A nostalgic return to the past or sound searching? On the use of contemporary harpsichords in early music performance

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (16) ◽  
pp. 117-135
Author(s):  
Urszula Jasiecka-Bury
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Main Part ◽  
Music Performance ◽  
Doctoral Dissertation ◽  
Early Music ◽  
Instrument Selection ◽  
The Past ◽  
Materials Used ◽  
Historical Practices ◽  
The 19Th Century

The article is based on the materials used for the author’s doctoral dissertation entitled Contemporary performance of 17th century German harpsichord toccatas in the context of instrument selection. Its main part is an analysis of the changes which occured in the harpsichord builiding before the end of the 19th century and the change in approach to early music at the beginning of the 20th century. The article is an attempt to answer the question to which extent instrument selection determines our today’s performance. Is it only a harpsichord being an exact copy of historical instruments that allows us to deliver an authentic and fresh interpretation? While listening to 20th century harpsichordists playing 20th century instruments (i.e., using contemporary models, not historically-based), we discover a different world of early music, which may even be more experimental than today’s performance sound-wise. It seems that the openness towards contemporary harpsichords while preserving historical practices at the same time may help discover new sound qualities in early music pieces.

scholarly journals Update on Bolognese surgeon Dr. Benedetto Schiassi: the importance of Schiassi’s tentorium

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sergio Sabbatani ◽  
Luca Ansaloni ◽  
Massimo Sartelli ◽  
Federico Coccolini ◽  
Salomone Di Saverio ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
Microbial Contamination ◽  
Scientific Activity ◽  
Risk Of Infection ◽  
Noticeable Increase ◽  
The Past ◽  
Relevant Today ◽  
The 19Th Century

Risk of infection remains a major concern for surgeons. The expansion of surgery towards the end of the 19th century determined a noticeable increase in septicemia and gangrene, and surgeons developed various techniques to limit them. In a previous publication, we reminded our readers of one of the gems of Italian surgery, Dr. Giuseppe Ruggi, who operated in Bologna from the end of 19th to the beginning of the 20th century. To him we owe the introduction and dissemination of the antiseptic method in Bologna. His scientific activity continued with Dr. Benedetto Schiassi, his successor. The techniques used to avoid microbial contamination by the Italian surgeon Dr. Schiassi, are particularly interesting, as Schiassi’s tentorium is still useful. Despite advances in surgical technologies, many innovations to prevent infection in surgery proposed in the past are still relevant today.

scholarly journals Scenery painting in the 19th century in the context of tempera painting on canvas: methodology and materials

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-24
Author(s):  
Sonia Santos Gómez
Keyword(s):  
Knowledge Base ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
Multiple Functions ◽  
History Of ◽  
Materials Used ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
Painting On Canvas ◽  
Modern Industry

Tempera painting on canvas has played multiple functions throughout the history of painting. They were used to cover altars in Lent, to make canopies and ceilings for beds, to act as organ doors, etc. In the 19th century and in the earlier 20th century, they were used as adornment on walls of palaces and theatres, as well as sceneries in the latter ones. Generally, this kind of tempera painting shows large proportions, which demanded a specific methodology of execution. Treatises of the epoch display how the painter, provided with paintbrushes of long handles, as brooms, walked on the canvases while the execution lasted. At that time, pigments derived from the activity of modern industry were already in use, in combination with other materials traditionally used in the previous centuries. This article presents the working methodology and materials used in tempera painting on canvas, mainly during the 19th century, providing a knowledge base for this subject.

scholarly journals Foreign Layer of the Chuvash Book

2020 ◽  
pp. 28-32
Author(s):  
Alena Mikhajlovna Ivanova ◽  
Eduard Valentinovich Fomin
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Language ◽  
Qualitative Analysis ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
Publishing House ◽  
Scientific Publications ◽  
The Past ◽  
The World ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
Parallel Texts

The article is devoted to the consideration of extraterritorial publications on the Chuvash theme. The purpose of the work is to identify the essential features of the foreign layer of the Chuvash book. The conclusions of the work are based on a quantitative and qualitative analysis of bibliographic indexes and a direct study of the books themselves de visu. The authors of the article consider foreign books as an important component of modern Chuvash culture, endowed with communicative, cognitive-cumulative, ethno-presentative and educational functions. Extraterritorial editions of the Chuvash book appeared in the first half of the 19th century, and only by the end of the 20th century they formed an independent layer. At the same time, one should objectively speak of two exteriorics – the Chuvash and by the poet G. Aygi. Each of them is represented by almost 150 publications. The predominant problematic of the foreign language layer of the Chuvash book proper is the Chuvash language. Moreover, its notable aspect is the publication of books in the Chuvash language or their publication with parallel texts in Sweden and Turkey. G. Aygi’s foreign publications are already represented by collections of poems in Russian, published by the publishing house of the artist N. Dronnikov in France. This work is a publication that should provide an introduction to the scientific use of literature that has not yet become the property of the Chuvash Studies. Its task is to promote the full functioning of modern Chuvash science in conjunction with the world one. The authors come to the conclusion that, in general, the foreign layer of the Chuvash book has an enduring value, and many of the scientific publications published in the past are rightly elevated to the rank of classical ones by the scientists.

scholarly journals Transformation of historical discourse and the problem of time

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (7-8) ◽  
pp. 9-13
Author(s):  
Oleg V. Gerasimov
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Historical Memory ◽  
Modern Society ◽  
Historical Time ◽  
Historical Science ◽  
Problem Of Time ◽  
Historical Discourse ◽  
The Past ◽  
Perception Of Time ◽  
The 19Th Century

The article is devoted to the analysis of the transformation of historical discourse in modern writing of history and its relationship with the problem of historical time. The author shows that since the second half of the 20th century, the representation of the past has been gradually shifting from scientific historiography, as it was formed in the 19th century, to the memory studies. Unlike distancing from the past inherent in historical science, historical memory is characterized by emotional and existential tension, the involvement of the past in the present. This became possible not only as a result of the tragic events of the 20th century, but also due to changes in the temporal regime of modern society. The linear perception of time, peculiar to a modern man, is giving way to post-historical time characterized by non-linearity and reversibility, which makes it possible to actualize the past with the help of memorial policy. A change in the historical time perception gives rise to changes in the perception of the past and, as a result, leads to a transformation of historical discourse.

Finding a Platform: Studying the Copts in the 19th and 20th Centuries

2010 ◽  
Vol 42 (3) ◽  
pp. 479-482 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nelly van Doorn-Harder
Keyword(s):  
Early Modern ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
Early Christian ◽  
The Past ◽  
New Directions ◽  
The 19Th Century

Research on the Copts of Egypt has developed especially rapidly in new directions during the past twenty years. Having started as a corollary of Egyptology, it is advancing from the study of the early Christian centuries to include medieval, early modern, and contemporary Coptic Studies. Concurrently, Coptic issues are being inserted into studies of Egypt in general. Publications on the 19th century mostly ignored Copts, but they were given stereotypical cameo appearances in the prolific research on the profound transformations in 20th-century Egyptian society.

scholarly journals Global mental health and psychiatric institutions in the 21st century

2016 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 4-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Cohen ◽  
H. Minas
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Human Rights ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
English Language ◽  
Global Mental Health ◽  
Human Rights Abuses ◽  
The Past ◽  
Psychiatric Institutions ◽  
Area Of Concern ◽  
The 19Th Century

In the 19th century, psychiatric institutions were the focus of thousands of articles in the leading English-language medical and psychiatric journals. This area of concern remained important through the first half of the 20th century, with some decline in the number of published articles in the second half of the 20th century as de-institutionalisation gathered pace. The number of articles about this topic has declined sharply in the past 25 years, and psychiatric institutions are not the focus of any of the Grand Challenges in Global Mental Health even though psychiatric institutions of all kinds are widely acknowledged to be the among the main sites of human rights abuses. In this commentary we present examples of impressive transformations of institutions in Sri Lanka and Vietnam, and suggest that the field of global mental health should devote more of its efforts to improving the lives of persons with mental disorders who have been incarcerated in a variety of settings, often under the care of mental health specialists.

scholarly journals The Inflation Theory in the Perspective of Al-Maqrīzī's Thought and it’s Implications in the Modern Economic World

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 1128-1133
Author(s):  
Syarifah Siregar ◽  
Nurmiana Nurmiana ◽  
Riza Husnila Sari ◽  
Maidar Darwis
Keyword(s):  
Content Analysis ◽  
Data Analysis ◽  
Data Collection ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Natural Phenomenon ◽  
The Past ◽  
The World ◽  
Modern Economic ◽  
The 19Th Century

This study aims to determine the theory of inflation according to al-Maqrīzī and ways to overcome it and determine the differences in inflation theory according to al-Maqrīzī with modern economics. Data collection techniques are used by collecting his works both personally and jointly and are traced by other people's work on figures as secondary data. Analysis of the data used is content analysis. This research shows that inflation is a natural phenomenon that afflicts the lives of people throughout the world from the past until now. Inflation will occur when prices generally increase and continue. The way to deal with inflation is to overcome it by eliminating the causes of inflation such as corruption, excessive taxation, and the creation of excessive currency. He emphasized the use of dinars and dirhams in dealing with inflation. Al-Maqrīzī thought is not inferior to those of Western economists from the 19th Century and 20th Century.        

scholarly journals Die Entwicklung der Homöopathie in den Vereinigten Staaten

Gesnerus ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 51 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 84-100
Author(s):  
Josef M. Schmidt
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Cultural History ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
San Francisco ◽  
United States Of America ◽  
The United States ◽  
The Past ◽  
History Of ◽  
The 19Th Century

After an enormous spread in the United States of America during the 19th century homeopathy had almost completely vanished from the scene by the beginning of the 20th century. For the past two decades, however, it seems once again to experience a kind of renaissance. Major aspects of this development—in terms of medical and cultural history, sociology, politics, and economics—are illustrated on the basis of a general history of homeopathy in the United States. Using original sources, a first attempt is made to reconstruct the history of homeopathy in San Francisco which has some institutional peculiarities that make it unique within the whole country.

Music in museum (second half of 20th century, Ukraine)

2018 ◽  
pp. 61-65
Author(s):  
N. Svyrydenko
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Western Europe ◽  
Fine Arts ◽  
Early Music ◽  
Performance Style ◽  
Russian Art ◽  
The Past ◽  
Music Collection ◽  
Concert Programs ◽  
Early Music Revival

Due to the process of early music revival, started in the USSR from the 60s of the 20th century, there are searches of the appropriate premises, in which early music could be perceived naturally, where one can feel a single style in combination of rooms, music, instrumentation and performance style that would increase the perception of each of the components of the creative process. Such most suitable premises are found out to be the halls of museums — former mansions, or palaces, which serve as museums in our time. The practice of conducting concerts in museums was introduced in Western Europe in the first half of the 20th century as a part of the overall process of early music revival and became an example for other countries including Ukraine.The Museum of Ukrainian Fine Arts was one of the first museums where concerts of early music were held in 1988. The concert programs featured the music of prominent Ukrainian composers of the 16th–18th centuries. Since 1989, the «Concerts in Museum» began to be held at the Museum of Russian Art, where one could hear music from the 18th to the beginning of the 19th century from «The Music Collection of the Razumovsky Family». Since 2003, the door has opened for concerts at the National Museum of History of Ukraine, where, in addition to chamber music, the visitors watched the whole performance — the chamber opera by D. Bortniansky «Sokil». The performance of this opera was also held at other museums of Ukrainian cities, as well as in Poland.Ancient instruments in some museums, that have lost its sound and artistic qualities, attracted attention of the musical experts. In association with scholars and the administration of museums, restoration work was carried out and brought back the old tools to life, which made it possible to hear the true «voice of the past «. This happened from the pianoforte at the Museum of Ukrainian History, the Lesia Ukrainka Museum in the village Kolodyazhny of Kovelsky District in Volyn and the Memorial Museum of Maxim Rylsky in Kyiv. Nowadays many museums in Ukraine have become centres of culture, both visual and musical. Due to this process, contemporaries’ views about the past art have expanded, the recordings of ancient music phonograms initiated film-making.

scholarly journals HUTAN JATI BERKALUNG BESI: PENGANGKUTAN KAYU JATI DI JAWA PADA AKHIR ABAD KE-19 DAN AWAL ABAD KE-20

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 184
Author(s):  
Warto Warto
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Early 20Th Century ◽  
Forest Environment ◽  
The Past ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
The 19Th Century

Teak forests became one of the important resources in Java in the past. Teak forests did not only provide economic benefits for residents to fulfill their daily needs but also provided other benefits, especially in stabilizing the forest environment. However, the condition began to change when the teak forests exploited. In the 19th century and early 20th century, the environmental teak forests experienced degradation and deforestation that was difficult to control. The presence of teak logging companies at the end of the 19th century became the starting point of the accelerated deforestation. In running a business, they used modern tools that can simplify the process of harvesting and be transporting of teakwood. Some of the modern tools called trams and trains which were used to carry teak logs from the forests to shelters and ports. By utilizing modern transportation, teak woods can be transported quickly, accurately and massively. This paper shows that the opening of tram and train rail road’s in teak forests in addition to facilitating the transportation of goods and people, also led to the improvement and expansion of teak massive deforestation.

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