scholarly journals Surveillance results of communicable swine diseases in breeding pig farms near Ulaanbaatar city

2020 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 56-63
Author(s):  
Bayarmaa Sukhbaatar ◽  
Amartuvshin Tsolmon ◽  
Shurenchimeg Badamjav ◽  
Gantumur Tsedee ◽  
Erdenebat Bulgan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
African Swine Fever ◽  
Classical Swine Fever ◽  
Elisa Test ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Respiratory Syndrome Virus ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Prophylactic Measures ◽  
Pig Farms ◽  
Swine Diseases

We have done laboratory-based analyses of highly contagious and infectious swine diseases commonly occurring in household and pig farms on 200 swine serum samples collected from Bayanzurkh, Songinokhairkhan, Nalaikh, Khan-Uul district of Ulaanbaatar city, to establish the rate of infection, to gather information on farming and bio-security, to further detect this infectious diseases, for the purpose of risk assessment and preventive research.  According to ELISA test results Classical swine fever 27 (13.5%), Parvovirus 50 (25%), Influenza 16 (8%), Circovirus 112 (56%) samples had shown positive results. Presence of classical swine fever antibody in 27/200 samples are reaction of vaccine immunization.  Also antibody presence of Swine parvovirus, Influenza, circovirus in samples indicates necessity of make it clear that whether symptomless cases around farms.  But antibody absence of porcine food and mouth disease, porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus, swine mycoplasmosis transmissible gastro-enteritis, coronovirus, leptospirosis, brucellosis indicates such disease free in farms. Antibody absence of African swine fever done by surveillance this time shows no further infection however it was occurred in Mongolia early in 2019.  Fundamental surveying is a key tool for monitoring health status of pig farm and formulating eradication program for swine infectious diseases as well as help farmers prevent economic losses by implementing prophylactic measures against sudden cases of such diseases. Thus we suggest that above mentioned surveillance study need to be continued as a tool for monitoring because of it is importance of keep pig farmers sustainable, furthermore crucial for nation`s economy. Улаанбаатар хотын ойролцоо үржүүлж буй гахайд зонхилон тохиолдох халдварт өвчнүүдийг тандан судалсан дүн Улаанбаатар хотын Баянзүрх, Налайх, Сонгинохайрхан, Хан-Уул зэрэг 4 дүүргийн өрхийн болон аж ахуйн гахайд зонхилон тохиолддог гоц болон халдварт өвчнүүдийн лабораторид суурилсан шинжилгээг хийх, халдварлалтын түвшинг тогтоох, аж ахуй эрхлэлт, биоаюулгүй байдлын талаар мэдээлэл цуглуулах, цаашид халдварт өвчнийг эрт илрүүлэх, эрсдэлийг үнэлэх, урьдчилан сэргийлэх судалгааны ажлын зорилгын хүрээнд нийт 200 дээжинд эсрэгбием илрүүлэх ЭЛИЗА урвалаар шинжилгээг хийхэд гахайн сонгомол мялзан 27 (13.5%), парвовирус 50 (25%), томуу 16 (8%), цирковирус 112 (56%) дээж эерэг дүн үзүүлэв. Гахайн сонгомол мялзан өвчний эсрэгбием (27/200) илэрсэн нь урьдчилан сэргийлэх зорилгоор тарьсан вакцины урвал юм. Гахайн парвовирус, гахайн томуу, гахайн цирковирус зэрэг өвчний вирусын эсрэгбием илэрч байгаа нь ил шинж тэмдэггүй, халдварын тархалт байгаа эсэхийг баталгаажуулах шаардлагатайг харуулж байна. Харин гахайн шүлхий, микоплазм, гахайн үржил, амьсгалын замын хам шинж, гахайн ходоод гэдэсний замын халдварт үрэвсэл, коронавирус, лептоспироз, бруцеллёз зэрэг өвчний эсрэгбием илрээгүй нь халдваргүйг харуулж байна. Гахайн африкийн мялзан өвчин Монгол оронд 2019 оны эхээр гарч байсан ч энэ удаагийн тандалтаар эсрэгбием илрээгүй нь өвчлөл дахиж гараагүй болохыг харуулж байна. Тандан судалгаа нь гахайн эрүүл мэндийг хянах, эрүүлжүүлэх хөтөлбөрийг боловсруулах гахайн аж ахуйд тохиолдох эдийн засгийн болзошгүй эрсдэлээс урьдчилан хянахад чухал ач холбогдолтой.  Тиймээс энэхүү суурь судалгааг жил бүр тогтмол хийх нь гахайн аж ахуйг тогтвортой байлгах төдийгүй улс орны эдийн засагт чухал ач холбогдолтой тул гахайн эрүүл мэндийг хянах зорилгоор үргэлжлүүлэн хийж байх шаардлагатай байна. Түлхүүр үг: Гахайн халдварт өвчнүүд, ЭЛИЗА, тандан судалгаа, эсрэгбием

scholarly journals Prevalence of Porcine Pseudorabies Virus and Its Coinfection Rate in Heilongjiang Province in China from 2013 to 2018

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Han Zhou ◽  
Yan Pan ◽  
Mengda Liu ◽  
Zifeng Han
Keyword(s):  
Pseudorabies Virus ◽  
Classical Swine Fever ◽  
Porcine Circovirus ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Respiratory Syndrome Virus ◽  
Heilongjiang Province ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Tissue Samples ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Pig Farms

Abstract Background Pseudorabies (PR) is a highly contagious disease affecting a wide range of animals worldwide, which causes great annual economic losses in China. In this study, a total number of 18815 serum samples and 1589 tissue samples were tested by ELISA and PCR, which were collected from 311 intensive pig farms (≥350 sows) located in eight cities in Heilongjiang province. Results Overall, 16.3% and 84.5% serum samples were positive for gE- and gB-specified ELISA, respectively. 17.8% of tissue samples were shown as PCR positive for PRV. The co-infection rates of PRV with porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV), porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2), and classical swine fever virus (CSFV) were measured. The rate of PRV co-infected with PRRSV was 36.0% followed by 12.9% with PCV2 and 1.8% with CSFV, respectively. Conclusions These results clearly demonstrate PRV prevalence and its coinfection rate in Heilongjiang province indicating high PR endemic in pig farms in this region. This study provides data for further epidemiological investigations and a reference for developing PRV control strategies in this region and in China.

scholarly journals Serodynamic Analysis of the Piglets Born from Sows Vaccinated with Modified Live Vaccine or E2 Subunit Vaccine for Classical Swine Fever

Pathogens ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 427 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yi-Chia Li ◽  
Ming-Tang Chiou ◽  
Chao-Nan Lin
Keyword(s):  
Detection Rate ◽  
Time Window ◽  
Classical Swine Fever ◽  
Significant Negative Correlation ◽  
Live Vaccine ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Respiratory Syndrome Virus ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Modified Live Vaccine

Classical swine fever (CSF) caused by the CSF virus (CSFV) is one of the most important swine diseases, resulting in huge economic losses to the pig industry worldwide. Systematic vaccination is one of the most effective strategies for the prevention and control of this disease. Two main CSFV vaccines, the modified live vaccine (MLV) and the subunit E2 vaccine, are recommended. In Taiwan, CSF cases have not been reported since 2006, although systemic vaccination has been practiced for 70 years. Here, we examined the sero-dynamics of the piglets born from sows that received either the CSFV MLV or the E2 vaccine and investigated in the field the correlation between the porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) loads and levels of CSFV antibody. A total of 1398 serum samples from 42 PRRSV-positive farms were evaluated to determine the PRRSV loads by real-time PCR and to detect CSFV antibody levels by commercial ELISA. Upon comparing the two sow vaccination protocols (CSFV MLV vaccination at 4 weeks post-farrowing versus E2 vaccination at 4–5 weeks pre-farrowing), the lowest levels of CSFV antibody were found in piglets at 5–8 and 9–12 weeks of age for the MLV and E2 groups, respectively. Meanwhile, the appropriate time window for CSFV vaccination of offspring was at 5–8 and 9–12 weeks of age in the MLV and E2 groups, respectively. There was a very highly significant negative correlation between the PRRSV load and the level of CSFV antibody in the CSFV MLV vaccination group (P < 0.0001). The PRRSV detection rate in the pigs from the MLV group (27.78%) was significantly higher than that in pigs from the E2 group (21.32%) (P = 0.011). In addition, there was a significant difference (P = 0.019) in the PRRSV detection rate at 5–8 weeks of age between the MLV (42.15%) and E2 groups (29.79%). Our findings indicate that the vaccination of CSFV MLV in piglets during the PRRSV susceptibility period at 5–8 weeks of age may be overloading the piglet’s immune system and should be a critical concern for industrial pork production in the field.

scholarly journals Seroprevalences of classical swine fever virus and porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus in pigs in Hunan Province, China

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Haoyang Yu ◽  
Luhua Zhang ◽  
Yunfeng Cai ◽  
Tao Peng ◽  
Lei Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Average Rate ◽  
Classical Swine Fever ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Hunan Province ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Respiratory Syndrome Virus ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Swine Industry ◽  
Effective Prevention

Abstract Background: Classical swine fever (CSF) and porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS) are responsible for major economic losses and represent a threat to the swine industry worldwide. Routine surveillance serology for CSF and PRRS will be critical to maintain the health status of sow farms in Hunan Province, which is one of the top pig production provinces in China.The objective of our study was to investigate the seroprevalence of CSF virus (CSFV) and PRRS virus (PRRSV) in Hunan Province from 2017 to 2019 using ELISA. The cohort pig serum samples were collected from vaccinated and unvaccinated sow farms in eight cities in Hunan Province. Results: CSFV and PRRSV seropositivity showed significant differences among parts of Hunan Province in China. Interestingly, our findings show that the level of CSFV antibody in piglet sera decreases gradually with increasing piglet age, whereas PRRSV-specific antibodies may appear in various growth stages in unvaccinated animals. Meanwhile, the average rate of CSFV antibody seropositivity was 82.2%, while the rate of PRRSV antibody seropositivity was slightly higher (84.4%) in the immunized group.Conclusions: The results from this study suggest that a serological investigation of these two major infectious diseases (CSF and PRRS) among pigs at various growth stages will provide a basis for the further development of more effective prevention and control measures.

scholarly journals Seroprevalences of Classical Swine Fever Virus and Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus in Pigs in Hunan Province, China

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Haoyang Yu ◽  
Luhua Zhang ◽  
Yunfeng Cai ◽  
Tao Peng ◽  
Lei Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Classical Swine Fever Virus ◽  
Classical Swine Fever ◽  
Fever Virus ◽  
Central China ◽  
Hunan Province ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Respiratory Syndrome Virus ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Growth Stages

Abstract Background: Several infectious diseases including classical swine fever (CSF) and porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS) are responsible for major economic losses and represent a threat to the swine industry worldwide. Hunan is a province in south-central China, serological statistics will have certain effect on local breeding industry.The present study investigated the seroprevalences of classical swine fever virus (CSFV) and porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) in pigs from eight cities of Hunan province from 2017 to 2019. The samples were divided into two groups based on whether the hosts were immunized or not, and analysed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).Results: The seropositivity of CSFV and PRRSV between different parts of Hunan province in China was statistically significant. In unvaccinated group, our findings showed CSFV antibody in piglets' sera decreases gradually with increase of piglets' age whereas PRRSV-specific antibodies may appear in various growth stages. In immunized group, the average seropositive rate of CSFV antibody was 82.2%, while the rate of PRRSV antibody was relatively higher (84.4%).Conclusions: Results from this study suggested that a serological investigation on these two major infectious diseases (CSF and PRRS) among various growth stages of pigs will provide a basis for further development of more effective preventions and control measures.

scholarly journals A novel multi-epitope recombinant protein for diagnosis of African swine fever

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
ZHAN GAO ◽  
JUNJUN SHAO ◽  
GUANGLEI ZHANG ◽  
SUDAN GE ◽  
YANYAN CHANG ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Recombinant Protein ◽  
African Swine Fever Virus ◽  
Expression System ◽  
African Swine Fever ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Sds Page ◽  
Prokaryotic Expression System ◽  
Swine Diseases

Abstract Background: African swine fever(ASF) is an acute, severe and highly fatal infectious disease of pigs. The disease spreads rapidly, causing huge economic losses to the pig industry in infected areas. The structural proteins p30 and p54 in African swine fever virus(ASFV) have been verified as diagnostic antigens.Methods: In this study, we constructed a novel multi-epitope fusion antigen gene based on P30 and P54 proteins, induced expression in a prokaryotic expression system and analyzed the reactivity of the recombinant fusion protein. The purified recombinant protein m35 was used as the coating antigen to establish an indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) detection method for ASFV. 116 serum samples and positive sera of other swine diseases were detected by indirect ELISA.Results: Our results indicate that the m35 gene fragment with a length of 558bp was successfully constructed. SDS-PAGE and Western Blotting analysis showed that the protein had a band at 22kDa, proving its good reactogenicity. ROC analysis was performed to validate the assay, the area under the ROC curve is 0.9738 (95% confidence interval, 0.9336 to 1.014), and does not cross-react with other swine diseases.Conclusion: Our results show that its sensitivity and specificity were highly accurate. It is feasible to use this recombinant protein as a diagnostic antigen to distinguish ASFV infection.

scholarly journals Lack of evidence of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) infection in domestic swine in Brazil

2004 ◽  
Vol 34 (2) ◽  
pp. 449-455 ◽  
Author(s):  
Janice Reis Ciacci-Zanella ◽  
Cristiano Trombetta ◽  
Ildara Vargas ◽  
Denise Euclydes Mariano da Costa
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Material ◽  
Elisa Test ◽  
Respiratory Syndrome Virus ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Viral Isolation ◽  
Culture Cells ◽  
Commercial Kits ◽  
Swine Herds ◽  
Domestic Swine

This report describes the first prevalence of antibodies and experimental inoculation of suspected samples of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) from ELISA positive pigs from swine herds in Brazil. Based on the hypothesis that this agent is present in swine herds worldwide, the objective of this work was to establish a diagnostic methodology and to investigate the occurrence of PRRSV in Brazilian swine herds. Fifty-four swine herds, the total number which imported genetic material (live pigs or swine semen) from countries where PRRS was endemic from 1990 to December 2000, from eight Brazilian States all included in this study. The sampling used was such as to detect a prevalence of infection of 5%, with a confidence level of 95%. A total of 3785 serum samples were tested for PRRSV antibodies by ELISA. Following the ELISA test, which was performed with two different commercial kits, all serum positive pigs were retested, examined and additional materials were collected. Viral isolation in permissive tissue culture cells and swine bioassays were performed. Additionally, reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and nested RT-PCR were also performed. We could not demonstrate the presence of PRRSV or RNA of PRRSV by viral isolation or RT-PCR (or nested RT-PCR), respectively in all of the analyzed samples. Furthermore, the pigs inoculated with PRRSV suspicion samples did not seroconvert nor produce characteristic PRRS lesions in the swine bioassay. Thus, our results indicate no evidence of PRRSV in the samples analyzed from swine herds in this study.

scholarly journals Simulated detection of syndromic classical swine fever on a Finnish pig-breeding farm

2006 ◽  
Vol 135 (2) ◽  
pp. 218-227 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. M. RAULO ◽  
T. LYYTIKÄINEN
Keyword(s):  
Early Detection ◽  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Health Problem ◽  
General Health ◽  
Rapid Detection ◽  
Classical Swine Fever ◽  
Detection Time ◽  
Infected Farm ◽  
Pig Farms

Although Finland has not experienced a classical swine fever (CSF) epidemic since 1917, the concern about early detection is relevant. The time until detection of CSF on a pig-breeding farm was predicted by simulation, and earlier detection of CSF-infected farms was assessed. Eight to 12 weeks will pass before CSF is detected on a Finnish pig-breeding farm, which resembles detection of the index farm for actual CSF epidemics in Europe. Although notification of suspected CSF on the infected farm accelerates detection the most, interventions aimed at promoting investigations of the general health problem noticed on the farm, or a more comprehensive testing of samples currently arriving from pig farms to the investigating laboratory could shorten detection time by 3 weeks. Results are applicable for further simulation of an event of a CSF epidemic in Finland, and for studying contingency options to promote more rapid detection of infectious diseases of swine not found at present in the country.

scholarly journals Genomic Analysis of a Highly Pathogenic Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus Circulating in Pig Farms in West China

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (27) ◽  
Author(s):  
Chenyu Zhang ◽  
Hu Shan ◽  
Jianxin Wen
Keyword(s):  
Genomic Analysis ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Respiratory Syndrome Virus ◽  
Swine Industry ◽  
Highly Pathogenic ◽  
West China ◽  
Pig Farms ◽  
Long Time

Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV), which leads to tremendous economic losses worldwide, is currently one of the most threatening viruses for the swine industry. However, PRRSV outbreaks in West China are rarely reported, even though the virus has remained active for a long time across the country.

Epidemiological survey of classical swine fever in Tibetan pigs in Nyingchi, Tibet China

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jia-Kui Li ◽  
Hui Zhang ◽  
Peng Shang ◽  
Yangzom Chamba
Keyword(s):  
Classical Swine Fever ◽  
Epidemiological Survey ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Immune Effect ◽  
Tibetan Pigs ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Long Time ◽  
The Government

Classical swine fever (CSF) is a major hazardous disease to the pigs and as a dangerous epidemic; it causes a serious economic losses to the pig industry. Though, a national compulsory immunization of CSF vaccines had been carried out for a long time, scarce information can be got about the immune effect of CSF in Tibetan pigs. The present study was to investigate the seroprevalence of CSF in Tibetan pigs in Nyingchi area of Tibet, China. A total 454 samples were collected from November 2014 to January 2015 and were investigated through enzyme-linked immuno sorbent assay (ELISA). The results showed that 241 (53.1%, 95% CI 48.4-57.8) pigs were found to be positive for CSF with the further distribution of 53.3% (95% CI 46.8–59.6), 49.5% (95% CI 42.2-56.8) and 93.8% (95% CI 69.8-99.8) in Tibetan counties of Nyingchi, Mainling and Gongbo'gyamda, respectively. There was no significant difference in male (52.8%, 95% CI 46.4-59.1) and female pigs (50.0%, 95% CI 42.6-57.4). Though, 53.1% of the serum samples were tested out positive to CSF, only the seroprevalence of CSF in Tibetan pigs in Gongbo'gyamda were higher than 70% which was ruled by the government. The low seroprevalence of CSF in Tibetan pigs should arise a serious concern and effective methods should be taken, in order to prevent CSF infection effectively.

scholarly journals The impact of sanity on the fertility of cows submitted to reproductive biotechnics

2017 ◽  
Vol 15 (Suppl 2) ◽  
pp. 91
Author(s):  
Amanda Fonseca Zangirolamo ◽  
Nathalia Covre da Silva ◽  
Fábio Morotti ◽  
Marcelo Marcondes Seneda
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Reproductive Performance ◽  
Reproductive Tract ◽  
Health Programs ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Direct Influence ◽  
Infectious Agents ◽  
Prophylactic Measures ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Adequate Management

The productivity in the herds is directly associated with reproduction. Thus, in order to achieve a better efficiency, the most varied reproductive biotechniques have been applied to the plants. Several factors have a direct influence on reproductive performance, including genetics, nutrition, zootechnical management, and sanitation. However, the sanity of the herd through the use of prophylactic measures against infectious agents is often neglected. In this context, particular attention should be paid to health programs, since 37-50% of gestational losses in the herd are consequences of infectious diseases of the reproductive tract caused by viral, bacterial or protozoan agents. Thus, this review will discuss the main advantages obtained with the use of reproductive biotechniques to increase fertility and the epidemiological aspects related to the diseases that cause reproductive failures in cows. Finally, we will also explain the importance of implementing sanitary programs with adequate management and vaccination of animals, to minimize economic losses related to reproductive diseases and, consequently, obtain higher pregnancy rates in the use of reproduction biotechnologies.

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