scholarly journals Laboratory invesitgations of variability of Ascochyta fabae Speg. isolates obtained from horse bean

2014 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 165-171
Author(s):  
Antoni Józef Filipowicz
Keyword(s):  
Potato Dextrose Agar ◽  
Malt Agar ◽  
Ascochyta Fabae

Fifty five isolates of <i>Ascochyta fabae</i> Speg. were investigated. They were selected from 1650 isolates of this fungus obtained from horse bean seeds in 1974-1976. All the isolates grew and sporulated on Potato Dextrose Agar, Malt Agar and Horse Bean Agar. The rate of their growth amounted to 1-4 mm per 24 hours. The variability of isolates in size of pycnidia and conidia and number of sepia was noticed. A few spores with untypical shapes were observed as well.

STIMULATION OF RHIZOMORPH DEVELOPMENT OF ARMILLARIA MELLEA BY AUREOBASIDIUM PULLULANS IN ARTIFICIAL CULTURE

1965 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 345-350 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gertrude D. Pentland
Keyword(s):  
Aureobasidium Pullulans ◽  
Indoleacetic Acid ◽  
Synthetic Medium ◽  
Potato Dextrose Agar ◽  
Malt Agar ◽  
Artificial Culture ◽  
Armillaria Mellea ◽  
Stimulation Of

In artificial culture, Aureobasidium pullulans (de Bary) Arnaud produced a stimulatory effect on rhizomorph development of Armillaria mellea (Fr.) Quél. Tests were carried out on malt agar, potato dextrose agar, and a chemically defined synthetic medium. The stimulatory substance (or substances) produced by A. pullulans was extracellular, diffusible in the medium and volatile. Tests indicated that the stimulation was caused by something other than ethanol or indoleacetic acid.

scholarly journals Mycobiota of rape seeds in Romania. I. Identification of mycobiota associated with rape seeds from different areas of Romania

2013 ◽  
Vol 48 (2) ◽  
pp. 263-277
Author(s):  
Tatiana-Eugenia Şesan ◽  
Octavian Groza
Keyword(s):  
Sclerotinia Sclerotiorum ◽  
Fungal Diversity ◽  
Culture Media ◽  
Pathogenic Fungi ◽  
Health Condition ◽  
Potato Dextrose Agar ◽  
Malt Agar ◽  
Alternaria Brassicae ◽  
Rape Seed ◽  
First Time

<p>The spectrum of fungal diversity associated with rape seeds belonging to 33 cultivars (Alaska, Astrada, Astrid, Atlantic, Betty, Champlein, Chayenne, Dexter, Digger, Elvis, Eurowest, Finesse, Herkules, Hydromel, Hydromel-MA, Ladoga, anitoba, Masa Rom, Milena, Mohican, Montego, Nectar, Ontario, Orkan, Perla (4 lots), Remy, Robust, Rodeo, Saphir, Tiger, Tiger CBC Lot ROM06-121-110, Triangle, Valesca, Vectra) and 2 hybrids (H-90-20-83, H-90-21-83) has been established by samples’ macroscopical and microscopical analizying, during 2006-2008, for the first time in Romania. The Ulster method on malt-agar and PDA culture media has been used, evaluating the percentage of fungal taxons present on/in rape seeds. The most important pathogenic fungi identified were: <em>Sclerotinia sclerotiorum </em>(Lib.) de Bary, <em>Botrytis cinerea </em>Pers., <em>Rhizoctonia solani </em>Kühn, <em>Alternaria brassicae </em>(Berk.) Sacc., <em>A. brassicicola </em>(Schwein.) Wiltshire and <em>Fusarium </em>spp. Also, a large quantities of some saprophytic fungi, as <em>Alternaria</em>, <em>Cladosporium</em>, <em>Aspergillus</em>, <em>Penicillium</em>, <em>Rhizopus </em>have been recorded. These ones have been affected the health condition of rape seeds, suppressing their germination and other vital phenomena. Among potential antagonistic fungi the following genera have been isolated: <em>Chaetomium </em>(0-4%), <em>Trichoderma </em>(0-10%), <em>Aspergillus </em>(0-14%), <em>Penicillium </em>(0-100%). Some correlations and comparisons have been established between fungal diversity, their provenience, cultivars, culture media (Malt-Agar/MA, Potato-Dextrose-Agar/PDA) used. It has been evaluated the behaviour of rape cultivars and hybrids towards the main rape seed pathogens.</p>

Colletotrichum Gloeosporioides Species Complex: Pathogen Causing Anthracnose, Gummosis and Die-Back Diseases of Cashew (Anacardium Occidentale L.) In Ghana

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Muntala ◽  
P. M. Norshie ◽  
K. G. Santo ◽  
C. K. S. Saba
Keyword(s):  
Species Complex ◽  
Colletotrichum Gloeosporioides ◽  
Potato Dextrose Agar ◽  
Causal Agent ◽  
Anacardium Occidentale ◽  
Causative Organism ◽  
Pathogenicity Test ◽  
Small Water ◽  
Colletotrichum Gloeosporioides Species Complex

A survey was conducted in twenty-five cashew (Anacardium occidentale) orchards in five communities in the Dormaa-Central Municipality of Bono Region of Ghana to assess the incidence and severity of anthracnose, gummosis and die-back diseases on cashew. Cashew diseased samples of leaves, stem, inflorescences, twigs, flowers, nuts and apples showing symptoms (e. g. small, water-soaked, circular or irregular yellow, dark or brown spots or lesions on leaves, fruits and flowers, sunken surface, especially on the apples, blight, gum exudates) were collected for isolation of presumptive causative organism. The pathogen was isolated after disinfecting the excised diseased pieces in 70% ethanol, plated on potato dextrose agar (PDA) and incubated at 28 oC for 3 to 7 days. The identity of the putative pathogen was morphologically and culturally confirmed as belonging to Colletotrichum gloeosporioides species complex using standard mycological identification protocols. The pathogen had varied conidia sizes of between 9-15 up to 20 μm in length and diameter of 3-6 μm. The conidia were straight and cylindrically shaped with rounded or obtuse ends. The septate mycelium was whitish-grey, velvety and cotton-like in appearance from the top. The results confirmed the presence of the pathogen in the orchards with incidence ranging from 6.9% and 14.0% for gummosis and averaged 22.9% for anthracnose infected orchards. The result of the pathogenicity test confirmed the isolates to be pathogenic on inoculated cashew seedlings and were consistently re-isolated, thereby establishing the pathogen as the true causal agent of the said diseases in cashew trees and thus completed the Koch’s postulate.

scholarly journals Outbreak of Leaf Spot and Fruit Rot in Florida Strawberry Caused by Neopestalotiopsis spp.

Plant Disease ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. PDIS-06-20-1290
Author(s):  
Juliana S. Baggio ◽  
Bruna B. Forcelini ◽  
Nan-Yi Wang ◽  
Rafaela G. Ruschel ◽  
James C. Mertely ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Internal Transcribed Spacer ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Taxonomic Status ◽  
Spore Production ◽  
Potato Dextrose Agar ◽  
Fruit Rot ◽  
Low Genetic Diversity ◽  
Pathogenicity Tests ◽  
A New Species

Pestalotiopsis-like species have been reported affecting strawberry worldwide. Recently, severe and unprecedented outbreaks have been reported in Florida commercial fields where leaf, fruit, petiole, crown, and root symptoms were observed, and yield was severely affected. The taxonomic status of the fungus is confusing because it has gone through multiple reclassifications over the years. Morphological characteristics, phylogenetic analyses, and pathogenicity tests were evaluated for strawberry isolates recovered from diseased plants in Florida. Phylogenetic analyses derived from the combined internal transcribed spacer, β-tub, and tef1 regions demonstrated that although there was low genetic diversity among the strawberry isolates, there was a clear separation of the isolates in two groups. The first group included isolates recovered over a period of several years, which was identified as Neopestalotiopsis rosae. Most isolates recovered during the recent outbreaks were genetically different and may belong to a new species. On potato dextrose agar, both groups produced white, circular, and cottony colonies. From the bottom, colonies were white to pale yellow for Neopestalotiopsis sp. and pale luteous to orange for N. rosae. Spores for both groups were five-celled with three median versicolored cells. Mycelial growth and spore production were higher for the new Neopestalotiopsis sp. isolates. Isolates from both groups were pathogenic to strawberry roots and crowns. However, the new Neopestalotiopsis sp. proved more aggressive in fruit and leaf inoculation tests, confirming observations from the recent outbreaks in commercial strawberry fields in Florida.

scholarly journals Effects of Long-Wave UV Light on Monilinia Growth and Identification of Species

Plant Disease ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 83 (1) ◽  
pp. 62-65 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. De Cal ◽  
P. Melgarejo
Keyword(s):  
Short Distance ◽  
Mycelial Growth ◽  
Uv Light ◽  
Dark Period ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Potato Dextrose Agar ◽  
Long Wave ◽  
The World ◽  
Identification Of Species ◽  
Respective Species

The effect of long-wave UV/dark period on mycelial growth of 46 isolates of Monilinia sp. collected in Spain and 16 isolates collected from other parts of the world was investigated. Typical isolates of M. laxa, M. fructigena, and M. fructicola were grown in the dark and identified by morphological characteristics. Long-wave UV/dark conditions reduced the growth rates of M. laxa, M. fructigena, and M. fructicola on potato dextrose agar. All isolates of M. fructigena grew more slowly than those of M. fructicola. Typical and atypical isolates of M. fructigena and M. fructicola were placed in their respective species based on long-wave UV/dark growth rate data. M. laxa isolates were readily distinguished by the short distance from their conidium to the first germ tube branch. The involvement of different photoreceptors in photoresponses by M. fructicola and M. fructigena is discussed. Differences in mycelial growth under long-wave UV may be a useful tool to identify Monilinia spp.

EFFECT OF PASMO DISEASE ON SEED YIELD AND THOUSAND KERNEL WEIGHT OF FLAX

1950 ◽  
Vol 28c (5) ◽  
pp. 493-512 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. E. Sackston
Keyword(s):  
Seed Yield ◽  
Yeast Extract ◽  
Kernel Weight ◽  
Potato Dextrose Agar ◽  
Seedling Stage ◽  
Flowering Stage ◽  
Thousand Kernel Weight ◽  
Stages Of Growth ◽  
Positive Correlations ◽  
Field Plots

The pasmo pathogen sporulated freely on potato dextrose agar containing yeast extract. Spores suspended in water with gelatin as a spreader–sticker were sprayed onto flax plants at different stages of growth in field plots. Heaviest infections of pasmo resulted from inoculations at the flowering stage, lighter infections from inoculations on seedlings, and lightest infections from inoculations on ripening plants. Diluting the concentration of spores in the inoculum reduced disease intensity. The four flax varieties in the tests differed in reaction to pasmo. In decreasing order of susceptibility they were: Viking, Redwing, Royal, and Crystal. Heavy infections of pasmo caused premature ripening and reduced the seed yield and weight per thousand kernels of all four varieties. The effects of pasmo infection on seed yield and kernel weight were similar to those caused by a hot, dry climate, and by flax rust. Seed yield and kernel weight were reduced most markedly by inoculation at the flowering stage, less severely by inoculation at the seedling stage, and least of all by inoculation at the time of ripening. Seed yield and kernel weight from plots inoculated when the plants were ripening did not differ significantly from the uninoculated checks. Highly significant positive correlations between the data for seed yield and kernel weight indicated that much of the loss in yield resulted from a reduction in the size of individual seeds.

Screening and Identification of Laccase Producing Fungi from Environmental Samples

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 91-98
Author(s):  
A. Bello ◽  
◽  
J. B. Ameh ◽  
D. A. Machido ◽  
A. I. Mohammed-Dabo
Keyword(s):  
Tannic Acid ◽  
Fungal Species ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Potato Dextrose Agar ◽  
Laccase Production ◽  
Curvularia Lunata ◽  
Main Campus ◽  
Fungal Isolates ◽  
Screening And Identification ◽  
Decaying Wood

Laccases are oxidases with broad substrate specificity and ability to oxidize various phenolic and non-phenolic compounds. This study was carried out to isolate and characterizes laccase producing fungi from environment samples. Soil and decaying wood samples were collected from different locations within Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria Main campus. Suspensions of the samples (1 g in 10 mL sterile distilled water) were serially diluted, inoculated onto Potato Dextrose Agar (PDA) containing 0.01% Chloramphenicol and incubated for 7 days at 30oC.The fungal isolates were characterized macroscopically and microscopically with the aid of an atlas. The identified fungal isolates were screened for laccase production by inoculating onto PDA containing 0.02% Guaiacol, 1mM ABTS (2 2’-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) and 0.5% Tannic acid as indicator compounds and incubated at 250C for 7 days. The laccase producing isolates were confirmed molecularly by ITS rDNA sequence analysis using the FASTA algorithm with the Fungus database from the European Bioinformatics Institute (EBI).A total of 25 fungal species (11 from soil and 14 from decaying wood samples) were isolated. Two isolates from the soil origin identified as Curvularia lunata SSI7 (Accession No. QIE06317.1) and Fusarium clade VII SSI3 (Accession No. GQ505677) were found to produce laccase where Curvularia lunata SSI7 was able to oxidize all the indicator compounds used for the screening. Fusarium clade VII SSI3 was able to oxidize only 0.5% Tannic acid. Laccase producing Curvularia lunata and Fusarium clade VII were isolated from soil samples collected from ABU Zaria Main Campus. Keywords: laccase, fungi, soil, decaying wood

Uji Efek Anti Fungi Ekstrak Daun Biduri (Calotropis gigantea L.) Terhadap Pertumbuhan Jamur Trichophyton mentagrophytes

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 17
Author(s):  
Rosa Mardiana ◽  
Safrida Safrida ◽  
Nurul Husna
Keyword(s):  
Trichophyton Mentagrophytes ◽  
Potato Dextrose Agar ◽  
Calotropis Gigantea ◽  
Rotary Evaporator ◽  
Banda Aceh

Daun biduri (Calotropis gigantea L.) merupakan salah satu tanaman yang dapat digunakan sebagai antifungi. Daun biduri dijadikan sebagai antifungi berdasarkan zat kimia yang terdapat didalamnya seperti tannin, saponin flavonoid dan polifenol. Jamur Trichophyton mentagrophytes dapat menyebabkan penyakit kulit yang ditandai dengan timbulnya bercak melingkar dan bersisik atau gelembung kecil yang dikenal dengan istilah Tinea atau kurap. Jamur ini memiliki habitat (terutama pada daerah yang beriklim tropis dan basah) di tanah, manusia dan hewan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui efektifitas ekstrak daun biduri (Calotropis gigantea L.) dalam menghambat pertumbuhan jamur Trichophyton mentagrophytes dan untuk mengetahui berapakah konsentrasi optimal ekstrak daun biduri (Calotropis gigantea L.) untuk menghambat pertumbuhan jamur Trichophyton mentagrophytes. Penelitian ini dilakukan di Laboratorium Mikrobiologi Fakultas Tarbiyah UIN Ar-Raniry dan Laboratorium kimia FKIP kimia Universitas Syiah Kuala Banda Aceh pada tanggal 26 April sampai 21 Agustus 2018. Daun biduri diekstraksi dengan menggunakan metode maserasi yang direndam selama 5 hari dengan 2 kali pengulangan dan diuapkan dengan menggunakan alat rotary evaporator hingga memperoleh ekstrak sebanyak 30 ml berwarna hijau kehitaman dan kental. Uji daya hambat terhadap jamur Trichophyton mentagrophtes dilakukan dengan metode difusi disc difussion pada media Potato Dextrose Agar (PDA) dengan konsentrasi 20%, 35% dan 50%. Antifungi ketoconazole yang dibuat dalam bentuk suspensi sebagai kontrol positif dan aquadest sebagai kontrol negatif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa diameter zona hambat yang diperoleh dari ekstrak daun biduri pada konsentrasi 50% sebesar 9,16 mm termasuk dalam kategori sedang, pada konsentrasi 35% sebesar 8,66 mm termasuk dalam kategori sedang, konsentrasi 20% sebesar 8,16 mm termasuk dalam kategori sedang, pada ketoconazole suspensi sebesar 11,83 mm termasuk dalam kategori kuat dan pada aquadest sebesar 0 mm yang tidak memiliki daya hamba

Croissance et fructification de Ceratocystis spp. avec attention particulière à C. piceae et C. fimbriata, en fonction du substrat

1982 ◽  
Vol 60 (4) ◽  
pp. 358-363
Author(s):  
A. Thuillier ◽  
P. Neumann
Keyword(s):  
Nutrient Solution ◽  
Culture Media ◽  
Basal Medium ◽  
Malt Agar ◽  
Fruiting Bodies ◽  
Ceratocystis Fimbriata ◽  
Good Production ◽  
Wood Extracts ◽  
Standard Culture ◽  
Better Than

Ceratocystis coerulescens, C. fimbriata, C. ips, and C. minor were tested for production of sexual fruiting bodies, and C. penicillata and C. piceae for asexual fruiting bodies. Ceratocystis fimbriata produced perithecia easily on standard culture media, but there were marked differences between the two strains tested (503, 560). Strain 503 had a good production of fruiting bodies on malt agar (M) and a basal nutrient solution (N). Strain 560 fared better than 503 on Leonian agar (L), but did not fructify on M and N. Supplementing media with various wood extracts produced better results. M + maple sapwood extracts and L + poplar sapwood extracts gave the best results with strain 503, and L + pine sapwood extracts was the best with strain 560.Production of coremia was also influenced by the basal medium and the kind of extracts added as supplements. Fir and maple extracts stimulated the production of fruiting bodies, whereas pine and poplar extracts had no or very little stimulating effects. In every other species tested, the production of fruiting bodies was none or very irregular. [Journal translation]

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