Segmentation of markets in Central and Eastern Europe with the use of the CMS method

2019 ◽  
Vol 64 (2) ◽  
pp. 5-16
Author(s):  
Marcin Salamaga
Keyword(s):  
Eastern European ◽  
Commodity Trade ◽  
Multivariate Statistical ◽  
Statistical Analysis Method ◽  
Detailed Assessment ◽  
Trade Competitiveness ◽  
Constant Market Share ◽  
Eastern European Countries ◽  
Selected Effects ◽  
Demand Effect

The paper aims at making a comparative analysis of the Central and Eastern European countries in the scope of effects accompanying changes in their export. The Eurostat’s data for 2016 were used in the study. The effects of changes in export of individual countries were separated based on the Constant Market Share (CMS) model developed by Leamer and Stern. The calculated effectssuch as: demand effect, market distribution effect, commodity composition effect and competitiveness effect enabled a detailed assessment of the sources of changes occurring in export of individual countries. They allowed, in particular, for answeringthe following question: to what extent may changes in export be explained by the economic situation in the world commodity trade of individual clustersand to what extent do they result from the competitiveness of these countries? The application of the multivariate statistical analysis method for the selected effects allowed for the identification of clusters of countries with the most similar position in the spatial and commodity arrangement, including countries of similar trade competitiveness.

scholarly journals The Study on the Agricultural Trade Pattern Between China and Central and Eastern Europe Countries Under the “16 + 1” Cooperation Mechanism

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 69-78
Author(s):  
Mengyang Qi
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Trade ◽  
Agricultural Products ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Eastern European ◽  
Trade Patterns ◽  
Cooperation Mechanism ◽  
Trade Potential ◽  
Trade Competitiveness ◽  
Eastern European Countries ◽  
Merchandise Trade

AbstractThis article is based on the 2008-2017 data from the UN Merchandise Trade Database and analyzes the trade patterns of agricultural products between China and 16 Central and Eastern European countries in terms of trade competitiveness, complementarity and trade potential by using the index of revealed Comparative Advantage, the index of trade complementarity and the index of trade intensity. The results show that China and 16 countries are highly competitive in multi-chapter products, but there are significant differences in the export advantages of different countries’ agricultural products and strong trade complementarity, and the trade links between China and 16 countries are loose In the multi-chapter products have greater trade potential. China and the 16 central and eastern European countries should make full use of the “16 + 1” Cooperation Mechanism to expand bilateral agricultural trade.

International Market Segmentation with the Use of CMS Method and Cluster Analysis

2019 ◽  
Vol 65 (4) ◽  
pp. 492-506
Author(s):  
Marcin Salamaga
Keyword(s):  
Cluster Analysis ◽  
Current Trend ◽  
International Exchange ◽  
Foreign Markets ◽  
Multivariate Statistical ◽  
Goods And Services ◽  
Detailed Assessment ◽  
Constant Market Share ◽  
And Cluster Analysis ◽  
A Current

The segmentation of foreign markets is currently treated as an important element of the strategy of operations of enterprises that participate in international exchange of goods and services. This paper fits squarely into a current trend in research on the matter. The article presents the possibility of combining the model of Constant Market Share developed by Leamer, Stern (1970) with cluster analysis. The CMS method allows for a detailed assessment of the sources of changes occurring in the export of compared countries, and in particular its results allow for answering the following question: To what extent may changes in export be explained by the economic situation in the world trade of individual clusters of commodities and to what extent do they result from the competitiveness of these countries? The application of the multivariate statistical methods for the designated effects will allow for the identification of the clusters of countries of the most similar position in the spatial and commodity arrangement, including countries of similar competitiveness of trade. This approach has been applied to the segmentation of EU countries’ markets.

Zur Wettbewerbsfähigkeit der europäischen Holzwirtschaft – eine Constant-Market-Share-Analyse | Competitiveness in the European forest industry sector – a constant market share analysis

2009 ◽  
Vol 160 (12) ◽  
pp. 375-383 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthias Dieter ◽  
Hermann Englert
Keyword(s):  
Market Share ◽  
Growth Rates ◽  
International Competitiveness ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Forest Industry ◽  
Eastern European ◽  
Industry Sector ◽  
Constant Market Share ◽  
European Forest ◽  
Eastern European Countries

The objective of the presented study is to analyse the international competitiveness of the European forest industry sector and that of Switzerland in particular using constant market share (CMS) analysis. The analysis is conducted based on bilateral trade data in monetary terms for the years 2000 to 2005. Timber commodities are grouped into two sectors (the wood sector and the paper sector) as well as into three processing levels (raw wood, semi-finished and finished products). CMS analysis is conducted on two aggregation levels: the forest industry sector on the whole and the forest products sector as part of the semi-finished products sector. The analyses of both aggregation levels show similar results. Most of the traditionally industrialized countries show only low export growth rates. Countries with fast growing economies in general, in particular those from South East Asia and most of the Eastern European countries show high growth rates as well as high positive competitiveness effects. A positive relationship can be identified between a country's timber export growth rate and its competitiveness effect. Within Europe, Eastern European countries are gaining competitive advantage over Middle and Western European countries. CMS analysis indicates low international competitiveness for the Swiss forest industry sector, whereas Austrian and German forestry industry sectors are characterized by higher values of international competitiveness.

scholarly journals Proposed Research on the Relationships Between Innovation Competitiveness and Export Competitiveness in Central and Eastern European Countries

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 332-345
Author(s):  
Marcin Salamaga
Keyword(s):  
Panel Data ◽  
Dynamic Models ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Research Trend ◽  
Eastern European ◽  
Technological Advantage ◽  
Export Competitiveness ◽  
Trade Competitiveness ◽  
Eastern European Countries ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Research background: In the contemporary world, innovations are the driving force of economic development and new products, designs, trademarks and creative projects are of key importance to everyday economic decisions. Both economic theories and empirical research concern relations between innovations and foreign trade. This article belongs to this research trend and is devoted to an analysis of relations between innovations and export competitiveness in selected Central and Eastern European countries. Purpose: The paper is aimed at assessing the impact of innovation competitiveness on export competitiveness in selected countries of Central and Eastern Europe. Research methodology: The paper contains an analysis with the use of standardised innovation competitiveness and export competitiveness indices. Countries and industry sectors are analysed in terms of the frequency of occurrence of these indices with various combinations of their signs. The impact of innovation competitiveness on export competitiveness has been tested using dynamic models of panel data. Results: The conducted research indicates that technological advantage usually has a considerable positive impact on the trade competitiveness of Central and Eastern European countries but the strength of the impact depends on the branch of industry. Generally, the influence of technological competitiveness on trade competitiveness is stronger in highly and moderately technologically advanced industries than in industries characterised by low technological advancement. Novelty: The evaluation of the influence of innovation competitiveness on export competitiveness in Central and Eastern European countries using standardised competitiveness indices and a dynamic model of panel data is an added value in the paper.

Pragmatic Language Performance of Children Adopted Internationally

2019 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 501-514
Author(s):  
Deborah A. Hwa-Froelich ◽  
Hisako Matsuo
Keyword(s):  
Social Communication ◽  
False Belief ◽  
Pragmatic Language ◽  
Eastern European ◽  
Language Performance ◽  
Emotion Identification ◽  
False Belief Understanding ◽  
Quasi Experimental ◽  
Pragmatic Communication ◽  
Eastern European Countries

Purpose Pragmatic language is important for social communication across all settings. Children adopted internationally (CAI) may be at risk of poorer pragmatic language because of adverse early care, delayed adopted language development, and less ability to inhibit. The purpose of this study was to compare pragmatic language performance of CAI from Asian and Eastern European countries with a nonadopted group of children who were of the same age and from similar socioeconomic backgrounds as well as explore the relationship among emotion identification, false belief understanding, and inhibition variables with pragmatic language performance. Method Using a quasi-experimental design, 35 four-year-old CAI (20 Asian, 15 Eastern European) and 33 children who were not adopted were included in this study. The children's pragmatic language, general language, and social communication (emotion identification of facial expressions, false belief understanding, inhibition) were measured. Comparisons by region of origin and adoption experience were completed. We conducted split-half correlation analyses and entered significant correlation variables into simple and backward regression models. Results Pragmatic language performance differed by adoption experience. The adopted and nonadopted groups demonstrated different correlation patterns. Language performance explained most of the pragmatic language variance. Discussion Because CAI perform less well than their nonadopted peers on pragmatic communication measures and different variables are related to their pragmatic performance, speech-language pathologists may need to adapt assessment and intervention practices for this population.

European Integration

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Johann P. Arnason
Keyword(s):  
European Integration ◽  
Eastern European ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Historical Processes ◽  
History Of ◽  
External Conditions ◽  
Eastern European Countries ◽  
Totalitarian Regimes ◽  
The Eu

Different understandings of European integration, its background and present problems are represented in this book, but they share an emphasis on historical processes, geopolitical dynamics and regional diversity. The introduction surveys approaches to the question of European continuities and discontinuities, before going on to an overview of chapters. The following three contributions deal with long-term perspectives, including the question of Europe as a civilisational entity, the civilisational crisis of the twentieth century, marked by wars and totalitarian regimes, and a comparison of the European Union with the Habsburg Empire, with particular emphasis on similar crisis symptoms. The next three chapters discuss various aspects and contexts of the present crisis. Reflections on the Brexit controversy throw light on a longer history of intra-Union rivalry, enduring disputes and changing external conditions. An analysis of efforts to strengthen the EU’s legal and constitutional framework, and of resistances to them, highlights the unfinished agenda of integration. A closer look at the much-disputed Islamic presence in Europe suggests that an interdependent radicalization of Islamism and the European extreme right is a major factor in current political developments. Three concluding chapters adopt specific regional perspectives. Central and Eastern European countries, especially Poland, are following a path that leads to conflicts with dominant orientations of the EU, but this also raises questions about Europe’s future. The record of Scandinavian policies in relation to Europe exemplifies more general problems faced by peripheral regions. Finally, growing dissonances and divergences within the EU may strengthen the case for Eurasian perspectives.

Knowledge about basic life support in European students

2014 ◽  
Vol 155 (21) ◽  
pp. 833-837 ◽  
Author(s):  
József Marton ◽  
Attila Pandúr ◽  
Emese Pék ◽  
Krisztina Deutsch ◽  
Bálint Bánfai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Basic Life Support ◽  
Life Support ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Eastern European ◽  
Knowledge And Skills ◽  
European Students ◽  
Western European ◽  
Eastern European Countries ◽  
European Youth

Introduction: Better knowledge and skills of basic life support can save millions of lives each year in Europe. Aim: The aim of this study was to measure the knowledge about basic life support in European students. Method: From 13 European countries 1527 volunteer participated in the survey. The questionnaire consisted of socio-demographic questions and knowledge regarding basic life support. The maximum possible score was 18. Results: Those participants who had basic life support training earned 11.91 points, while those who had not participated in lifesaving education had 9.6 points (p<0.001). Participants from former socialist Eastern European countries reached 10.13 points, while Western Europeans had average 10.85 points (p<0.001). The best results were detected among the Swedish students, and the worst among the Belgians. Conclusions: Based on the results, there are significant differences in the knowledge about basic life support between students from different European countries. Western European youth, and those who were trained had better performance. Orv. Hetil., 2014, 155(21), 833–837.

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