts ◽  
K. Archibald ◽  
S. Crawshaw ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Infection Control ◽  
Nationwide Survey ◽  
Organizational Structures ◽  
Hospital Infection ◽  
Hospital Acquired Infection ◽  
Hospital Infection Control ◽  
Complex Picture ◽  
Ward Level ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Hospital Acquired

The problems associated with hospital-acquired infection have been causing increasing concern in England in recent years. This paper reports the results of a nationwide survey of hospital infection control professionals' views concerning the organizational structures used to manage and obtain funding for control of infection. A complex picture with significant variation between hospitals emerges. Although government policy dictates that specific funding for hospital infection control is formally made available, it is not always the case that infection control professionals have adequate resources to undertake their roles. In some cases this reflects the failure of hospitals' infection control budgetary mechanisms; in others it reflects the effects of decentralizing budgets to directorate or ward level. Some use was made of informal mechanisms either to supplement or to substitute for the formal ones. But almost all infection control professionals still believed they were constrained in their ability to protect the hospital population from the risk of infectious disease. It is clear that recent government announcements that increased effort will be made to support local structures and thereby improve the control of hospital acquired infection are to be welcomed.

Local governance and the crisis of water and sanitation provision in medium-sized urban centres: Evidence from three cities in Nigeria

2021 ◽  
pp. 026909422110353
Author(s):  
Kayode J Samuel ◽  
Samuel B Agbola ◽  
Olorunfemi A Olojede
Keyword(s):  
Local Government ◽  
Local Governments ◽  
Local Governance ◽  
Water And Sanitation ◽  
Regulatory Frameworks ◽  
The People ◽  
Efficient Delivery ◽  
Essential Services ◽  
Effective Delivery ◽  
Basic Services

Local governance encompasses the involvement of local governments and other community-based organizations in participatory decision-making for efficient delivery of public services. In the developing world, however, the weakness of the local government and local governance has inhibited the efficient and effective delivery of these services. Relying on water and sanitation data and interviews of relevant officials, this study analyses the structure of governance of water supply and sanitation (WSS) at the community levels in selected medium-sized urban centres in Nigeria. Results showed that majority of the city dwellers lacked access to safe water and sanitation, an indication of convoluted, poorly regulated provision regimes and the waning capacity of local governments to galvanize local actions towards the efficient provision and management of these services at community levels. Multiple provision regimes, weak coordinating and regulatory frameworks characterize WSS governance. Further, the sub-national authorities’ encroachment on local government funds which deprived these tiers of government the resources they could have used in providing these essential services presents a major setback. Local governments require financial and constitutional autonomy to provide basic services to the people and supervise and coordinate the activities of other governmental and non-governmental actors involved in service provision.

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