scholarly journals Pollination, fertilization and fruit formation in eggplant (Solanum melongena L.)

2012 ◽  
Vol 61 (1) ◽  
pp. 107-113 ◽  
Author(s):  
Agnieszka Sękara ◽  
Monika Bieniasz
Keyword(s):  
Cross Sections ◽  
Fruit Set ◽  
Solanum Melongena ◽  
Spatial Separation ◽  
Pollen Tubes ◽  
Diffi Cult ◽  
Fruit Setting ◽  
Fruit Formation ◽  
Number Of Seeds ◽  
Pollination And Fertilization

The aim of the investigations was to determine the regularity of pollination and fertilization as dependent on the phenotype of flower in eggplant. The experiment was conducted in 2005 and 2006 at the Agricultural University in Kraków, Poland. The object of the investigations was eggplant (<i>Solanum melongena</i> L.) 'Epic F<sub>1</sub>', grown in the open field. Flower phenotype (long-, medium- or short-styled), fruit setting and the number of seeds per fruit were recorded on experimental plants during the flowering period. The number of pollen tubes in the middle of the style and the number on fertilized ovules in ovaries were evaluated for all types of flowers. The course of pollination was different in particular types of eggplant flowers. Differences concerned only the number of pollen tubes and fertilized ovules of short, medium- and long-styled flowers and the number of seeds in the fruit. There was not observed any incompatibility in the growth on pollen tubes in the styles of all types of eggplant flowers. Stereomicroscopy observations of cross sections of the ovaries do not show differences in the formation and position of the ovules on the placenta. Short-styled flowers were characterized by significantly lower pollination and fruit set efficiency and they produced fruits with a significantly lower number of seeds. The low number of pollen tubes, fertilized ovules and seeds can be a straight consequence of the morphology of short-styled flowers: small-sized stigmas and spatial separation of anther pores and stigmas, which makes pollination diffi cult.

scholarly journals Biostimulant Application Enhances Fruit Setting in Eggplant—An Insight into the Biology of Flowering

Agronomy ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. 482
Author(s):  
Alicja Pohl ◽  
Aneta Grabowska ◽  
Andrzej Kalisz ◽  
Agnieszka Sękara
Keyword(s):  
Fruit Set ◽  
Solanum Melongena ◽  
Pollen Tubes ◽  
Stage Of Development ◽  
Fruit Setting ◽  
Generative Phase ◽  
Positive Effect ◽  
Final Effect ◽  
Generative Stage ◽  
Insight Into

Eggplant (Solanum melongena L.) is a warm climate crop. Its cultivation extends to temperate regions where low temperatures can affect the course of the generative phase, which is primarily sensitive to abiotic stress. The novelty of the present investigation consisted of characterising the heterostyly, pollination, and fertilisation biology of eggplants in field cultivations, which provided a basis for explaining the effect of a protective biostimulant on these processes. We aimed to investigate the flowering biology of three eggplant hybrids treated with Göemar BM-86®, containing Ascophylum nodosum extract, to determine the crucial mechanisms behind the increased flowering and fruit set efficiency and the final effect of increased yield. The flower phenotype (long, medium or short styled), fruit setting, and the number of seeds per fruit were recorded during the two vegetation periods. The numbers of pollen tubes and fertilised ovules in ovaries were evaluated during the generative stage of development to characterise the course of pollination and fertilisation for all types of flowers depending on the cultivar and biostimulant treatment. The expression of heterostyly depended on the eggplant genotype, age of the plant, fruit load, and biostimulant treatment. Domination by long-styled flowers was observed, amounting to 41%, 42%, and 55% of all flowers of “Epic” F1, “Flavine” F1, and “Gascona” F1, respectively. This flower phenotype contained the highest number of pollen tubes in the style and the highest number of fertilised ovules. The biostimulant had a positive effect on the flower and fruit set numbers, as well as on the pollination efficiency in all genotypes. Ascophylum nodosum extract could be used as an efficient stimulator of flowering and fruit setting for eggplant hybrids in field conditions in a temperate climatic zone.

scholarly journals Metabolite profiling in Mango (Mangifera indica L.) pollen grains in relation to viability

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-42
Author(s):  
K S Shivashankara ◽  
G A Geetha ◽  
T K Roy
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Fruit Set ◽  
Mangifera Indica ◽  
Pollen Viability ◽  
Pollen Grains ◽  
Free Sugars ◽  
Fruit Drop ◽  
Fruit Setting ◽  
Viability Percentage ◽  
Pollination And Fertilization

Mango productivity is affected mainly by irregular flowering, proportion of bisexual flowers, poor pollination and fertilization and fruit drop. Poor fruit set in some of the varieties may be associated with the lower pollen viability. The present experiment was initiated to assess the viability of pollen grains and their metabolites in three mango cultivars Amrapali, Alphonso and Totapuri which are differing in their fruit set intensity. The profiling of sugars, amino acids and some of the phytohormones were analysed using Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). Assessment of pollen grains in three mango cultivars indicated that free sugars such as fructose and glucose, and available amino acids including serine, proline, lysine, phenylalanine, alanine and glutamic acid were predominantly higher in all the cultivars. Phytohormones like IAA, IBA, ABA, GA,zeatin, jasmonic acid and salicylic acid were significantly different in low fruit setting cultivars Alphonso and Totapuri compared to high fruit setting cultivar Amrapali. In cv. Alphonso all the metabolites were higher at anthesis but later decreased drastically compared to cvs. Totapuri and Amrapali. Pollen viability percentage was significantly higher in cv. Amrapali than in cvs. Totapuri, Alphonso. Among all the cultivars, Amrapali maintained better chemical composition at anthesis and also at two hours after anthesis compared to cvs. Totapuri and Alphonso.

scholarly journals Forchlorfenuron Application Induced Parthenocarpic Fruit Formation without Affecting Fruit Quality of Cucumber

Horticulturae ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (6) ◽  
pp. 128
Author(s):  
Li Su ◽  
Miaoqing Wang ◽  
Yuean Wang ◽  
Rahat Sharif ◽  
Nannan Ren ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth Regulator ◽  
Nutritional Quality ◽  
Fruit Set ◽  
Total Flavonoids ◽  
Parthenocarpic Fruit ◽  
Fruit Setting ◽  
Major Nutrients ◽  
Fruit Formation ◽  
Female Flowers

The plant growth regulator forchlorfenuron is often applied to promote fruit setting and development in cucumber production. However, the effect of forchlorfenuron on the appearance and nutritional quality of cucumber is unknown. In the present study, forchlorfenuron was applied to female flowers 1 day before anthesis and at the day of anthesis. The application of forchlorfenuron successfully induced parthenocarpic fruit formation in cucumber. In addition, cytokinin-responsive genes were upregulated under forchlorfenuron treatment. Fruit treated with forchlorfenuron did not differ from pollinated fruit in shape, texture and major nutrients, such as protein, total flavonoids and vitamin C, with the exception of the lower phenolic acid content. Overall, our finding suggests that forchlorfenuron could be vital in promoting the parthenocarpic fruit set without altering the quality of cucumber.

scholarly journals Do s genes or deleterious recessives control late-acting self-incompatibility in Handroanthus heptaphyllus (Bignoniaceae)? A diallel study with four full sib progeny arrays

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marta B Bianchi ◽  
Thomas R Meagher ◽  
Peter E Gibbs
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Control ◽  
Inbreeding Depression ◽  
Fruit Set ◽  
Genetic Model ◽  
Pollen Tubes ◽  
Self Incompatibility ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Partial Embryo ◽  
Ovule Penetration ◽  
S Genes

Abstract Background and Aims Genetically controlled self-incompatibility (SI) mechanisms constrain selfing and thus have contributed to the evolutionary diversity of flowering plants. In homomorphic gametophytic SI (GSI) and homomorphic sporophytic SI (SSI), genetic control is usually by a single multi-allelic locus S. Both GSI and SSI prevent self pollen tubes reaching the ovary and so are pre-zygotic in action. In contrast, in taxa with late-acting self-incompatibility (LSI), rejection is often post-zygotic, since self-pollen tubes grow to the ovary where fertilization may occur prior to floral abscission. Alternatively, lack of self fruit set could be due to early-acting inbreeding depression (EID). The aim of our study was to investigate mechanisms underlying lack of selfed fruit set in Handroanthus heptaphyllus in order to assess the likelihood of LSI versus EID. Methods We employed four full sib diallels to study the genetic control of LSI in Handroanthus heptaphyllus using a precociously flowering variant. We also used fluorescence microscopy to study the incidence of ovule penetration by pollen tubes in pistils that abscised following pollination or initiated fruits. Key Results All diallels showed reciprocally cross-incompatible full-sibs (RCI), reciprocally cross compatible full-sibs (RCC), and non-reciprocally compatible full-sibs (NRC) in almost equal proportions. There was no significant difference between the incidence of ovule penetrations in abscised pistils following self- and cross-incompatible pollinations, but those in successful cross pollinations were around twofold greater. Conclusions A genetic model postulating a single S locus with four s alleles, one of which, in the maternal parent, is dominant to the other three, will produce RCI, RCC and NRC situations each at 33 %, consistent with our diallel results. We favour this simple genetic control over an early-acting inbreeding depression (EID) explanation since none of our pollinations, successful or unsuccessful, resulted in partial embryo development, as would be expected under a whole genome EID effect.

The importance of recruitment patterns versus reproductive output in the persistence of a short-range endemic shrub in a highly fragmented landscape of south-western Australia

2012 ◽  
Vol 60 (7) ◽  
pp. 643 ◽  
Author(s):  
Neil Gibson ◽  
Colin Yates ◽  
Margaret Byrne ◽  
Margaret Langley ◽  
Rujiporn Thavornkanlapachai
Keyword(s):  
Short Range ◽  
Reproductive Output ◽  
Fruit Set ◽  
Seedling Recruitment ◽  
Fragment Size ◽  
Fragmented Landscape ◽  
Recruitment Failure ◽  
Degree Of Isolation ◽  
Number Of Seeds ◽  
Significant Mortality

Calothamnus quadrifidus subsp. teretifolius A.S.George & N.Gibson is a short-range endemic shrub whose habitat has been greatly reduced by clearing for agriculture. Reproductive output was high in all populations sampled, although there were large differences among populations in fruit set, the number of seeds per fruit and seed germination. These traits showed no relationship to population size, degree of isolation, or fragment size, which contrasts strongly with the patterns found in a widespread congener. Demographic studies in remnants with an intact understorey showed stable adult populations with continuous seedling recruitment. In contrast, there was consistent widespread failure of seedling and juvenile recruitment in degraded roadside remnants that also showed significant mortality of reproductive adults. In these degraded remnants, recruitment failure appears to be the primary cause of species decline.

Pollination biology of Geissomeria pubescens Nees (Acanthaceae) in a forest remnant in central Brazil

Botany ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 92 (3) ◽  
pp. 215-222 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raphael Matias ◽  
Hélder Consolaro
Keyword(s):  
Fruit Set ◽  
Floral Biology ◽  
Pollination Biology ◽  
Energy Availability ◽  
Open Pollination ◽  
Forest Fragment ◽  
Central Brazil ◽  
Forest Remnant ◽  
Fruit Formation ◽  
Nectar Availability

Specialized plants like those in genus Geissomeria Lindl. (Acanthaceae) seem to depend directly on pollination by hummingbirds for reproduction. The goal of this study was to investigate the pollination biology of Geissomeria pubescens Nees (Acanthaceae) in a forest fragment in the municipality of Catalão, state of Goiás, Brazil, including aspects of morphology, floral biology, energy availability from nectar, and reproductive system. Geissomeria pubescens has pendulous red flowers, tubular corolla, diurnal anthesis, and no odor. These floral traits characterize G. pubescens as an ornithophilous species. The total amount of energy available from nectar was 8.60 ± 2.87 cal·flower–1, and each individual produced up to 22.53 cal·day–1. Based on the resources offered by G. pubescens, the fragment studied may support up to 94.6 hummingbirds during the peak of nectar availability. Hummingbirds were the only flower visitors, and Thalurania furcata (Gmelin, 1788) was the main pollinator. Flowers from manual cross- and self-pollination treatments produced fruits, but fruit set was low compared with open pollination. These results, along with the lack of fruit set from agamospermy and spontaneous selfing, demonstrate the importance of hummingbirds for pollen flow and, consequently, for fruit formation in G. pubescens.

scholarly journals Effect of Genetically Diverse Pollen on Pollination, Pollen Tube Overgrow, Fruit Set and Morphology of Kiwiberry (Actinidia arguta)

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 1814
Author(s):  
Agnieszka Stasiak ◽  
Piotr Latocha ◽  
Monika Bieniasz
Keyword(s):  
Pollen Tube ◽  
Fruit Set ◽  
Fruit Weight ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Positive Interactions ◽  
Dioecious Plants ◽  
Pollen Quality ◽  
Pollination And Fertilization

Successful pollination and fertilization are crucial processes for obtaining a high yield, especially for dioecious plants such as A. arguta. Determination of pollen tube growth on stigma and fruit development parameters, which were investigated in this study, can enable the evaluation of male–female compatibility—one of the factors of successful pollination. Pollen quality and grain size were analysed for two years on six male cultivars of A. arguta and one of A. chinensis var. deliciosa. Results showed high pollen quality, both with parameters above 80%. Pollen germination in vivo showed differences in pollen–stigma interactions. The highest positive interactions were observed for all female cultivar crosses with male ‘Nostino’ and ‘Rubi’ and the lowest one for A. chinensis var. deliciosa ‘Tomuri’. However, fruit set and average fruit weight were equally high in most of the combinations (fruit set above 75% for the majority of combinations). Some differences were noticed in the average seed number per fruit and weight. All tested male cultivars were able to fertilize tested female cultivars, but taking into account other characteristics such as pollen efficiency, some male cultivars seemed to be more proper for commercial orchards. Using A. chinensis var. deliciosa pollen seems to be unreasonable in tested conditions.

scholarly journals SEED PRODUCTIVITY AND DEVELOPMENT OF PLANTLETS POPULUS × JRTYSCHENSIS CH. Y. YANG

2019 ◽  
pp. 51-57
Author(s):  
B. V. Proshkin ◽  
A. V. Klimov
Keyword(s):  
Filter Paper ◽  
Fruit Set ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Natural Hybrid ◽  
Seed Productivity ◽  
Model Trees ◽  
Fruit Number ◽  
Black Poplar ◽  
Petri Dishes ◽  
Number Of Seeds

The research explores the seed productivity and plantlets growth in the free pollination of the natural hybrid taxon P. × jrtyschensis. Fruits of P. × jrtyschensis were selected from four plants that grow in the collection ofResearchCenter“EducationalBotanical Garden” ofKemerovoStateUniversity. Four P. nigra model trees, randomly selected from theTomRiverfloodplain population, were applied as a control group. The authors used 30 fruit-bearing amentumsfrom each model. The researchers measured set of fruit (capsule); number of ovules per fruit; number of seeds per fruit; set of seeds.. Laboratory germination was determined by sowing Petri dishes on wet filter paper. The authors found out sowing germination by sowing 100 seeds in a box with soil and drainage. The energy of germination was determined on the second day while germination - on the fifth day. P. × jrtyschensis is characterized by a lower level of seed productivity (15-30%) compared to P. nigra. In terms of laboratory germination of seeds, the descendants of hybrids surpassed many P. nigra models, but their soil germination was 20-30% lower than that of black poplar. The observed variability in reproductive indices of both P. × jrtyschensis and P. nigra is mainly caused by specific features of their genotypes. Plantlets being developed, the authors observed no significant differences among the descendants of P. nigra and hybrids. The researchers highlighted plantlets that can stop growing and even more abnormal plants with one, three or four seeds in P. × jrtyschensis. This may be caused by underdevelopment of hypocotyl or germ root. The authors observed breaches in development of P. nigra just once. They outline high plantlets destruction when sowing hybrids on the first day after germination The share of destructed plants within a month (from the beginning of the experiment) reaches 66,0 %, and in P. nigra it does not exceed 40,0 %.

Pollination and Seed Set of Banksia spinulosa: Evidence for Autogamy

1988 ◽  
Vol 36 (6) ◽  
pp. 633 ◽  
Author(s):  
G Vaughton
Keyword(s):  
New England ◽  
Breeding System ◽  
Seed Weight ◽  
National Park ◽  
Fruit Set ◽  
Seed Set ◽  
Pollen Vectors ◽  
Specific Variation ◽  
Number Of Seeds

The breeding system of Banksia spinulosa var. neoanglica in the New England National Park was examined by excluding pollen vectors and hand pollinating inflorescences. Fruit set of xenogamous and open inflorescences was greater than geitonogamous and autogamous treatments, although not all differences were significant. No differences were found in the number of seeds per follicle or seed weight between treatments. A reduced number of follicles and smaller seeds occurred in the apical third of inflorescences in all treatments. This report of autogamous seed set contrasts with previous findings for this species and indicates intra-specific variation in the breeding system.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document