Intensive biomass removals and site productivity in Canada: A review of relevant issues

2010 ◽  
Vol 86 (1) ◽  
pp. 36-42 ◽  
Author(s):  
Evelyne Thiffault ◽  
David Paré ◽  
Suzanne Brais ◽  
Brian D. Titus
Keyword(s):  
Forest Biomass ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Forest Harvesting ◽  
Process Models ◽  
Ecosystem Functions ◽  
Soil Productivity ◽  
Site Productivity ◽  
Biomass Removal ◽  
The World ◽  
The Impact

A renewed interest in the intensive harvesting of forest biomass as a source of bioenergy in North America raises concerns about the impacts that this practice may have on the maintenance of forest soil productivity. In Canada, such concerns were first voiced in the 1970s, and studies were launched to investigate and predict the impact of intensive forest biomass removal on site productivity. Most of these studies focused on static nutrient budgets. In Canada and around the world, more detailed process models were also developed to study carbon, nitrogen and base cation cycles under different forest harvesting intensities. However, the validity of modelling results is still constrained by our lack of knowledge on the capacity of ecosystems to supply nutrients. A few sets of field trials have been established in Canada to gather empirical data on the impact of biomass removal on soil nutrient reserves as well as on tree nutrition and growth. Although still fairly recent, these field trials, along with the older ones established in other countries with similar site conditions and climates, provide opportunities to refine our understanding of the resilience of ecosystem processes and of the impacts of intensive biomass removal on ecosystem functions. Although numerous knowledge gaps and questions remain, some jurisdictions around the world have nevertheless issued policy directives and developed guidelines for biomass harvesting. As described by the concept of adaptive forest management, ecological monitoring of harvesting operations, scientific field testing and modelling can all interact to produce better knowledge that could then help improve policy directives. Key words: bioenergy, biomass, intensive harvesting, environmental sustainability

scholarly journals Long-Term Soil Fertility and Site Productivity in Stem-Only and Whole-Tree Harvested Stands in Boreal Forest of Quebec (Canada)

Forests ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. 583
Author(s):  
Rock Ouimet ◽  
Louis Duchesne ◽  
Stéphane Tremblay
Keyword(s):  
Boreal Forest ◽  
Soil Depth ◽  
Mineral Soil ◽  
Forest Biomass ◽  
Forest Harvesting ◽  
Site Productivity ◽  
Productivity Indicators ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Whole Tree

Using residual biomass from forest harvesting to produce energy is viewed increasingly as a means to reduce fossil fuel consumption. However, the impact such practices on soil and future site productivity remains a major concern. We revisited 196 forest plots that were subject to either whole-tree (WTH) or stem-only (SOH) harvesting 30 years ago in the boreal forest in Quebec, Canada. Plots were stratified by four soil regions grouped by so-called ‘soil provinces’. Soil analyses indicated that after 30 years, the forest floor of WTH sites had smaller pools of N (−8%), exchangeable Ca (−6%) and exchangeable Mn (−21%) and a higher C/N ratio (+12%) than that of SOH sites. Mineral soil responses to the two harvesting intensities differed among soil provinces. In the two coarse-textured granitic soil provinces, organic matter, organic carbon, and nitrogen pools over the whole solum (0–60 cm soil depth) were at least 28% smaller after WTH than after SOH. Site productivity indicators followed differences between soils and were lower after WTH than after SOH in the two granitic soil provinces. The study shows that soil characteristics greatly influence a soil’s sensitivity to increased forest biomass harvesting in the long term.

The impact of farmers’ participation in field trials in creating awareness and stimulating compliance with the World Health Organization’s farm-based multiple-barrier approach

2015 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 1059-1079 ◽  
Author(s):  
Owusu Amponsah ◽  
Vigre Håkan ◽  
Torben Wilde Schou ◽  
Imoro Braimah ◽  
Robert Clement Abaidoo
Keyword(s):  
Field Trials ◽  
World Health ◽  
The World ◽  
The Impact

Stumping trials in British Columbia — organic matter removal and compaction effects on tree growth from seedlings to midrotation stands

2014 ◽  
Vol 44 (11) ◽  
pp. 1402-1418 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charlotte E. Norris ◽  
Karen E. Hogg ◽  
Doug G. Maynard ◽  
Mike P. Curran
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Quality ◽  
Tree Growth ◽  
Forest Biomass ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Organic Matter Removal ◽  
Biomass Removal ◽  
The Given ◽  
Different Levels

There is considerable interest in understanding the repercussions of compaction and organic matter removal on soil quality and forest productivity. However, long-term field trials examining the effects of machinery and forest biomass removal on soil quality and stand regeneration are scarce. We present 20–31 years of tree growth results from four unique stump removal field trials. Each site had both treatments with varying amounts of organic matter removal (from tree stem harvesting to removal of tree stumps to loss of roots) and treatments with different levels of compaction due to site preparation machinery. Tree heights among the different treatments at midrotation were the same or taller than those with minimal organic matter removal and compaction. However, when stand development was evaluated using the quantity of tree volume for the given number of trees planted, treatment effects were clearly evident; tree volumes were significantly lower in compacted treatments, whereas organic matter removal did not appear to effect stand production. Although the sites were not directly comparable, when combined, the field trials provide insights to the possible implications of forest biomass harvesting on stand regeneration and overall forest soil quality.

scholarly journals Insights into rainfall undercatch for differing raingauge rim heights

2019 ◽  
Vol 50 (6) ◽  
pp. 1564-1576 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katie Muchan ◽  
Harry Dixon
Keyword(s):  
Ground Surface ◽  
Ground Level ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
The World ◽  
The Common ◽  
Operational Practices ◽  
South East England ◽  
The Uk ◽  
A Site ◽  
The Impact

Abstract The measurement of rainfall has a long history, but despite its apparent simplicity it is difficult to quantify accurately. The common installation of raingauges with rims above the ground surface results in a difference between the rainfall caught and the amount reaching ground level, termed undercatch. The UK standard installation of raingauges is for their rim to be sited at 0.305 m above the ground; however, the use of weighing gauges installed at a minimum rim height of 1 m has increased in recent years. The installation of these weighing raingauges raises complex questions of homogeneity in rainfall data across space and time. Here, we investigate the impact of these changes using field trials of commonly deployed UK raingauges at a site in south-east England. This paper discusses the results of the trial, exploring the variation in and potential drivers of undercatch with differing gauge sitings. With varying standards for gauge heights around the world and new rainfall measurement technologies coming to the market all the time, improved understanding of undercatch is needed to inform evolving operational practices and explore the possibility of developing catch correction algorithms to remove arising inhomogeneity in precipitation datasets.

Exploring the World Trade Organisation's Trade and Environment/Public Health Jurisprudence as a Model for Incorporating a Trade–Labour Linkage into the Organisation's Multilateral Trade Regime: Should African Countries Accept a Policy Shift?

2017 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-65
Author(s):  
Tapiwa V. Warikandwa ◽  
Patrick C. Osode
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Developing Countries ◽  
World Trade ◽  
African Countries ◽  
Trade Regime ◽  
Multilateral Trade ◽  
Appellate Body ◽  
The World ◽  
Labour Standards ◽  
The Impact

The incorporation of a trade-labour (standards) linkage into the multilateral trade regime of the World Trade Organisation (WTO) has been persistently opposed by developing countries, including those in Africa, on the grounds that it has the potential to weaken their competitive advantage. For that reason, low levels of compliance with core labour standards have been viewed as acceptable by African countries. However, with the impact of WTO agreements growing increasingly broader and deeper for the weaker and vulnerable economies of developing countries, the jurisprudence developed by the WTO Panels and Appellate Body regarding a trade-environment/public health linkage has the potential to address the concerns of developing countries regarding the potential negative effects of a trade-labour linkage. This article argues that the pertinent WTO Panel and Appellate Body decisions could advance the prospects of establishing a linkage of global trade participation to labour standards without any harm befalling developing countries.

Modernism, Empiricism, and Rationalism

2016 ◽  
Vol 46 (1) ◽  
pp. 38-47
Author(s):  
Geoffrey Squires
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
The Other ◽  
Modern Poetry ◽  
Philosophical Perspective ◽  
Irish Poetry ◽  
Dimensional Spectrum ◽  
Culture History ◽  
The World ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Rule Out

Modernism is usually defined historically as the composite movement at the beginning of the twentieth century which led to a radical break with what had gone before in literature and the other arts. Given the problems of the continuing use of the concept to cover subsequent writing, this essay proposes an alternative, philosophical perspective which explores the impact of rationalism (what we bring to the world) on the prevailing empiricism (what we take from the world) of modern poetry, which leads to a concern with consciousness rather than experience. This in turn involves a re-conceptualisation of the lyric or narrative I, of language itself as a phenomenon, and of other poetic themes such as nature, culture, history, and art. Against the background of the dominant empiricism of modern Irish poetry as presented in Crotty's anthology, the essay explores these ideas in terms of a small number of poets who may be considered modernist in various ways. This does not rule out modernist elements in some other poets and the initial distinction between a poetics of experience and one of consciousness is better seen as a multi-dimensional spectrum that requires further, more detailed analysis than is possible here.

Mechanisms of liver damage in COVID-19

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (19) ◽  
pp. 39-46
Author(s):  
T. V. Pinchuk ◽  
N. V. Orlova ◽  
T. G. Suranova ◽  
T. I. Bonkalo
Keyword(s):  
Hepatocellular Carcinoma ◽  
Liver Transplantation ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Liver Disease ◽  
Liver Function ◽  
Liver Damage ◽  
The World ◽  
Coronavirus Infection ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Analyze Data

At the end of 2019, a new coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) was discovered in China, causing the coronavirus infection COVID-19. The ongoing COVID-19 pandemic poses a major challenge to health systems around the world. There is still little information on how infection affects liver function and the significance of pre-existing liver disease as a risk factor for infection and severe COVID-19. In addition, some drugs used to treat the new coronavirus infection are hepatotoxic. In this article, we analyze data on the impact of COVID-19 on liver function, as well as on the course and outcome of COVID-19 in patients with liver disease, including hepatocellular carcinoma, or those on immunosuppressive therapy after liver transplantation.

Introduction

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
George E. Dutton
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Vantage Point ◽  
15Th Century ◽  
The World ◽  
Catholic Mission ◽  
Historical Moment ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Main Figure

This chapter introduces the book’s main figure and situates him within the historical moment from which he emerges. It shows the degree to which global geographies shaped the European Catholic mission project. It describes the impact of the Padroado system that divided the world for evangelism between the Spanish and Portuguese crowns in the 15th century. It also argues that European clerics were drawing lines on Asian lands even before colonial regimes were established in the nineteenth century, suggesting that these earlier mapping projects were also extremely significant in shaping the lives of people in Asia. I argue for the value of telling this story from the vantage point of a Vietnamese Catholic, and thus restoring agency to a population often obscured by the lives of European missionaries.

ANALISIS DETERMINAN KUALITAS LINGKUNGAN PERIODE 1999-2013

2016 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-20
Author(s):  
Ersalina Tang
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Direct Investment ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Gross Domestic Product ◽  
Co2 Emissions ◽  
Direct Investment ◽  
Meat Consumption ◽  
Domestic Product ◽  
World Data ◽  
The World ◽  
The Impact

The purpose of this study is to analyze the impact of Foreign Direct Investment, Gross Domestic Product, Energy Consumption, Electric Consumption, and Meat Consumption on CO2 emissions of 41 countries in the world using panel data from 1999 to 2013. After analyzing 41 countries in the world data, furthermore 17 countries in Asia was analyzed with the same period. This study utilized quantitative approach with Ordinary Least Square (OLS) regression method. The results of 41 countries in the world data indicates that Foreign Direct Investment, Gross Domestic Product, Energy Consumption, and Meat Consumption significantlyaffect Environmental Qualities which measured by CO2 emissions. Whilst the results of 17 countries in Asia data implies that Foreign Direct Investment, Energy Consumption, and Electric Consumption significantlyaffect Environmental Qualities. However, Gross Domestic Product and Meat Consumption does not affect Environmental Qualities.

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