The Emission Level Change of Air Pollutants Since the Implementation of the Total Air Pollutant Emission-Cap Management System

When vessels are berthed at ports, the air pollutants emitted by auxiliary engines will cause severe pollution to the ports and surrounding environments. In view of this situation, the author first summarizes the Chinese policies and policies of foreign countries on emission of air pollutants from vessels at berth, and then analyses the current status of and measures for control of air pollutant emission from vessels at berth. Secondly, the author analyses the environmental benefits of using shore power for better controlling air pollutant emission from vessels at berth, compares vessels using shore power with vessels using generated power in the energy conservation and emission reduction effects based on the fuel consumption rate of different auxiliary engines and current status of pollutant emission from power generation in China etc., analyses the current status of shore power application in China, estimates the energy conserved and emission reduced when shore power is used by vessels at berth. Thirdly, the author identifies the scale of electric energy replacement by, and environmental benefits of, shore power at ports in China. This paper delivers innovative approaches to the comparison between the effects of energy conservation and emission reduction based on fuel consumption rates of different auxiliary engines and estimation of conserved energy and reduced emission.

Download Full-text

Estimation of Air Pollutant Emissions in Eastern Indonesia from Non-Oil and Gas Sources (Case Study in Sulawesi and Papua)

JKPK (Jurnal Kimia dan Pendidikan Kimia) ◽

10.20961/jkpk.v3i3.24754 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 3 (3) ◽

pp. 152

Author(s):

Dessy Gusnita ◽

Dita Fatria

Keyword(s):

Air Pollutants ◽

Oil And Gas ◽

Estimation Method ◽

Air Pollutant ◽

Pollutant Emissions ◽

Pollutant Emission ◽

Eastern Indonesia ◽

South Sulawesi ◽

Emission Estimation ◽

Papua Barat

Estimation of air pollutant emissions from non-oil and gas sources in eastern Indonesia, namely Sulawesi and Papua provinces during the period 2014 – 2016 was conducted. This paper intended to estimate the emission of three air pollutants namely NOx, SO2 and CO2. The aim was to find out the amount of pollutant and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions in the Sulawesi and Papua regions. The method used was the emission estimation method based on statistical data of Gross Regional Domestic Income (GRDP) in the Papua and Sulawesi regions. The results from estimation of pollutant emissions was then carried out for pollutant emissions mapping. The pollutant emission estimation showed the emission of air pollutants in Sulawesi region was higher than Papua. The mapping of emissions in Sulawesi were consisted of four provinces, namely north, central, south and southeast Sulawesi. The Papua region were consisted of Papua and west Papua provinces. The highest emission in Sulawesi region was south Sulawesi. The CO2 emission in Sulawesi was increase about 23% with the detail value; 84.4 tons in 2014; 94.3 tons in 2015; and 103.7 tons in 2016. The emission of NOx during 2014 until 2016 are 0.53, 0.58 and 0.64 tons, there was an increasing in the emission of NOx around 21%. In addition, SO2 emission of south Sulawesi are 0.42 tons in 2014, 0.47 tons in 2015 and 0.51 tons in 2016, increased about 21 % during the year 2014 - 2016. In the Papua region, the emission in Papua was higher than Papua Barat province. CO2 emissions in Papua during 2014 -2016 were 112, 124.8 and 144.99 tons, it means the CO2 was increased 29%. The emission of NOx during 2014-2016 were 0.70, 0.77 and 0.89 tons, increased around 27%. In addition, SO2 emission was increase 26% with the detail value; 0.56 tons in 2014; 0.61 tons in 2015 and 0.71 tons in 2016.

Download Full-text

Improving the Professional Level of Managers Through Individualized Recommendation to Enhance the Quality of Air Pollutant Management in China

Sustainability ◽

10.3390/su11216094 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 11 (21) ◽

pp. 6094

Author(s):

Xiao ◽

Qin ◽

Fu ◽

Zhang

Keyword(s):

Air Pollutants ◽

Recommendation System ◽

Fossil Fuel ◽

Rapid Development ◽

Air Pollutant ◽

Pollutant Emission ◽

Full Picture ◽

Regional Air Quality ◽

Assessment Strategies

With the rapid development of the economy, and fossil fuel consumption lacking systematic emission controls, China has experienced substantially elevated concentrations of air pollutants, which not only degrades regional air quality but also poses significant impacts on public health. However, faced with the demand for a large number of experts in air pollution protection, people with real expertise for air pollutant management are difficult to find. Therefore, individualized recommendation is an effective and sustainable method for enhancing the professional level of managers and is good for improving the quality of air pollutant management. Thus, this paper initially proposes a novel framework to recommend strengths in air pollutant management. This framework comprises four stages: data preprocessing is the first stage; then, after constructing ability classifications and ability assessment strategies, activity experiences are transformed into corresponding ability values; next, a multilayer perceptron deep neural network (MLP-DNN) is used to predict potential types according to their ability values; finally, a hybrid system is constructed to recommend suitable and sustainable potential managers for air pollutant management. The experiments indicate that the proposed method can assess the full picture of people’s strengths, which can recommend suggestions for building a scientific and rational specialties recommendation system for governments and schools. This method can have significant effects on pollutant emission reduction by enhancing the professional level of managers with regard to air pollutant management.

Download Full-text

Assessment of China's virtual air pollution transport embodied in trade by using a consumption-based emission inventory

Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics ◽

10.5194/acp-15-5443-2015 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 15 (10) ◽

pp. 5443-5456 ◽

Cited By ~ 86

Author(s):

H. Y. Zhao ◽

Q. Zhang ◽

D. B. Guan ◽

S. J. Davis ◽

Z. Liu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Air Pollution ◽

Air Pollutants ◽

Emission Inventory ◽

Economic Status ◽

Air Pollutant ◽

Pollutant Emission ◽

Pollution Transport ◽

Economic Activities ◽

Model Framework ◽

Central Regions

Abstract. Substantial anthropogenic emissions from China have resulted in serious air pollution, and this has generated considerable academic and public concern. The physical transport of air pollutants in the atmosphere has been extensively investigated; however, understanding the mechanisms how the pollutant was transferred through economic and trade activities remains a challenge. For the first time, we quantified and tracked China's air pollutant emission flows embodied in interprovincial trade, using a multiregional input–output model framework. Trade relative emissions for four key air pollutants (primary fine particle matter, sulfur dioxide, nitrogen oxides and non-methane volatile organic compounds) were assessed for 2007 in each Chinese province. We found that emissions were significantly redistributed among provinces owing to interprovincial trade. Large amounts of emissions were embodied in the imports of eastern regions from northern and central regions, and these were determined by differences in regional economic status and environmental policy. It is suggested that measures should be introduced to reduce air pollution by integrating cross-regional consumers and producers within national agreements to encourage efficiency improvement in the supply chain and optimize consumption structure internationally. The consumption-based air pollutant emission inventory developed in this work can be further used to attribute pollution to various economic activities and final demand types with the aid of air quality models.

Download Full-text

Applying 3D-Eco Routing Model to Reduce Environmental Footprint of Road Transports in Addis Ababa City

10.21203/rs.3.rs-17145/v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Seifu Woldemichael Busho ◽

Daniel Alemayehu

Keyword(s):

Climate Change ◽

Air Pollutants ◽

Global Climate ◽

Addis Ababa ◽

Climate Change Impacts ◽

Air Pollutant ◽

Sustainable Transportation ◽

Pollutant Emission ◽

Road Transportation ◽

Applied Model

Abstract Climate change has emerged as a very important threat to economic development, atmosphere, and public health. One of the driving factors for global climate change was road transportation. therefore, this sector needs a responsibility of reducing its effect on the environment. this study finds ways to mitigate climate change impacts on environment especially greenhouse gas emissions and other selected air pollutants by anew navigation concept called eco route by applying a 3D Eco -Routing Model to reduce the environmental footprints of road transports in Addis Ababa city for distribution vehicles. The applied model in this study considered the road gradient, varying velocity or speed of vehicles, and weight of vehicles to evaluate gradient effects on consumption of fuel, CO 2 and also other air pollutants emission, the model is applied in three scenarios within different vehicle weight range and three different cases in the city of Addis Ababa, political capital of Africa, The attained results imply eco-routes emission Reduction potentials up to 39.81% from fuel and CO 2 and 25.65% from other air pollutant in the tested scenarios. The results showed that Eco Routes have the ability of reducing Fuel consumption, CO 2 and other air pollutant emission rate. Such potentials of eco routes make them an ecological solution for a future sustainable transportation in Addis Ababa City. This study recommends the use of Eco Routes, rather than Fastest and Shortest Routes, where significant road gradients exist.

Download Full-text

The Characteristics of PM2.5 Pollution and Policy Implications in Chungcheong Region

Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers ◽

10.4491/ksee.2021.43.6.407 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 43 (6) ◽

pp. 407-418

Author(s):

Jiyoung Gong ◽

Changsub Shim ◽

Ki-Chul Choi ◽

Sungyong Gong

Keyword(s):

Power Generation ◽

Air Quality ◽

Air Pollutants ◽

Air Pollutant ◽

Policy Implications ◽

Pollutant Emission ◽

Air Quality Modelling ◽

Emission Volume ◽

High Level ◽

Pm2.5 Concentration

Objectives : This study aims to discuss air quality policy improvement that reflect regional characteristics through analyzing recent PM2.5 concentration, air pollutant emission sources and those contributions to annual PM2.5 concentration in Chungcheong region (Daejeon Metropolitan City, Sejong Metropolitan Autonomous City, the Province of Chungcheongnam-do, and Chungcheongbuk-do) in South Korea. In addition, we identified the characteristics of the PM2.5 pollution at the level of fundamental local government, and demonstrated the number of vulnerable population exposed to high level of PM2.5 concentration in order to propose policy implications in Chungcheong region.Methods : Based on the national emissions estimates (CAPSS: Clean Air Policy Support System) and air quality modelling system, major sectors/sources of air pollutants emission and national contributions of PM2.5 concentrations in Chungcheong region were analyzed. Furthermore, the study identified the number of people exposed to the higher PM2.5 concentrations (>25 µg/m3) by the measurement data and demographics available in 2019.Results and Discussion : The national air pollutants emissions in Chungcheong region were emitted from Chungnam (about 59% of NOx emission volume, 89% of SOx, 70% of NH3, 54% of VOCs, 79% of PM2.5, and 68% of TSP respectively), mainly from industry, domestic, energy, and road sector. According to the results of the air quality modelling, Chungcheong region also had the largest contribution on the average annual PM2.5 concentration in South Korea (27%). Chungnam emitted the largest emission volume of air pollutants, mainly from industry and power generation sectors (especially in Dangjin, Seosan, and Boryeong), while Asan, Yesan, Hongseong, and Cheongyang were classified as the areas with higher PM2.5 concentrations (>25 µg/m3), showing a gap between the areas with large emission volume and high concentration. Chungbuk and Sejong had higher annual PM2.5 concentration due to the influence of external sources and their geographical characteristics. The largest vulnerable population (over 65 years old and under 18 years old) exposed to high PM2.5 concentrations annually lived in Cheongju. Chungbuk had about 40% more air pollutant emission volume than Chungnam, but about 17% more vulnerable population.Conclusions : At the current stage of “master plan” in Chungcheong region, it is important to mitigate air pollutants emissions on the basis of the local emissions characteristic at the level of fundamental local government (such as industry sector in Dangjin, Seosan, and Danyang/ Domestic buring in Cheongju, Cheonan, and Daejeon/power generation in Boryeong, Taean and Dangjin/ road in Daejeon, Cheongju, and Cheoan). In addition, Chungbuk requires management of the areas with higher PM2.5 concentration such as Goesan, Boeun, Okcheon, and Yeongdong located outside “air control zone”. To reduce high level of PM2.5 concentration in Chungcheong region, cooperation with neighboring local governments such as Gyeonggi Province is crucial, and policy solutions are needed between the stakeholders to resolve the disparity issues between areas with larger emission volume and higher PM2.5 concentration.

Download Full-text

Collaborative Governance Mechanism of Climate Change and Air Pollution: Evidence from China

Sustainability ◽

10.3390/su13126785 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (12) ◽

pp. 6785

Author(s):

Bing Wang ◽

Yifan Wang ◽

Yuqing Zhao

Keyword(s):

Climate Change ◽

Air Pollution ◽

Synergistic Effect ◽

Air Pollutants ◽

Emission Reduction ◽

Industrial Sector ◽

Air Pollutant ◽

Pollutant Emissions ◽

Pollutant Emission ◽

Industrial Carbon

Since entering the industrialized era, China’s greenhouse gas emissions and air pollutant emissions have increased rapidly. China is the country with the most greenhouse gas emissions, and it is also facing serious local air pollution problems. China’s industrial sector is the largest contributor to CO2 and air pollutants. The resulting climate change and air pollution issues have caused China to face double pressures. This article uses the CO2 and comprehensive air pollutant emission data of China’s industrial sector as a starting point and uses econometric research methods to explore the synergy between China’s industrial carbon emission reduction and industrial comprehensive air pollutant emission reduction. The synergistic effect between industrial carbon emissions and industrial comprehensive air pollutant emissions has been quantified, and the transmission path of the synergistic effect has been explored. The empirical results show that there are benefits of synergistic governance between climate change and air pollution in China’s industrial sector. Every 1000 tons of carbon reduction in the industrial sector will result in 1 ton of comprehensive air pollutant reduction. The increase in R&D expenditure in the energy and power sector can significantly promote the reduction of air pollutants in the industrial sector. Increasing the intensity of environmental regulations is the main expansion path for synergy. However, in eastern, central, and western China, the synergy is not the same. Therefore, it is necessary to formulate regionally differentiated emission reduction policies. The research conclusions of this article can provide policy references for the coordinated governance of climate change and air pollution in China.

Download Full-text

Response of Global Air Pollutant Emissions to Climate Change and Its Potential Effects on Human Life Expectancy Loss

Sustainability ◽

10.3390/su11133670 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 11 (13) ◽

pp. 3670 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Qianwen Cheng ◽

Manchun Li ◽

Feixue Li ◽

Haoqing Tang

Keyword(s):

Climate Change ◽

Air Pollution ◽

Air Pollutants ◽

Human Life ◽

Developed Countries ◽

Air Pollutant ◽

Pollutant Emissions ◽

Pollutant Emission ◽

Air Pollution Control ◽

Geographical Environment

Geographical environment and climate change are basic factors for spatial fluctuations in the global distribution of air pollutants. Against the background of global climate change, further investigation is needed on how meteorological characteristics and complex geographical environment variations can drive spatial air pollution variations. This study analyzed the response of air pollutant emissions to climate change and the potential effects of air pollutant emissions on human health by integrating the air pollutant emission simulation model (GAINS) with 3 versions and CMIP5. The mechanism by which meteorological characteristics and geographical matrices can drive air pollution based on monitoring data at the site-scale was also examined. We found the total global emission of major air pollutants increased 1.32 times during 1970–2010. Air pollutant emissions will increase 2.89% and 4.11% in China and developed countries when the scenario of only maximum technically feasible reductions is performed (V4a) during 2020–2050. However, it will decrease 19.33% and 6.78% respectively by taking the V5a climate scenario into consideration, and precipitation variation will contribute more to such change, especially in China. Locally, the air circulation mode that is dominated by local geographical matrices and meteorological characteristics jointly affect the dilution and diffusion of air pollutants. Therefore, natural conditions, such as climate changes, meteorological characteristics and topography, play an important role in spatial air pollutant emissions and fluctuations, and must be given more attention in the processes of air pollution control policy making.

Download Full-text

Analysis of Air Pollutant Emission Inventory from Farm Tractor Operations in Korea

Engineering Proceedings ◽

10.3390/asec2021-11187 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

pp. 17

Author(s):

Gyu-Gang Han ◽

Jun-Hyuk Jeon ◽

Myoung-Ho Kim ◽

Seong-Min Kim

Keyword(s):

Air Pollutants ◽

Emission Inventory ◽

Air Pollutant ◽

Pollutant Emissions ◽

Pollutant Emission ◽

Agricultural Labor ◽

National Agency ◽

Metropolitan Cities ◽

Agricultural Tractors ◽

Engine Size

Due to the decline in the agricultural labor force and rapid aging of farmers, agricultural machinery is becoming larger, higher-performance, and diversified. In this study, an air pollutant emission inventory for agricultural tractors was analyzed and compared with the inventory developed by a national agency. Agricultural tractors include walking and riding tractors and, further, riding tractors were divided into three subcategories based on their engine size. In addition, tractor emissions were classified according to the usage time of each operation. Seven air pollutants, such as CO, NOx, SOx, TSP, VOCs (PM10), PM2.5, and NH3, were included in the inventory. The results showed that the total yearly emissions in 2017 were 3300 Mg, 9110 Mg, 4 Mg, 567 Mg, 522 Mg, 759 Mg, and 33 Mg for CO, NOx, SOx, TSP, VOCs, PM10, PM2.5, and NH3, respectively. The most emitted air pollutant in the transporting operation using walking tractors is NOx, and the amount of emission is 1023 Mg/y. Riding tractors mainly emit a large amount of NOx, in the order of medium, large, and small tractors. The NOx emissions from medium, large, and small riding tractors are 1103 Mg/y, 676 Mg/y, and 322 Mg/y, respectively, from harrowing operations and are 445 Mg/y, 273 Mg/y, and 130 Mg/y, respectively, from tilling operations. The results also showed that the total pollutant emissions from tractors were increased 10% compared to the emission inventory developed by a national agency due to categorizing riding tractors into three subcategories. A geographic information system (GIS) was used to spatially assign air pollutant variables to 17 provinces and metropolitan cities in Korea.

Download Full-text

EVOLUTION OF POLLUTANTS EMISSIONIN RELATION TOROAD TRAFFIC IN THE CITY OF LOME (TOGO) FROM 2010 TO 2019

International Journal of Advanced Research ◽

10.21474/ijar01/13875 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 (12) ◽

pp. 51-57

Author(s):

Kokou SABI ◽

◽

Hezouwe SONLA ◽

Moursalou KORIKO ◽

Kokou Eric GBEDJANGNI ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Air Pollutants ◽

Emission Inventory ◽

Road Traffic ◽

Petroleum Products ◽

Air Pollutant ◽

Capital City ◽

Pollutant Emission ◽

Volatile Organic ◽

Pollutants Emission ◽

The City

The automobile fleet in Togo has increased in the last decades with a patchwork of vehicles that are in majority older than ten (10) years. Until 2019, the car fleet in Togo was almost dependent upon petroleum products, and was consequentlya source of air pollutants emission. Lome is the capital city of Togo with the characteristic of having the highest road traffic volume that significantly impacts air quality. In accordance with the EMEP/EEA air pollutant emission inventory guide and the COPERT method, emissions of carbone monoxide (CO), nitrogen oxides (NOx), non-methane volatile organic compounds (NMVOCs) and particulate matter (PM) are respectively estimated to: 2621.674 tCO 82.444 tNOx 558.778 tNMVOC and 7.241 tPM. In the time series 2010-2019, emissions of CO, NMVOCs and NOx fell overall with average yearly rates by respectively 83,0234 66,4888 and 0,8073 t/year whereas the PM emission rose(0,8208 t/year).

Download Full-text