scholarly journals Soil acid phosphomonoesterase activity and phosphorus forms in ancient and post-agricultural black alder [Alnus glutinosa (L.) Gaertn.] woodlands

2012 ◽  
Vol 81 (2) ◽  
pp. 81-86 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Orczewska ◽  
Anna Piotrowska ◽  
Joanna Lemanowicz
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Acid Phosphatase ◽  
Phosphatase Activity ◽  
Acid Phosphatase Activity ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Alnus Glutinosa ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Organic P ◽  
Black Alder ◽  
Phosphomonoesterase Activity

Black alder, an N-fixing tree is considered to accelerate the availability of phosphorus in soils due to the increased production of phosphatase enzymes, which are responsible for the P release from the litter. Acid phosphatase activity plays a pivotal role in organic P mineralization in forest soils and in making P available to plants. In order to check whether <em>Alnus glutinosa </em>stimulates acid phosphomonoesterase (PH<sub>ACID</sub>) activity, we compared enzyme activities, total P concentration (P<sub>TOT</sub>), plant-available P (P<sub>AVAIL</sub>), organic P (P<sub>ORG</sub>) and inorganic P (P<sub>INORG</sub>), and organic matter content in 27 ancient and 27 post-agricultural alder woods (the latter ones representing different age classes: 11-20, 21-40 and 41-60 years) of soil samples taken from the litter and the mineral layers. Phosphomonoesterase activity, organic matter, P<sub>TOT</sub>, P<sub>INORG</sub> and P<sub>ORG</sub> concentrations were significantly higher in ancient alder woods than in the soils of post-agricultural forests. Significant differences in the acid phosphatase activity, organic matter and P<sub>AVAIL</sub> concentration were noted between the litter and mineral layers within the same forest type. In recent stands the amount of organic matter and phosphatase activity increased significantly with the age of alder stands, although only in the mineral layer of their soils. Phosphomonoesterase activity, organic matter and P<sub>AVAIL</sub> content were higher in a litter layer and decreased significantly at a mineral depth of the soil. The acid phosphatase activity was significantly correlated with organic matter content in both ancient and recent stands. There was no significant relationship between PH<sub>ACID</sub> activity and any P forms.

Organic phosphorus speciation in Australian Red Chromosols: stoichiometric control

Soil Research ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 54 (1) ◽  
pp. 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Melinda R. S. Moata ◽  
Ashlea L. Doolette ◽  
Ronald J. Smernik ◽  
Ann M. McNeill ◽  
Lynne M. Macdonald
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Type ◽  
Organic Phosphorus ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
31P Nmr Spectroscopy ◽  
Chemical Forms ◽  
Organic P ◽  
Soil C ◽  
Soil P

Organic phosphorus (P) plays an important role in the soil P cycle. It is present in various chemical forms, the relative amounts of which vary among soils, due to factors including climate, land use, and soil type. Few studies have investigated co-variation between P types or stoichiometric correlation with the key elemental components of organic matter– carbon (C) and nitrogen (N), both of which may influence P pool structure and dynamics in agricultural soils. In this study we determined the organic P speciation of twenty Australian Red Chromosols soils, a soil type widely used for cropping in Australia. Eight different chemical forms of P were quantified by 31P NMR spectroscopy, with a large majority (>90%) in all soils identified as orthophosphate and humic P. The strongest correlations (r2 = 0.77–0.85, P < 0.001) between P types were found among minor components: (i) between two inositol hexakisphosphate isomers (myo and scyllo) and (ii) between phospholipids and RNA (both detected as their alkaline hydrolysis products). Total soil C and N were correlated with phospholipid and RNA P, but not the most abundant P forms of orthophosphate and humic P. This suggests an influence of organic matter content on the organic P pool consisting of phospholipid and RNA, but not on inositol P or the largest organic P pool in these soils – humic P.

PHOSPHATASE ACTIVITY OF SOILS AS INFLUENCED BY LIME AND OTHER TREATMENTS

1964 ◽  
Vol 44 (1) ◽  
pp. 137-144 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. L. Halstead
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Phosphatase Activity ◽  
Mineral Soil ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Clay Content ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Total Carbon ◽  
Appreciable Effect ◽  
Total Carbon Content ◽  
Mineral Soils

In laboratory incubation experiments liming with Ca(OH)2, CaCO3, or MgCO3 inhibited the phosphatase enzyme activity as measured by determination of phenol or phosphorus released from disodium phenyl phosphate. Chloride and sulphate salts of calcium and magnesium had no appreciable effect on the measured activity. Incubation for 9 months reduced the activity in a group of acid soils but not in a group of nearly neutral soils. Addition of phosphate prior to incubation had no effect on activity in either group.In buffer systems with the pH controlled over the range pH 2.0 to 11.0, activity in samples of an acid mineral soil increased gradually from pH 2.0 to a maximum at about pH 7.0, and then declined rapidly. The occurrence of peaks of optimum activity at pH 5.0 and 9.5 indicated the presence of both acid and alkaline phosphatases in an organic soil.Although there was no significant relationship between phosphatase activity and pH, clay content, nitrogen, and total carbon content of 10 mineral soils, there was a higher activity associated with higher organic matter content in three groups of soils with 3.2, 24.8, and 80.2% organic matter. Initial phosphatase activity of a group of mineral soils was not related to the degree of mineralization of organic soil phosphorus found to occur during an incubation period.

Controls over phosphorus mineralization and immobilization rates in different tropical soils

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lucia Fuchslueger ◽  
David Zezula ◽  
Johann Püspök ◽  
Leandro Van Langenhove ◽  
Olga Margalef ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acid Phosphatase ◽  
Microbial Biomass ◽  
Phosphatase Activity ◽  
Sorption Capacity ◽  
Acid Phosphatase Activity ◽  
Tropical Soils ◽  
Microbial Biomass C ◽  
Organic P ◽  
P Mineralization ◽  
Total P

&lt;p&gt;Highly weathered soils depleted in minerals and phosphorus (P) support large tracts of the tropical rainforests in the Central Amazon, which significantly contribute to the global carbon (C) sink. In these soils (oxisols and ferrasols), P is either occluded in Al/Fe-oxides, bound to the soil mineral matrix or in soil organic matter, and therefore not directly available for uptake as inorganic phosphate (Pi). To liberate Pi for plant or microbial uptake two processes are key: (i) changes of sorption-desorption equilibria of Pi with the soil matrix and (ii) the release of Pi from organic compounds (Po) catalyzed by enzymes, such as phosphatases. Plant roots and soil microbes have developed strategies to stimulate the release of P by accelerating P dissolution and desorption and by releasing extracellular phosphatases into the soil environment, which requires however C and energy investment. Because of P limitation in this ecosystem, the relative contributions of abiotic and biotic controls over P mineralization is of pivotal importance. Yet conclusive results are still scarce.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;We therefore aimed to disentangle abiotic and biotic controls over P mineralization in tropical soils. To achieve this, we collected forest soils from the Amazon Basin covering a range of soil texture and P concentrations, determined soil mineralogy and measured gross P desorption and mineralization rates using a &lt;sup&gt;33&lt;/sup&gt;P isotope pool dilution assay. Moreover, we determined acid phosphatase activity rates and microbial biomass C and P. We found significant differences between the studied sites in gross P influx and efflux rates into the Pi pool. Gross influx rates (i.e. the sum of Pi desorption and organic P mineralization) exceeded efflux (i.e. sorption or biotic Pi uptake rates) only in sandy and silty soils, while in clayey soils efflux rates dominated P fluxes indicating a very high Pi sorption capacity. However, gross influx and efflux rates were not related to total or dissolved P. Microbial biomass and acid phosphatase activity normalized to microbial biomass C were highest in sites with overall low total P microbial biomass P accounting for up to 40 % of total P in low P soils. We therefore conclude that in low P soils organic P turnover plays a major role in soil P cycling, and despite of the high P sorption capacity of clay rich soils, microbes can be strong competitors for plant available P.&lt;/p&gt;

scholarly journals Effects of precipitation on soil acid phosphatase activity in three successional forests in southern China

2011 ◽  
Vol 8 (7) ◽  
pp. 1901-1910 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. Huang ◽  
J. Liu ◽  
G. Zhou ◽  
D. Zhang ◽  
Q. Deng
Keyword(s):  
Acid Phosphatase ◽  
Phosphatase Activity ◽  
Acid Phosphatase Activity ◽  
Southern China ◽  
Dry Season ◽  
Organic P ◽  
Wet Season ◽  
Phosphatase Activities ◽  
Successional Forests ◽  
Soil Acid Phosphatase

Abstract. Phosphorus (P) is often a limiting nutrient for plant growth in tropical and subtropical forests. Global climate change has led to alterations in precipitation in the recent years, which inevitably influences P cycling. Soil acid phosphatase plays a vital role in controlling P mineralization, and its activity reflects the capacity of organic P mineralization potential in soils. In order to study the effects of precipitation on soil acid phosphatase activity, an experiment with precipitation treatments (no precipitation, natural precipitation and doubled precipitation) in three successional forests in southern China was carried out. The three forests include Masson pine forest (MPF), coniferous and broad-leaved mixed forest (MF) and monsoon evergreen broad-leaved forest (MEBF). Results showed that driven by seasonality of precipitation, changes in soil acid phosphatase activities coincided with the seasonal climate pattern, with significantly higher values in the wet season than in the dry season. Soil acid phosphatase activities were closely linked to forest successional stages, with enhanced values in the later stages of forest succession. In the dry season, soil acid phosphatase activities in the three forests showed a rising trend with increasing precipitation treatments. In the wet season, soil acid phosphatase activity was depressed by no precipitation treatment in the three forests. However, doubled precipitation treatment exerted a significantly negative effect on it only in MEBF. These results indicate that the potential transformation rate of organic P might be more dependent on water in the dry season than in the wet season. A decrease in organic P turnover would occur in the three forests if there was a drought in a whole year in the future. More rainfall in the wet season would also be adverse to organic P turnover in MEBF due to its high soil moisture.

Erythrophagocytosis in the Liver in Hemolytic Anemias

1968 ◽  
Vol 26 ◽  
pp. 184-185
Author(s):  
O. T. Minick ◽  
E. Orfei ◽  
F. Volini ◽  
G. Kent
Keyword(s):  
Acid Phosphatase ◽  
Oxidative Damage ◽  
Phosphatase Activity ◽  
Kupffer Cells ◽  
Acid Phosphatase Activity ◽  
Common Type ◽  
Red Cell ◽  
Cell Fragments ◽  
Reticulo Endothelial System ◽  
Important Site

Hemolytic anemias were produced in rats by administering phenylhydrazine or anti-erythrocytic (rooster) serum, the latter having agglutinin and hemolysin titers exceeding 1:1000.Following administration of phenylhydrazine, the erythrocytes undergo oxidative damage and are removed from the circulation by the cells of the reticulo-endothelial system, predominantly by the spleen. With increasing dosage or if animals are splenectomized, the Kupffer cells become an important site of sequestration and are greatly hypertrophied. Whole red cells are the most common type engulfed; they are broken down in digestive vacuoles, as shown by the presence of acid phosphatase activity (Fig. 1). Heinz body material and membranes persist longer than native hemoglobin. With larger doses of phenylhydrazine, erythrocytes undergo intravascular fragmentation, and the particles phagocytized are now mainly red cell fragments of varying sizes (Fig. 2).

HEAVY METAL SPECIATION IN BOTTOM SEDIMENTS OF THE VYSHNEVOLOTSKY RESERVOIR

2018 ◽  
pp. 46-54
Author(s):  
O. A. Lipatnikova
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Organic Matter ◽  
Bottom Sediments ◽  
Metal Speciation ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Water Reservoir ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Heavy Metal Speciation ◽  
Mobile Forms ◽  
Manganese Hydroxides

The study of heavy metal speciation in bottom sediments of the Vyshnevolotsky water reservoir is presented in this paper. Sequential selective procedure was used to determine the heavy metal speciation in bottom sediments and thermodynamic calculation — to determine ones in interstitial water. It has been shown that Mn are mainly presented in exchangeable and carbonate forms; for Fe, Zn, Pb и Co the forms are related to iron and manganese hydroxides is played an important role; and Cu and Ni are mainly associated with organic matter. In interstitial waters the main forms of heavy metal speciation are free ions for Zn, Ni, Co and Cd, carbonate complexes for Pb, fulvate complexes for Cu. Effects of particle size and organic matter content in sediments on distribution of mobile and potentially mobile forms of toxic elements have been revealed.

Physico-Chemical Properties of Soil Collected from Chandrabhaga River in Kalmeshwar, Nagpur, Maharashtra

2020 ◽  
Vol 07 (02) ◽  
pp. 1-3
Author(s):  
Amita M Watkar ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Quality ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Soil Attributes ◽  
Essential Components ◽  
Agricultural Land Management ◽  
Physical And Chemical

Soil, itself means Soul of Infinite Life. Soil is the naturally occurring unconsolidated or loose covering on the earth’s surface. Physical properties depend upon the amount, size, shape, arrangement, and mineral composition of soil particles. It also depends on the organic matter content and pore spaces. Chemical properties depend on the Inorganic and organic matter present in the soil. Soils are the essential components of the environment and foundation resources for nearly all types of land use, besides being the most important component of sustainable agriculture. Therefore, assessment of soil quality and its direction of change with time is an ideal and primary indicator of sustainable agricultural land management. Soil quality indicators refer to measurable soil attributes that influence the capacity of a soil to function, within the limits imposed by the ecosystem, to preserve biological productivity and environmental quality and promote plant, animal and human health. The present study is to assess these soil attributes such as physical and chemical properties season-wise.

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