scholarly journals Influence of some physical factors on the growth and sporulation of entomopathogenic fungi

2013 ◽  
Vol 42 (2) ◽  
pp. 255-265 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jerzy Piątkowski ◽  
Aneta Krzyżewska
Keyword(s):  
Uv Radiation ◽  
Entomopathogenic Fungi ◽  
Physical Parameters ◽  
Physical Factors ◽  
Fungal Strains ◽  
Lethal Action ◽  
Inoculation Techniques

The objective of the study was to examine, how some physical factors and inoculation techniques affect the growth and sporulation of three insecticidal fungal strains, <em>Hirsutella tompsonii, Paecilomyces</em> sp., and <em>Pandora</em> sp. Although the methods of inoculation, as well as such physical parameters as temperature, the osmotic value of the habitat and UV radiation, exerted an influence on the above-mentioned features of the fungi, their contribution varied from one strain to another. Some of the effects, however (e.g., the production of filamentous structures by <em>Pandora</em>, or the lethal action of glycerol on <em>Pandora</em>), require a close examination.

scholarly journals Entomopathogenic fungi as the microbial frontline against the alien Eucalyptus pest Gonipterus platensis in Brazil

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Carolina Jordan ◽  
Paula Leite dos Santos ◽  
Leiliane Rodrigues dos Santos Oliveira ◽  
Mauricio Magalhães Domingues ◽  
Bianca Cristina Costa Gêa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Entomopathogenic Fungi ◽  
Metarhizium Anisopliae ◽  
Natural Variation ◽  
Fungal Strains ◽  
Conidial Production ◽  
Laboratory Conditions ◽  
Virulent Strains ◽  
Eucalyptus Plantations ◽  
Infected Adult

AbstractThe eucalyptus snout beetle (ESB), Gonipterus platensis, is endemic to Australia but has become a major invasive, destructive pest of Brazilian eucalyptus plantations. Efforts to develop insecticides based on entomopathogenic fungi against ESB are limited by the lack of known virulent strains. We therefore explored the virulence of indigenous Brazilian strains of major entomopathogenic fungi—Beauveria spp. and Metarhizium anisopliae—against ESB adults. We found widely varying virulence and later capacities for conidial production on infected adult cadavers. Two strains stood out, B. bassiana IBCB-240 and M. anisopliae IBCB-364, as especially lethal for ESB adults under laboratory conditions, sporulated abundantly on infected insects, and also outperformed comparable strains used in commercial mycoinsecticides. Notably, B. bassiana IBCB-240 exhibited lower LT50 values at low inoculum levels (≤ 107 conidia mL−1) and smaller LC50 values than M. anisopliae IBCB-364. Taken together, this study emphasizes natural variation in virulence among indigenous Beauveria and Metarhizium strains against ESB adults and identifies fungal strains with superior lethality to existing commercialized strains for managing this eucalyptus pest in Brazil.

Simulation of Thrombus Formation Process Using Lattice Boltzmann Method With Consideration of Adhesion Force to Wall

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Masaaki Tamagawa
Keyword(s):  
Lattice Boltzmann Method ◽  
Lattice Boltzmann ◽  
Adhesion Force ◽  
Thrombus Formation ◽  
Artificial Organs ◽  
Physical Parameters ◽  
Physical Factors ◽  
Blood Pumps ◽  
Boltzmann Method ◽  
Rotary Blood Pumps

Recently artificial organs, especially rotary blood pumps, have been developed in the worldwide, but in this development, thrombus occurs in the pumps. In general, the main physical factors of thrombus formation are considered to be shear rate, wall properties for blood’s adhesion. But, there are no proper CFD codes for predicting thrombus formations using physical parameters in shear flows. In this paper, new model for predicting thrombus formation by considering aggregation and adhesion force to the wall by lattice Boltzmann method is proposed, and the trend of thrombus’s adhesion to the wall can be simulated more adequately than that of previous one.

scholarly journals Study of Changes in Physical Parameters of compost and vermicompost of Eucalyptus leaf litters

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 34-40
Author(s):  
Ritu Nagar ◽  
Anurag Titov ◽  
Praveesh Bhati
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Leaf Litter ◽  
Initial Temperature ◽  
Cattle Dung ◽  
Physical Parameters ◽  
Physical Factors ◽  
Eudrilus Eugeniae ◽  
Minimum Level ◽  
Metabolic Heat ◽  
Later Phase

Vermicompost and compost of leaf litter of Eucalyptus was studied in plastic bins in duplicate sets with two different proportions (100 % and 50 %). For vermicompost experiments, epigeic earthworm species Eisenia foetida and Eudrilus eugeniae were employed at 10-10 numbers each per vermicompost bins. Cattle dung was taken as control. During the entire process physical factors viz. temperature, pH, moisture content and biomass were measured and compaired. The results were reveal that initial temperature was 35°C ± 2°C in both vermicompost and compost leaf litter and after several weeks, it was set at minimum level. In 50 % leaf litter temperature was 2-3°C higher than 100 % leaf litter. pH of both vermicompost and compost mixtures were acidic in beginning phase while set at alkaline at final stage. Vermicompost had lower pH than compost. Moisture content of leaf litter also decreased in initial phase due to generation of metabolic heat but at later phase it was increased due to decreasing of metabolic heat. More changed was seen in 100 % leaf litter followed by 50 % and then cattle dung. Biomass of leaf litter was more decreased in 100 % waste then 50 % and cattle dung.

scholarly journals Energy Efficient Routing based on Reliability for Mobile Ad hoc Network

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 5327-5330
Keyword(s):  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Mobile Ad Hoc Network ◽  
Data Communication ◽  
Physical Factor ◽  
Physical Parameters ◽  
Physical Factors ◽  
Quality Factors ◽  
Energy Efficient Routing ◽  
Performance Factors ◽  
And Performance

MANETs is a network which has nodes. Communication is done without use of infrastructure. Quality based routing is developed which considers end to end qualitatiove data communication. A number of protocols were designed and suggested by researchers to achieve effective communication in MANETs. Considering number of quality factors as energy, trust, bandwidth etc a number of protocols are existing. But still there are number of factors those can consider to enhance the performance of the protocols used for the communication purpose. The existing schemes were effective enough but still as factors those were considering only the resources held by a node not the physical factors were present as node is to survive and communication in network. So further enhancements were possible by considering the physical parameters. Inspired from that in this paper a proposed scheme considering physical factor name as Distance is considered as the improvement to the traditional scheme. The distance factor is behaving as finding the physical presence of the node in the network also the distance factor will help to find the appropriate node for the next hop to communicate. A simulation is conducted in MATLAB software and performance factors as throughput and energy are analyzed, also an comparison with existing system is done and the results shows that the proposed scheme is effective enough to achieve QOS based routing with reduced energy consumption and high throughput.

scholarly journals Amino Acids in Entomopathogenic Fungi Cultured In Vitro

Agronomy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 1899
Author(s):  
Lech Wojciech Szajdak ◽  
Stanisław Bałazy ◽  
Teresa Meysner
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Entomopathogenic Fungi ◽  
Pathogenic Fungi ◽  
Individual Species ◽  
Conidiobolus Coronatus ◽  
Fungal Strains ◽  
Isaria Farinosa ◽  
Lecanicillium Lecanii ◽  
Wide Range

The content of bounded amino acids in six entomopathogenic fungi was identified and determined. Analyzing the elements characterizing the pathogenicity of individual species of fungi based on infectivity criteria, ranges of infected hosts, and the ability to induce epizootics, these can be ranked in the following order: Isaria farinosa, Isaria tenuipes, Isaria fumosorose, Lecanicillium lecanii, Conidiobolus coronatus, Isaria coleopterorum. These fungi represent two types of Hyphomycetales-Paecilomyces Bainier and Verticillium Nees ex Fr. and one type of Entomophtorales-Conidiobolus Brefeld. Our study indicates that there are significant quantitative and qualitative differences of bounded amino acids in the entomopathogenic fungal strains contained in the mycelium between high and low pathogenicity strains. The richest composition of bounded amino acids has been shown in the mycelium of the Isaria farinosa strain, which is one of the most commonly presented pathogenic fungi in this group with a very wide range of infected hosts and is the most frequently recorded in nature as an important factor limiting the population of insects.

Die Beeinflussung des Flügelmusters vom Tagpfauenauge, Inachis io L. (Nymphalidae-Lepidoptera), durch physikalische Faktoren und seine radioaktive Markierbarkeit / The Influence of the Wing-pattern of the Peacock Butterfly, Inachis io L. (Nymphalidae-Lepidoptera), by Physical Factors and its Ability to be Radioactively Marked

1972 ◽  
Vol 27 (10) ◽  
pp. 1258-1263
Author(s):  
Rainer Hamm ◽  
Manfred Lüdicke
Keyword(s):  
Sulfuric Acid ◽  
Uv Radiation ◽  
Sodium Sulfate ◽  
Physical Factors ◽  
Wing Pattern ◽  
Inachis Io ◽  
Lymphatic Fluid

The different radioautographic patterns were observed on the upper surface of fore wings of Inachis io L. when 35S-sodium sulfate, 3H-tryptophane and 14C-hydrolysed protein were orally applied or injected to the larvae or pupae of the butterfly.35S-sodium sulfate and 3H-tryptophane were found in ommochrome containing scale areas, whereas 14C-hydrolysed protein could be detected only in melanine containing scale areas by radioautographic methods. These results prove that the 35S-sodium sulfate can be utilized in the synthesis of ommatin D as ester of sulfuric acid.By means of particular UV-radiation the colour and form of wings were changed. This change is either due to the interruption of the flow of determination responsible for the formation of pattern or the blockage of lymphatic fluid. The radioautographic pattern of the treated wing shows also the change of form, colour and position of the scale areas.

scholarly journals Use of different non-chemical methods for the management of adult Callosobruchus maculatus (F.) (Coleoptera: Bruchidae) in stored chickpea

2018 ◽  
Vol 23 ◽  
pp. 57-65
Author(s):  
SHA Mahdi ◽  
M Hasan ◽  
I Mahfuz ◽  
M Khalequzzaman
Keyword(s):  
Low Temperature ◽  
Uv Radiation ◽  
Callosobruchus Maculatus ◽  
Exposure Period ◽  
Temperature Treatment ◽  
Physical Factors ◽  
Dry Heat ◽  
Low Temperature Treatment ◽  
Plant Powders ◽  
Parthenium Weed

The efficiency of physical factors (dry heat, low temperature and UV-radiation), leaf powders of Neem (Azadirachta indica A. Juss.), Bichuti (Flacourtia indica Merr.) and Parthenium weed (Parthenium hysterophorus L.) and two insecticides (Salvo and Amithrin plus) was evaluated against Callosobruchus maculatus (F.). For dry heat treatment, the calculated LD50 values for C. maculatus were 56.92, 54.26, 52.27, 50.76, 49.09, 50.55 and 29.59°C after 50, 60, 70, and 80 minutes, 24, 36, 48 h of treatment respectively, and the LD50 values were 58.61 and 5.18°C at 1 and 2 h for low temperature treatment respectively. LT50 values of the treatment of UV-radiation were 48.63, 29.89, 17.54, 11.11, 5.93 and 1.35 °C for the exposure period of 24, 36, 48, 60, 72 and 48 h respectively. The calculated LD50 values of leaf powder were 3.38, 3.15, 2.88, 2.45 and 2.40 mg cm-2 for A. indica, 3.91, 3.80, 3.55, 3.30, and 3.08 for F. indica, 12.11, 4.35, 1.86, 1.49, and 1.36 for P. hysterophorus after 12, 24, 36, 48 and 60 h of treatment respectively. The calculated LD50 values were 0.64, 0.33, 0.23, 0.04 and 0.008 mg cm-2 for Salvo and 0.35, 0.23, 0.09, 0.08 and 0.01 mg cm-2 for Amithrin plus at 12, 24, 36, 48 and 60 h respectively. The order of effectiveness of physical factors was dry heat >low temperature >UV-radiation. On the other hand, the order of toxicity of plant powders was F. indica >A. indica >P. hysterophorus. In case of insecticides it was Amithrin plus >Salvo. The findings suggest that physical factors and plant leaf powders can be used in integration with other bio rational approaches.J. bio-sci. 23: 57-65, 2015

scholarly journals Classification of Different Blueberry Cultivars by Analysis of Physical Factors, Chemical and Nutritional Ingredients, and Antioxidant Capacities

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Juan Song ◽  
Qiong Shi ◽  
Si-Min Yan ◽  
Hai-Yan Fu ◽  
Si-Zhan Wu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Supervised Classification ◽  
Particle Swarm Optimization Algorithm ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Physical Parameters ◽  
Physical Factors ◽  
Quality Indices ◽  
Quality Factors ◽  
Key Factors ◽  
Nutritional Components

Blueberry fruits of different cultivars are featured with different quality indices. In this work, three types of quality factors, including 6 physical parameters, 12 chemical and nutritional components, and 3 antioxidant indices, were measured to compare and classify blueberry fruits from 12 different cultivars in China. Using the autoscaled data of quality factors, unsupervised principal component analysis was performed for exploratory analysis of intercultivar differences and the influences of quality factors. A supervised classification method, partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLSDA), was combined with the global particle swarm optimization algorithm (PSO) and two multiclass strategies, one-versus-rest (OVR) and one-versus-one (OVO), to select discriminative quality factors and develop classification models of the 12 cultivars. As a result, OVO-PLSDA with 8 quality factors could achieve the classification accuracy of 0.915. This study will provide new insights into the quality variations and key factors among different blueberry cultivars.

Effects of some physical factors on the stability of collapsing stars

2014 ◽  
Vol 23 (10) ◽  
pp. 1450085 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Sharif ◽  
M. Zaeem Ul Haq Bhatti
Keyword(s):  
Heat Flux ◽  
Shear Viscosity ◽  
Anisotropic Pressure ◽  
Physical Parameters ◽  
Physical Factors ◽  
Field Equations ◽  
Radiation Density ◽  
Instability Range ◽  
Instability Regions ◽  
The Stability

This paper formulates the instability regions of a general charged spherically symmetric matter distribution with anisotropic pressure, shear viscosity, radiation density and radial heat flux. Matching conditions are found by taking Reissner–Nordström–Vaidya spacetime as an exterior geometry. The perturbed forms of Einstein–Maxwell field equations and conservation laws are constructed to formulate the collapse equation. The instability regions are identified under N and pN limits for the stability analysis. We conclude that the adiabatic index identifies the instability range which depends upon physical parameters like anisotropic pressure, energy density, shear viscosity and electromagnetic field and heat flux but radiation density has no role.

scholarly journals Mapping of Landslide Hazard Distribution in Alo Watershed Gorontalo Regency

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 30-40
Author(s):  
Risman Jaya ◽  
Ahmad Syamsu Rijal
Keyword(s):  
Local Community ◽  
Public Works ◽  
Geographical Information ◽  
Physical Parameters ◽  
Physical Factors ◽  
Scoring Method ◽  
Watershed Area ◽  
Landslide Occurrence ◽  
Landslide Distribution ◽  
Hazard Distribution

Landslide occurrence can be influenced by physical factors and human activities. Thus, research related to the provision of information about landslide distribution in Alo watershed is needed as a basis in enhancing community preparedness in dealing with disasters. The method used in this study is the scoring method based on the Minister of Public Works Regulation No.22 / PRT / M / 2017 which is processed through a geographical information system through the overlay of all physical parameters. The result shows that the Alo watershed area is divided into three vulnerability categories. "Low" category covers 7171.8 ha, "medium" category covers 12008.7 ha, and "high" category covers 5039.5 ha out of 24.221 ha the total area of Alo watershed. Information provided in this research is expected to be able to help the local government in making policies in managing the Alo watershed area and enhancing the understanding of the local community in Alo watershed in dealing with disasters.

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