scholarly journals The impact of sanity on the fertility of cows submitted to reproductive biotechnics

2017 ◽  
Vol 15 (Suppl 2) ◽  
pp. 91
Author(s):  
Amanda Fonseca Zangirolamo ◽  
Nathalia Covre da Silva ◽  
Fábio Morotti ◽  
Marcelo Marcondes Seneda
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Reproductive Performance ◽  
Reproductive Tract ◽  
Health Programs ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Direct Influence ◽  
Infectious Agents ◽  
Prophylactic Measures ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Adequate Management

The productivity in the herds is directly associated with reproduction. Thus, in order to achieve a better efficiency, the most varied reproductive biotechniques have been applied to the plants. Several factors have a direct influence on reproductive performance, including genetics, nutrition, zootechnical management, and sanitation. However, the sanity of the herd through the use of prophylactic measures against infectious agents is often neglected. In this context, particular attention should be paid to health programs, since 37-50% of gestational losses in the herd are consequences of infectious diseases of the reproductive tract caused by viral, bacterial or protozoan agents. Thus, this review will discuss the main advantages obtained with the use of reproductive biotechniques to increase fertility and the epidemiological aspects related to the diseases that cause reproductive failures in cows. Finally, we will also explain the importance of implementing sanitary programs with adequate management and vaccination of animals, to minimize economic losses related to reproductive diseases and, consequently, obtain higher pregnancy rates in the use of reproduction biotechnologies.

scholarly journals HoBi-Like Pestivirus and Reproductive Disorders

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicola Decaro
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Tract ◽  
Diagnostic Methods ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Reproductive Disorders ◽  
Fatal Disease ◽  
Viral Diarrhea ◽  
Asymptomatic Infections ◽  
Cattle Reproduction ◽  
The Impact

HoBi-like pestivirus (HoBiPeV) is an emerging group of pestiviruses that has been detected in cattle and other ruminants in South America, Europe, and Asia. Analogous to other bovine pestiviruses, namely bovine viral diarrhea (BVDV) 1 and 2, HoBiPeV is able to cause a variety of clinical forms that range from asymptomatic infections to fatal disease, having a great impact on cattle productions and causing substantial economic losses, mainly as a consequence of the occurrence of reproductive failures. The manuscript aims to provide an updated review of the currently available literature about the impact of HoBiPeV infection on cattle reproduction. The reproductive disorders observed in cattle due to natural and experimental infections caused by this virus are reported along with the few available in-vitro studies involving the reproductive tract. HoBiPeV should be considered among the bovine pathogens that impact on reproduction, but there is a need for more specific and sensitive diagnostic methods, while the cross-protection elicited by commercially available BVDV vaccines should be better investigated.

scholarly journals A study on control of novel corona-virus (2019- nCoV) disease process by using PID controller

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Habibolah Arasteh rad ◽  
Arshia Badi
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Dynamic Model ◽  
Social Distance ◽  
Pid Controller ◽  
Disease Process ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Control Engineering ◽  
Corona Virus ◽  
And Control ◽  
The Impact

AbstractBackgroundIn this paper, the SEIR dynamic model will be used to model the epidemic of coronvirus (2019-nCoV)disease. The SEIR model has been used to model infectious diseases in Malaysia.Then, the spread and control of the disease is simulated applying a PID controller. The results of this study show that the implementation of strict restrictions such as quarantine, social distancing and closure of gathering centers is effective in controlling the disease. Using the results and analyzing them, it was found that early and strict implementation of strict restrictions such as quarantine, social distance and closure of centers with a high percentage of community is very important to control this disease and prevent irreparable economic losses and depreciation of medical staff.ObjectiveModeling the prevalence and control of corona-virus (2019-nCoV)and the impact of government actions using control engineering methods.MethodIn this study, the SEIR dynamic model was used and the common data on the prevalence of the virus in Wuhan, China and Malaysia were used. As an example, the use of control target schemes is simulated in this paper.ResultsThe findings of this study use control methods and forecasting in control engineering to provide a clear picture of macro-decisions for different governments in the field of infectious diseases.ConclusionManagement and control schemes such as travel restrictions, quarantine, social distance and closure of offices, higher education institutions must be implemented immediately to prevent major economic and social losses. The implementation of these restrictions should not be delayed during the outbreak of corona-virus(2019-nCoV) infectious diseases.

scholarly journals Surveillance results of communicable swine diseases in breeding pig farms near Ulaanbaatar city

2020 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 56-63
Author(s):  
Bayarmaa Sukhbaatar ◽  
Amartuvshin Tsolmon ◽  
Shurenchimeg Badamjav ◽  
Gantumur Tsedee ◽  
Erdenebat Bulgan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
African Swine Fever ◽  
Classical Swine Fever ◽  
Elisa Test ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Respiratory Syndrome Virus ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Prophylactic Measures ◽  
Pig Farms ◽  
Swine Diseases

We have done laboratory-based analyses of highly contagious and infectious swine diseases commonly occurring in household and pig farms on 200 swine serum samples collected from Bayanzurkh, Songinokhairkhan, Nalaikh, Khan-Uul district of Ulaanbaatar city, to establish the rate of infection, to gather information on farming and bio-security, to further detect this infectious diseases, for the purpose of risk assessment and preventive research.  According to ELISA test results Classical swine fever 27 (13.5%), Parvovirus 50 (25%), Influenza 16 (8%), Circovirus 112 (56%) samples had shown positive results. Presence of classical swine fever antibody in 27/200 samples are reaction of vaccine immunization.  Also antibody presence of Swine parvovirus, Influenza, circovirus in samples indicates necessity of make it clear that whether symptomless cases around farms.  But antibody absence of porcine food and mouth disease, porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus, swine mycoplasmosis transmissible gastro-enteritis, coronovirus, leptospirosis, brucellosis indicates such disease free in farms. Antibody absence of African swine fever done by surveillance this time shows no further infection however it was occurred in Mongolia early in 2019.  Fundamental surveying is a key tool for monitoring health status of pig farm and formulating eradication program for swine infectious diseases as well as help farmers prevent economic losses by implementing prophylactic measures against sudden cases of such diseases. Thus we suggest that above mentioned surveillance study need to be continued as a tool for monitoring because of it is importance of keep pig farmers sustainable, furthermore crucial for nation`s economy. Улаанбаатар хотын ойролцоо үржүүлж буй гахайд зонхилон тохиолдох халдварт өвчнүүдийг тандан судалсан дүн Улаанбаатар хотын Баянзүрх, Налайх, Сонгинохайрхан, Хан-Уул зэрэг 4 дүүргийн өрхийн болон аж ахуйн гахайд зонхилон тохиолддог гоц болон халдварт өвчнүүдийн лабораторид суурилсан шинжилгээг хийх, халдварлалтын түвшинг тогтоох, аж ахуй эрхлэлт, биоаюулгүй байдлын талаар мэдээлэл цуглуулах, цаашид халдварт өвчнийг эрт илрүүлэх, эрсдэлийг үнэлэх, урьдчилан сэргийлэх судалгааны ажлын зорилгын хүрээнд нийт 200 дээжинд эсрэгбием илрүүлэх ЭЛИЗА урвалаар шинжилгээг хийхэд гахайн сонгомол мялзан 27 (13.5%), парвовирус 50 (25%), томуу 16 (8%), цирковирус 112 (56%) дээж эерэг дүн үзүүлэв. Гахайн сонгомол мялзан өвчний эсрэгбием (27/200) илэрсэн нь урьдчилан сэргийлэх зорилгоор тарьсан вакцины урвал юм. Гахайн парвовирус, гахайн томуу, гахайн цирковирус зэрэг өвчний вирусын эсрэгбием илэрч байгаа нь ил шинж тэмдэггүй, халдварын тархалт байгаа эсэхийг баталгаажуулах шаардлагатайг харуулж байна. Харин гахайн шүлхий, микоплазм, гахайн үржил, амьсгалын замын хам шинж, гахайн ходоод гэдэсний замын халдварт үрэвсэл, коронавирус, лептоспироз, бруцеллёз зэрэг өвчний эсрэгбием илрээгүй нь халдваргүйг харуулж байна. Гахайн африкийн мялзан өвчин Монгол оронд 2019 оны эхээр гарч байсан ч энэ удаагийн тандалтаар эсрэгбием илрээгүй нь өвчлөл дахиж гараагүй болохыг харуулж байна. Тандан судалгаа нь гахайн эрүүл мэндийг хянах, эрүүлжүүлэх хөтөлбөрийг боловсруулах гахайн аж ахуйд тохиолдох эдийн засгийн болзошгүй эрсдэлээс урьдчилан хянахад чухал ач холбогдолтой.  Тиймээс энэхүү суурь судалгааг жил бүр тогтмол хийх нь гахайн аж ахуйг тогтвортой байлгах төдийгүй улс орны эдийн засагт чухал ач холбогдолтой тул гахайн эрүүл мэндийг хянах зорилгоор үргэлжлүүлэн хийж байх шаардлагатай байна. Түлхүүр үг: Гахайн халдварт өвчнүүд, ЭЛИЗА, тандан судалгаа, эсрэгбием

scholarly journals Reproductive performance of beef cattle with ovarian hypofunction and repeat breeding in Jepara Regency, Central Java, Indonesia

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 784-787
Author(s):  
Aldi Salman ◽  
Surya Agus Prihatno ◽  
Bambang Sumiarto
Keyword(s):  
Beef Cattle ◽  
Reproductive Performance ◽  
Health Conditions ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Reproductive Disorders ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Pregnancy Failure ◽  
Central Java ◽  
Days Open ◽  
The Impact

Background and Aim: Reproductive disorders keep the beef cattle population in Jepara Regency, Central Java, Indonesia, from increasing. Ovarian hypofunction and repeat breeding are the most common reproductive disorders, leading to large economic losses for traditional breeders. However, the impact of poor reproductive performance among traditional breeders is not well-known. This study aimed to investigate the reproductive performance of beef cattle with ovarian hypofunction and repeat breeding in Jepara Regency. Materials and Methods: We determined cattle's reproductive status by rectal examination and anamnesis, assessing reproductive performance in 28 cows with repeat breeding and 27 cows with ovarian hypofunction. The following parameters were measured: Postpartum estrous (PPE), days open (DO), service per conception (S/C), and calving interval (CI). The data came from livestock records from animal recording cards, iSIKHNAS, and estimated births from the insemination date that produced a pregnancy. Results: In beef cattle diagnosed with ovarian hypofunction, S/C, PPE, DO, and CI were 1.28, 257 days, 265 days, and 18 months, respectively. The length of CI caused by long PPE may be due to improper nutrition and calf weaning delays. In beef cattle with repeat breeding, S/C, PPE, DO, and CI were 4.15, 106 days, 210 days, and 16 months, respectively. The length of CI was caused by long DO due to pregnancy failure at the first estrus. Conclusion: Hypofunction and repeat breeding reduce the reproductive performance of beef cattle in the Jepara Regency. The cows' health conditions pre- and postpartum can be optimized by providing high-quality feed to enhance reproductive performance.

scholarly journals 158 Long term impact of ergot alkaloids on fetal heifer development and subsequent growth and reproductive performance

2019 ◽  
Vol 97 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 46-46
Author(s):  
McKenzie Lane Jackson ◽  
McKayla A Newsome ◽  
Alecia R Brown ◽  
Rebecca K Poole ◽  
Harrison B Dudley ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Performance ◽  
Reproductive Tract ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Ergot Alkaloids ◽  
Postnatal Growth ◽  
Pelvic Area ◽  
Treatment Interaction ◽  
Cow Performance ◽  
Long Term Impact ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Previous studies from our laboratory have demonstrated physiological differences in mid-gestation cows grazing either endophyte-infected (EI) or endophyte-free (EF) tall fescue. The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of in utero exposure (TRT) of either EI or EF on heifer growth, reproductive tract development and onset of puberty. Pregnant Angus and SimAngus cows were blocked by age, BW, and breed; and then randomly assigned to graze either EF (n = 27) or EI (n = 27) pastures. At parturition, heifer birthweight was recorded and placental tissues were collected to assess placental characteristics. Heifer BW, height, frame score were recorded at weaning. Assessment of puberty via measurement of BW, BCS, reproductive tract scores (RTS) and pelvic area (PA) started at 10 mo of age. Data were analyzed using a MIXED procedure of SAS and examined for effects of TRT, sire, and age. Statistical significance was determined at P < 0.05 and a tendency at 0.05); however, there was a sire by treatment interaction for ADG during onset of puberty (P < 0.05). While TRT did not affect PA or RTS (P > 0.05) at 10 mo of age, sire significantly influenced RTS (P < 0.05) thus impacting of onset of puberty. While consumption of EI fescue impacts cow performance, calf birthweight, and ratio of cotyledon to placenta weight, it has minimal effect on postnatal growth and development through 10 mo of age. Further studies are needed to determine the impact on heifer reproductive performance.

Awareness of symptomatic differences Covid-19, SARS, Swine Flu, Common cold among dental students

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (SPL1) ◽  
pp. 1026-1033
Author(s):  
Nivedha Valliammai Mahalingam ◽  
Abilasha R ◽  
Kavitha S
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Undergraduate Students ◽  
Common Cold ◽  
Emerging Infectious Diseases ◽  
Dental Students ◽  
Swine Flu ◽  
Viral Diseases ◽  
Surveillance Systems ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The Impact

Enormous successes have been obtained against the control of major epidemic diseases, such as SARS, MERS, Ebola, Swine Flu in the past. Dynamic interplay of biological, socio-cultural and ecological factors, together with novel aspects of human-animal interphase, pose additional challenges with respect to the emergence of infectious diseases. The important challenges faced in the control and prevention of emerging and re-emerging infectious diseases range from understanding the impact of factors that are necessary for the emergence, to development of strengthened surveillance systems that can mitigate human suffering and death. The aim of the current study is to assess the awareness of symptomatic differences between viral diseases like COVID-19, SARS, Swine flu and common cold among dental students that support the prevention of emergence or re-emergence. Cross-sectional type of study conducted among the undergraduate students comprising 100 Subjects. A questionnaire comprising 15 questions in total were framed, and responses were collected in Google forms in SPSS Software statistical analysis. The study has concluded that dental students have an awareness of the symptomatic differences between infectious viral disease. The study concluded that the awareness of symptomatic differences between viral diseases like COVID-19, SARS, Swine flu, Common cold is good among the dental students who would pave the way for early diagnosis and avoid spreading of such diseases. A further awareness can be created by regular webinars, seminars and brainstorming sessions among these healthcare professionals.

THE MAIN DIRECTIONS OF ECONOMIC SUPPORT OF THE REGIONAL SECURITY SYSTEM OF THE POPULATION

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (11) ◽  
pp. 133-140
Author(s):  
E. V. DMITRIEVA ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Crisis Management ◽  
Security System ◽  
Regional Security ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Economic Damage ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
The Sustainable Development ◽  
Economic Support ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Crisis Situations

The article considers topical issues of economic support for the development of the regional security system of the population against various risks. The dependence of the impact of the scale of crisis situations on economic activities in the constituent entities of the Russian Federation, which become a serious barrier to the sustainable development of the regions of the country, was investigated. The increasing importance of risks of economic losses from accidents and disasters at potentially dangerous facilities as a result of the complex influence of natural, manmade and fire factors has been established. An analysis was carried out and proposals were developed to implement the key tasks of the state in the field of ensuring the protection of the population and territories of the country from disasters in order to ensure the stability of the economy. The organizational structure, division of tasks and functions between officials, crisis management structures and responding units were analyzed, taking into account the reduction in current financial costs. On the basis of a study of the peculiarities of the regions of the country, recommendations were formed to fulfill the necessary tasks by the anti-crisis management bodies in the field of reducing economic damage on the basis of preventing crisis situations and ensuring fire safety. It is proposed to organize the practical application of a complex automated security system based on modern developments with the application of improving the qualities and efficiency of anti-crisis management processes in order to increase economic efficiency. Initial data were formed to reduce potential threats of a natural, man-made, fire and other nature in the regions using financial and economic mechanisms. It is proposed to implement a set of priority measures to further improve and increase the potential of economic support for the anti-crisis management system. The materials of the article can be used in planning the main directions of the development of the regional population security system and the implementation of socio-economic development programs.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Clinical Outcomes after Introduction of a Dedicated Infectious Diseases- Critical Care Medicine Service in Critical Care Units

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Polina Trachuk ◽  
Vagish Hemmige ◽  
Ruth Eisenberg ◽  
Kelsie Cowman ◽  
Victor Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Critical Care ◽  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Clinical Outcomes ◽  
Broad Spectrum ◽  
Critical Care Medicine ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Intervention Period ◽  
Broad Spectrum Antibiotics ◽  
Antibiotic Utilization ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Objective Infection is a leading cause of admission to intensive care units (ICU), with critically ill patients often receiving empiric broad-spectrum antibiotics. Nevertheless, a dedicated infectious diseases (ID) consultation and stewardship team is not routinely established. An ID-Critical Care Medicine (ID-CCM) pilot program was designed at a 400-bed tertiary care hospital in which an ID attending was assigned to participate in daily rounds with the ICU team, as well as provide ID consultation on select patients. We sought to evaluate the impact of this dedicated ID program on antibiotic utilization and clinical outcomes in patients admitted to the ICU. Method In this single site retrospective study, we analyzed antibiotic utilization and clinical outcomes in patients admitted to an ICU during post-intervention period from January 1, 2017 to December 31, 2017 and compared it to antibiotic utilization in the same ICUs during the pre-intervention period from January 1, 2015 to December 31, 2015. Results Our data showed a statistically significant reduction in usage of most frequently prescribed antibiotics including vancomycin, piperacillin-tazobactam and cefepime during the intervention period. When compared to pre-intervention period there was no difference in-hospital mortality, hospital length of stay and re-admission. Conclusion With this multidisciplinary intervention, we saw a decrease in the use of the most frequently prescribed broad-spectrum antibiotics without a negative impact on clinical outcomes. Our study shows that the implementation of an ID-CCM service is a feasible way to promote antibiotic stewardship in the ICU and can be used as a strategy to reduce unnecessary patient exposure to broad-spectrum agents.

scholarly journals Modeling regional impacts and resilience to water service disruptions in urban economies

2021 ◽  
pp. 239980832199870
Author(s):  
Sheree A Pagsuyoin ◽  
Joost R Santos
Keyword(s):  
Case Studies ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Urban Region ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Drought Severity ◽  
Severe Drought ◽  
Time Varying ◽  
National Capital Region ◽  
Economic Sectors ◽  
The Impact

Water is a critical natural resource that sustains the productivity of many economic sectors, whether directly or indirectly. Climate change alongside rapid growth and development are a threat to water sustainability and regional productivity. In this paper, we develop an extension to the economic input-output model to assess the impact of water supply disruptions to regional economies. The model utilizes the inoperability variable, which measures the extent to which an infrastructure system or economic sector is unable to deliver its intended output. While the inoperability concept has been utilized in previous applications, this paper offers extensions that capture the time-varying nature of inoperability as the sectors recover from a disruptive event, such as drought. The model extension is capable of inserting inoperability adjustments within the drought timeline to capture time-varying likelihoods and severities, as well as the dependencies of various economic sectors on water. The model was applied to case studies of severe drought in two regions: (1) the state of Massachusetts (MA) and (2) the US National Capital Region (NCR). These regions were selected to contrast drought resilience between a mixed urban–rural region (MA) and a highly urban region (NCR). These regions also have comparable overall gross domestic products despite significant differences in the distribution and share of the economic sectors comprising each region. The results of the case studies indicate that in both regions, the utility and real estate sectors suffer the largest economic loss; nonetheless, results also identify region-specific sectors that incur significant losses. For the NCR, three sectors in the top 10 ranking of highest economic losses are government-related, whereas in the MA, four sectors in the top 10 are manufacturing sectors. Furthermore, the accommodation sector has also been included in the NCR case intuitively because of the high concentration of museums and famous landmarks. In contrast, the Wholesale Trade sector was among the sectors with the highest economic losses in the MA case study because of its large geographic size conducive for warehouses used as nodes for large-scale supply chain networks. Future modeling extensions could potentially include analysis of water demand and supply management strategies that can enhance regional resilience against droughts. Other regional case studies can also be pursued in future efforts to analyze various categories of drought severity beyond the case studies featured in this paper.

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