scholarly journals New Records of Rare Hypogeous Fungi from Poland (Central Europe)

2021 ◽  
Vol 55 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Piotr Mleczko ◽  
Maciej Kozak ◽  
Filip Karpowicz
Keyword(s):  
Central Europe ◽  
Mixed Forest ◽  
Abies Alba ◽  
Wide Distribution ◽  
Western Carpathians ◽  
High Mountain ◽  
Hypogeous Fungi ◽  
Eastern Carpathians ◽  
New Localities ◽  
Tatra Mts

Investigations carried out in recent years have provided new data on the localities of some rare hypogeous fungi in Central Europe. In this study, we present new localities of <em>Leucangium carthusianum</em>, <em>Melanogaster luteus</em>, and <em>Rhizopogon </em><em>melanogastroides</em>, two of which are new for Poland. Sporocarps of <em>L. carthusianum </em>were found in seven new localities in mixed and coniferous forests in the Western Carpathians as well as in Sudetes. In Poland, the species was also recorded in a mixed forest in the Kraków-Częstochowa Upland. Fir, <em>Abies alba</em>, accompanied the fungus in almost all known localities. Three localities of <em>M. luteus </em>were found in the Polish Western and Eastern Carpathians in <em>Alnus incana </em>communities mostly associated with streams. Knowledge of the distribution of this species in Europe is incomplete due to the complicated taxonomic history; nevertheless, it is regarded as rare, despite its wide distribution. One new locality of <em>R. melanogastroides </em>recorded in the Tatra Mts, Western Carpathians, is the fourth known to date. This species is mostly associated with <em>Pinus mugo </em>in high mountain localities (the Alps, the Tatra Mts). In this study, detailed descriptions and illustrations of the macro- and micromorphological features of the species are provided.

scholarly journals New localities of Chamonixia caespitosa (hypogeous Boletaceae) in Central Europe

2013 ◽  
Vol 44 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-42 ◽  
Author(s):  
Piotr Mleczko ◽  
Maciej Kozak ◽  
Maria Ławrynowicz ◽  
Anna Górczyk
Keyword(s):  
Central Europe ◽  
Mixed Forest ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Taxonomic Position ◽  
Spruce Forest ◽  
Central European ◽  
Humus Layer ◽  
New Localities ◽  
Tatra Mts ◽  
First Time

<em>Chamonixia caespitosa</em> Rolland, has been recently found in Poland for the first time after 1945. The basidiocarps, partially exposed from the humus layer, were found in two localities: in the spruce forest in the Polish Tatra Mts., at the elevation of 1540 m a.s.l., and in the mixed forest with spruce and fir in the Beskid Niski Mts. at the elevation of app. 400 m a.s.l. The description of the Polish specimens generally agrees with descriptions of the specimens found in other Central European countries. The roundish to tuberculate basidiocarps were characterized by the presence of highly reduced stipe, whitish colour of the peridium changing rapidly to blue after exposure to air, small, complete or incomplete columella and brown, spongy gleba. Typically 4-spored basidia were present which produced ellipsoid, brown spores with the ornamentation in the form of rough, interconnected ridges. Taxonomic position, ecology and chorology of the species, the ontogeny of basidiocarps and description of ectomycorrhizae are summarized in the paper.

Mountain aquatic Isoëtes populations reflect millennial-scale environmental changes in the Bohemian Forest Ecosystem, Central Europe

The Holocene ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 095968362098806
Author(s):  
Alice Moravcová ◽  
Anna Tichá ◽  
Vachel A Carter ◽  
Daniel Vondrák ◽  
Martina Čtvrtlíková ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Central Europe ◽  
Forest Ecosystem ◽  
Environmental Changes ◽  
Abies Alba ◽  
Plant Macrofossils ◽  
Wide Distribution ◽  
Low Oxygen ◽  
Bohemian Forest ◽  
The Bohemian Forest ◽  
Millennial Scale

In this study we aim to investigate millennial-scale dynamics of Isoëtes, a type of macrophyte well adapted to oligotrophic and clear-water lakes. Despite its wide distribution during the Early Holocene, nowadays Isoëtes is considered as vulnerable or critically endangered in many Central European countries. Using a multi-proxy palaeoecological reconstruction involving Isoëtes micro- and megaspores, pollen, plant macrofossils, macro-charcoal, diatoms and chironomids from four lakes (Prášilské jezero, Plešné jezero, Černé jezero, Rachelsee) located in the Bohemian Forest Ecosystem mountain region in Central Europe, we reconstruct Isoëtes dynamics and discuss how local environmental factors impacted its distribution and abundance during the Holocene. Our results show regionally concurrent patterns of Isoëtes colonisation across all lakes beginning 10,300–9300 cal yr BP, and substantially declining around 6400 cal yr BP. Results from Prášilské jezero imply that Isoëtes decline and collapse in this lake reflect gradual dystrophication that led to the browning of lake water. This is evidenced by a shift in diatom assemblages towards more acidophilous taxa dominated by Asterionella ralfsii and by a decrease in total chironomid abundance and taxa sensitive to low oxygen levels. Dystrophication of Prášilské jezero was linked with the immigration of the late-successional tree taxa ( Picea abies and later Fagus sylvatica and Abies alba), peatland expansion, and decreasing fire activity. Multi-site comparison of pollen records suggest that these vegetation-related environmental changes were common for the whole region. Our study demonstrates the sensitivity of Isoëtes to millennial-scale natural environmental changes within the surrounding lake catchment.

scholarly journals The highest documented occurrence of Crocidura leucodon in the Western Carpathians (Eulipotyphla: Soricidae)

2018 ◽  
Vol 49 (1) ◽  
pp. 243-246
Author(s):  
Andrea Lešová ◽  
Peter Lešo ◽  
Rudolf Kropil
Keyword(s):  
Central Europe ◽  
Species Range ◽  
Western Carpathians ◽  
Distribution Area ◽  
Mountain Range ◽  
Mountain Ridge ◽  
Mountain Meadow ◽  
Tatra Mts ◽  
Southern Border

Abstract A dead individual of C. leucodon was found in the Lower Tatra Mts. (Central Slovakia, Western Carpathians). The site is situated in the westernmost part of the main ridge of this mountain range at the altitude of 1,150 m a. s. l. The prevaling habitat is a mountain meadow surrounded by spruce and beach-maple forests. In Central Europe, the species usually occurs in lowland and hilly areas, records above 600 m a. s. l. are very rare. The finding of C. leucodon in the mountain ridge at this extraordinary altitude is the highest documented occurrence of the species in the Western Carpathians and Central Europe as well. It is probably related to expansion of the species range in the recent decades and its spreading to higher altitudes, which is more common at the southern border of its distribution area.

scholarly journals The Nardo-Gnaphalietum supini plant association in the Western Carpathians (the Tatra Mts and the Babia Góra Massif)

2011 ◽  
Vol 73 (1) ◽  
pp. 71-77 ◽  
Author(s):  
Piotr Górski
Keyword(s):  
Western Carpathians ◽  
Habitat Variability ◽  
Eastern Carpathians ◽  
Tatra Mts ◽  
Polish Carpathians ◽  
Characteristic Species ◽  
The Alps ◽  
Critical Revision ◽  
Salicion Herbaceae ◽  
The Tatra Mountains

<p>This article is the first published information on the occurrence of the snow-beds of Nardo-Gnaphalietum supini in the Western Carpathians. So far, localities of Nardo-Gnaphalietum supini phytocoenoses have been known exclusively from the Alps, the Black Forest, and the Eastern Carpathians. During this study, carried out in the Polish Carpathians, phytocoenoses of Nardo-Gnaphalietum were recorded in the two highest massifs - the Tatra Mountains and the Babia Góra Massif. They were closely related to anthropogenically-influenced sites with exposed and lumped ground located near tourist routes. Habitat characterization and spatial complexes of the patches of Nardo-Gnaphalietum in the investigated area are given herein.</p><p>Critical revision of phytosociological data from the Alps and the Eastern Carpathians revealed that the discussed phytocoenoses have been described within the communities of Luzuletum alpino-pilosae, Salicetum herbaceae or Nardetum strictae. In this study, all phytosociological data concerning the association were collected and the floristic distinction of the phytocoenoses of particular mountain massifs is discussed. A new subassociation Nardo-Gnaphalietum oligotrichetosum hercynici was distinguished on the basis of local habitat variability. Although Nardo-Gnaphalietum supini does not have characteristic species, it is a well-distinguished typological unit in the class Salicetea herbaceae Br.-Bl. 1948, and is a central association of the alliance Nardo-Salicion herbaceae Englisch 1999.</p>

scholarly journals Holocene vegetation, fire and land use dynamics at Lake Svityaz, an agriculturally marginal site in northwestern Ukraine

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christoph Schwörer ◽  
Erika Gobet ◽  
Jacqueline F. N. van Leeuwen ◽  
Sarah Bögli ◽  
Rachel Imboden ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bronze Age ◽  
Human Impact ◽  
Central Europe ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Mixed Forest ◽  
Fire Risk ◽  
Late Glacial ◽  
Future Climate Change ◽  
Agricultural Activity ◽  
Fire Dynamics

AbstractObserving natural vegetation dynamics over the entire Holocene is difficult in Central Europe, due to pervasive and increasing human disturbance since the Neolithic. One strategy to minimize this limitation is to select a study site in an area that is marginal for agricultural activity. Here, we present a new sediment record from Lake Svityaz in northwestern Ukraine. We have reconstructed regional and local vegetation and fire dynamics since the Late Glacial using pollen, spores, macrofossils and charcoal. Boreal forest composed of Pinus sylvestris and Betula with continental Larix decidua and Pinus cembra established in the region around 13,450 cal bp, replacing an open, steppic landscape. The first temperate tree to expand was Ulmus at 11,800 cal bp, followed by Quercus, Fraxinus excelsior, Tilia and Corylus ca. 1,000 years later. Fire activity was highest during the Early Holocene, when summer solar insolation reached its maximum. Carpinus betulus and Fagus sylvatica established at ca. 6,000 cal bp, coinciding with the first indicators of agricultural activity in the region and a transient climatic shift to cooler and moister conditions. Human impact on the vegetation remained initially very low, only increasing during the Bronze Age, at ca. 3,400 cal bp. Large-scale forest openings and the establishment of the present-day cultural landscape occurred only during the past 500 years. The persistence of highly diverse mixed forest under absent or low anthropogenic disturbance until the Early Middle Ages corroborates the role of human impact in the impoverishment of temperate forests elsewhere in Central Europe. The preservation or reestablishment of such diverse forests may mitigate future climate change impacts, specifically by lowering fire risk under warmer and drier conditions.

Development and degradation of a submontane forest in the Beskid Wyspowy Mountains (Polish Western Carpathians) during the Holocene

The Holocene ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 095968362110332
Author(s):  
Piotr Kołaczek ◽  
Krzysztof Buczek ◽  
Włodzimierz Margielewski ◽  
Mariusz Gałka ◽  
Aleksandra Rycerz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Size Fraction ◽  
Abies Alba ◽  
Plant Macrofossils ◽  
Western Carpathians ◽  
Substantial Contribution ◽  
Forest Belt ◽  
The Holocene ◽  
Parasitic Fungi ◽  
Carpathian Region ◽  
Fire Activity

Mountain regions harbour high biodiversity; however, in numerous areas, they are strongly degraded by human activity. Our study reconstructs the development of the submontane forest belt (400 and 650 m a.s.l.) in the Beskid Wyspowy Mountains (Western Carpathians, Central Europe) affected by climate, humans, fire, and parasitic fungi during the Holocene. This forest belt is considered the most transformed by the human in the Carpathian region. Our multi-proxy study included analyses of pollen, non-pollen palynomorphs (NPPs), plant macrofossils, micro- and macrocharcoal (size fraction >100 µm, analysed in contiguous sampling), geochemical, and sedimentological markers. The results revealed that Picea abies dominated on the fen subjected to study at ca. 8510–5010 cal. BP. Tilia cordata was a substantial component of the submontane forest between ca. 8510 and 2970 cal. BP and it survived a probable Kretzschmaria deusta outbreak, as well as a period of increased fire activity (ca. 6000 cal. BP). The final retreat of forests with a substantial contribution of Tilia was induced by the expansion of Abies alba, Fagus sylvatica, and partly Carpinus betulus and was preceded by the period of increased fire activity and erosion. From ca. 900 cal. BP human-induced deforestations and agricultural and pastoral activity increased. The modern presence of woodlands with Pinus sylvestris and Larix decidua, in the submontane zone in the Beskid Wyspowy Mountains, is a result of sub-recent anthropogenic afforestation on overgrazed areas. The example of the Zbludza site reveals that changes related to fire and pathogen infections, if they have low magnitudes and new competitive taxa are absent, may be reversible in a forest composed of fire-intolerant tree taxa as Tilia. Nonetheless, the widespread submontane ecosystem degradation and the introduction of alien species hamper the regeneration of forest vegetation typical of the submontane zone.

scholarly journals Genetic melting pot and importance of long-distance dispersal indicated in the Gladiolus imbricatus L. populations in the Polish Carpathians

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Agnieszka Sutkowska ◽  
Józef Mitka ◽  
Tomasz Warzecha ◽  
Jakub Bunk ◽  
Julia Rutkowska ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Diversity Indices ◽  
Western Carpathians ◽  
Genetic Structuring ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Plant Populations ◽  
Genetic Stock ◽  
Melting Pot ◽  
Mountain Ranges ◽  
Eastern Carpathians

AbstractThe genetic diversity in 11 populations of Gladiolus imbricatus in five mountain ranges, including the Tatra, Pieniny, Gorce, Beskid Niski (Western Carpathians) and Bieszczady Mts (Eastern Carpathians), was studied with inter-simple sequence repeat (ISSR) markers. The species is a perennial plant occurring in open and semi-open sites of anthropogenic origin (meadows and forest margins). We checked a hypothesis on the microrefugial character of the plant populations in the Pieniny Mts, a small calcareous Carpathian range of complicated relief that has never been glaciated. Plant populations in the Tatra and Pieniny Mts had the highest genetic diversity indices, pointing to their long-term persistence. The refugial vs. the non-refugial mountain ranges accounted for a relatively high value of total genetic variation [analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA), 14.12%, p = 0.003]. One of the Pieniny populations was of hybridogenous origin and shared genetic stock with the Tatra population, indicating there is a local genetic melting pot. A weak genetic structuring of populations among particular regions was found (AMOVA, 4.5%, p > 0.05). This could be an effect of the frequent short-distance and sporadic long-distance gene flow. The dispersal of diaspores between the remote populations in the Western Carpathians and Eastern Carpathians could be affected by the historical transportation of flocks of sheep from the Tatra to Bieszczady Mts.

scholarly journals Impact of Industrial Pollution on Radial Growth of Conifers in a Former Mining Area in the Eastern Carpathians (Northern Romania)

Forests ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. 640
Author(s):  
Cristian Gheorghe Sidor ◽  
Radu Vlad ◽  
Ionel Popa ◽  
Anca Semeniuc ◽  
Ecaterina Apostol ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Industrial Pollution ◽  
Radial Growth ◽  
Abies Alba ◽  
Mining Operation ◽  
Mining Area ◽  
Silver Fir ◽  
Local Pollution ◽  
Eastern Carpathians ◽  
The Impact

The research aims to evaluate the impact of local industrial pollution on radial growth in affected Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karst.) and silver fir (Abies alba Mill.) stands in the Tarnița study area in Suceava. For northeastern Romania, the Tarnița mining operation constituted a hotspot of industrial pollution. The primary processing of non-ferrous ores containing heavy metals in the form of complex sulfides was the main cause of pollution in the Tarnița region from 1968 to 1990. Air pollution of Tarnița induced substantial tree growth reduction from 1978 to 1990, causing a decline in tree health and vitality. Growth decline in stands located over 6 km from the pollution source was weaker or absent. Spruce trees were much less affected by the phenomenon of local pollution than fir trees. We analyzed the dynamics of resilience indices and average radial growth indices and found that the period in which the trees suffered the most from local pollution was between 1978 and 1984. Growth recovery of the intensively polluted stand was observed after the 1990s when the environmental condition improved because of a significant reduction in air pollution.

scholarly journals Tetraplodon angustatus (Bryopsida, Splachnaceae) in the Polish Tatra Mts

2013 ◽  
Vol 58 (2) ◽  
pp. 613-616 ◽  
Author(s):  
Beata Cykowska-Marzencka
Keyword(s):  
Current Distribution ◽  
New Records ◽  
Western Carpathians ◽  
Moss Species ◽  
Tatra Mts

Abstract The paper gives six new records of the rare coprophilous altimontane moss species Tetraplodon angustatus (Hedw.) Bruch & Schimp. from the Polish Tatra Mts in the Western Carpathians. The ecology and current distribution of the species in the Tatras are described.

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