scholarly journals Мультимодальность – мультимедийность – мультиканальность и др. Альтернативные формы передачи информации как проблема лингвистической теории и терминологии

2021 ◽  
Vol LXXVII (77) ◽  
pp. 153-173
Author(s):  
Aleksander Kiklewicz ◽  
ŻANNA SŁADKIEWICZ
Keyword(s):  
Social Communication ◽  
Linguistic Theory ◽  
Multimodal Approach ◽  
Separate Section ◽  
Significant Variability ◽  
Transmission Of Information ◽  
Meaning Representation ◽  
Content Semantic ◽  
Different Levels

Статья посвящена популярной в современной лингвистике проблеме мультимодальности, т.е. взаимодействию в рамках одного и того же дискурса разных способов кодирования информации – с использованием разных семиотических кодов. Авторы исходят из предпосылки, что суще- ствование альтернативных планов выражения сообщений обусловлено разнородностью их со- держания, а также имеющейся предрасположенностью типов содержания (семантического или прагматического) к определенному способу оформления. Мультимодальный подход рассматрива- ется в контексте медиатизации и технологизации социальной коммуникации. Авторы показывают значительную вариативность существующей в данной области терминологии, объясняют трудно- сти, связанные с употреблением некоторых терминов. Отдельный раздел статьи посвящен общей типологии модульной архитектоники сообщения, учитывающей (в качестве форм репрезентации смысла) разные уровни языковой организации сообщения, разные каналы, разные коды, разные медиаустройства, разные языки и разные (параллельные) сообщения. Multimodality – multimediality – multicanality etc. Alternative forms of the transmission of information as a problem of linguistic theory and terminology Summary: The article is devoted to the problem of multimodality, popular in modern linguistics and seen as an interaction within the same discourse of different methods of encoding and decoding information. The authors proceed from the premise that the existence of alternative plans of the expression of messages is due to the heterogeneity of their content, as well as the existing predisposition of the types of content (semantic or pragmatic) to a certain way of explication. The multimodal approach is considered in the context of the mediatization and technologization of social communication. The authors show a significant variability of the terminology in this area and explain the difficulties associated with the use of some terms. A separate section of the article is devoted to the general typology of modular message architectonics, which takes into account (as forms of meaning representation) different levels of the linguistic organization of a message, different channels, different codes, different media devices, different languages and different (parallel) messages.

scholarly journals Perception of Climate Variability and Its Impact by Smallholders in Pastoral Systems of Abudwak District, Galmudug State, Somalia

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohamed Yonis Abdullah ◽  
Shafii Abdullahi Mohamed
Keyword(s):  
Climate Variability ◽  
Meteorological Data ◽  
Pastoral Systems ◽  
Climate Change And Variability ◽  
Significant Variability ◽  
The People ◽  
Pastoral Communities ◽  
Local Livelihood ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Different Levels

Abstract it is true in all the regions of the country; there is no stable and reliable documented meteorological data for reasonable tracking of the climate change and variability. Thus, this study explores the perception of significant variability in climate and related impact on local livestock holders among smallholders in pastoral systems of Abudwak district, Somalia. We drew on empirical data obtained from pastoral communities surveys conducted in 4 villages, 169 pastoral associations. Using this data, this study analyses smallholders' perception of climate variability and its associated impact on local livelihood, and the effect of several household on perception. Respondents interviewed during the study period, however, believed that there has been significant variability in the rainfall and temperature patterns for the last twenty years and considered climate variability as a salient risk to their future livelihoods and economic development. Likewise, the general perception of the people is that both rainfall and temperature have highly been fluctuating for decades now became unpredictable with less rainfall in shorter duration and warmer temperature over year now than usual. Different levels of perception were expressed in terms of climate variability and the impact on traditional rain-fed. Age, education level, livestock holding, access to climate information and extension services significantly affected perception levels.

scholarly journals DESCRIPTION OF THE EQUIVALENCE OF THE ORIGINAL AND THE TRANSLATION AT DIFFERENT LEVELS OF CONTENT. ACTUAL PROBLEMS OF APPLIED SCIENCES JOURNAL WORLD ISSN 2733-3817, (1(17), 67–69.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ulzhamilya Bibatyrovna Serikbayeva
Keyword(s):  
Applied Sciences ◽  
Theoretical Model ◽  
Information Exchange ◽  
Modern World ◽  
Translation Process ◽  
Scientific Analysis ◽  
Transmission Of Information ◽  
Translation Accuracy ◽  
Growth Of Science ◽  
Different Levels

In the modern world, the rapid growth of science and technology has caused a huge need for information exchange. There was a need to create a theoretical model of the translation process. Translation problems attracted the attention of linguists, and the study of translation began to take shape as a special linguistic discipline. The requirements for translation accuracy have significantly increased. The translation was supposed to ensure the accurate transmission of information in all details. Without allowing at the same time violations of the norms of the translation language. A strictly scientific analysis of the semantic functions of comparable forms of languages involved in the translation process was required. It was necessary to find out what the linguistic essence of this process is, to what extent it is determined by linguistic factors proper, to what extent such factors limit the accuracy of information transmission.

Grundherrschaft, Gerichtsbarkeit und Regionalverwaltung bis 1848

2021 ◽  
pp. 175-202
Author(s):  
Josef Löffler
Keyword(s):  
Land Tenure ◽  
18Th Century ◽  
Local Level ◽  
Dominant Factor ◽  
Regional Administration ◽  
Separate Section ◽  
Administrative Practice ◽  
District Offices ◽  
State Interference ◽  
Different Levels

Manorial Rule, the Judiciary, and Regional Administration up to 1848. This chapter examines the manorial system, which in Lower Austria was characterized by the fragmentation of both land tenure and manorial rights. The topics addressed are the various types of manorial authorities and their scope, such as seignorial authority over land and peasants (Grundobrigkeit), local authority (Ortsobrigkeit) or jurisdiction, which often entailed overlapping spatial and personal remits. From the 18th century onwards, the emerging state intervened on different levels in the sphere of manors. The chapter focuses on the establishment of regional administration units, known as district offices (Kreisämter), as a controlling authority, the legislation on the protection of subjects, and state interference in internal affairs of manorial administrations. A separate section is dedicated to the conflicts between manors and subjects. Finally, the study explores the power relations on the local level between the state and manors, which ultimately remained a dominant factor in local administrative practice until 1848.

scholarly journals A Review of Geospatial Semantic Information Modeling and Elicitation Approaches

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 146
Author(s):  
Margarita Kokla ◽  
Eric Guilbert
Keyword(s):  
Semantic Information ◽  
Information Modeling ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Research Topics ◽  
Semantic Metadata ◽  
Structured Representation ◽  
Content Semantic ◽  
Different Levels

The present paper provides a review of two research topics that are central to geospatial semantics: information modeling and elicitation. The first topic deals with the development of ontologies at different levels of generality and formality, tailored to various needs and uses. The second topic involves a set of processes that aim to draw out latent knowledge from unstructured or semi-structured content: semantic-based extraction, enrichment, search, and analysis. These processes focus on eliciting a structured representation of information in various forms such as: semantic metadata, links to ontology concepts, a collection of topics, etc. The paper reviews the progress made over the last five years in these two very active areas of research. It discusses the problems and the challenges faced, highlights the types of semantic information formalized and extracted, as well as the methodologies and tools used, and identifies directions for future research.

The theory of information images: Modeling based on diffusion equations

2016 ◽  
Vol 09 (06) ◽  
pp. 1650087 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexandr Y. Petukhov ◽  
Sofia A. Polevaya ◽  
Vladimir G. Yakhno
Keyword(s):  
Social Interaction ◽  
Structural Evolution ◽  
Diffusion Equations ◽  
Transmission Of Information ◽  
Information And Communication ◽  
Theory Of Information ◽  
Thinking Processes ◽  
Human Thinking ◽  
Formalized Description ◽  
Different Levels

This work represents a formalized description of information and communicative interactions of individuals on the basis of theory of information images (II). It also demonstrates how important it is to choose the models type adequate to the systems under research. It also introduces an explication of the possibility to create the model of information and communication interactions that can illustrate transmission of information between two and more individuals. Methods and approaches suggested in this paper allow us to compare different levels of the described processes depending on the chosen architecture of the model; the methods and approaches mentioned in the current work can be also used to simulate the processes of distortion and generation of information images while information and communication social interaction. Expansion and addition of information images theory in terms of transmission of information among individuals enables us to speak about the space of individual II. The existence of such a space and creation of correct formalized model help us to explain a number of characteristic phenomena of human thinking processes. As a result of this research, the authors introduce an equation that describes the spatial and structural evolution of individual II. There is also an example of modeling on the basis of this theory taking into account the results of the experiment (bilingual Stroop test).

scholarly journals ТЕКСТ ДОКУМЕНТА – ВАЖЛИВА КОМУНІКАТИВНА СКЛАДОВА ПИСЕМНОГО ДІЛОВОГО МОВЛЕННЯ

2019 ◽  
pp. 99-105
Author(s):  
Н. В. Острянська
Keyword(s):  
Social Communication ◽  
Correct Choice ◽  
Written Language ◽  
Main Element ◽  
Office Work ◽  
Educational Work ◽  
Management Culture ◽  
Language Constructs ◽  
Important Form ◽  
Different Levels

The purpose of the article is to comprehend and analyze the peculiarities of the text of the document as a communicative unit of written business language.Important communicative qualities of written business language are concentrated in the main element of the document, in the unit of written language - the text. The defining function of the text is to be a means of social communication in all spheres of public life.The text and its actual implementation is the problem of developing a culture of writing, the solution of which involves knowing the laws of logical and lexical word compatibility, the ability to use verbal formulas, distinguish the stylistic features of texts, and select appropriate language material for them.The text as the main element of writing has such communicative qualities: brevity, consistency of presentation of the material, conciseness, semantic accuracy, consistency, objectivity, simplicity, expressiveness of language and style and accuracy of thought. They are expressed in language constructs and verbal formulas of texts of different levels (reports, business letters, contracts, orders), in logical elements (introduction, evidence, conclusions).In the practice of modern office work, general requirements have been developed for the creation of texts of documents, some certain basic rules that ensure the realization of communicative qualities of business language and compliance with lexical, grammatical and stylistic norms.The text of the document is the basis for the use of didactic materials for various educational work.In our opinion, an important form of educational work on the formation of communication skills is the editing of texts of documents.Tasks and exercises on the correct choice of synonyms, grammatical forms for compiling the text of the document form the ability of students to distinguish the meanings of words, develop a sense of language and intuition.In the course of the study, the author of the article comes to the conclusion that it is necessary to be creative in studying business language, taking into account the level of students' knowledge, and not to forget that the text, as a real communicative unit of the document, also performs an important educational function. When flawlessly edited and formatted, the text is a part of the reputation, additional advertising, a part of the image of the enterprise, institution, organization where students will work, a kind of business card, and a sign of a high management culture.

Levels Analysis: J. R. Firth’s Theories of Linguistic Analysis

1960 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 124-135 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. L. Bursill-Hall
Keyword(s):  
Spectrum Analysis ◽  
Linguistic Analysis ◽  
Linguistic Theory ◽  
Learned Societies ◽  
Different Levels

SummaryThis paper should be considered a sequel to the paper read at the meetings of the Canadian Linguistic Association at Kingston in June 1960 and to be published in the Proceedings of the Learned Societies of Canada; in the first paper, the linguistic theories of J. R. Firth (and which are summarised in section 1.0. 1.1, and 1.11 of this paper) were outlined, and in this article the procedures at the different levels (Firth himself has used the term “spectrum analysis”) of the analysis of a text are described and copiously illustrated from the works of Firth and his associates. These methods have been developed by Professor Firth and his colleagues in London on the lines of the linguistic theory promulgated by Professor Firth and adumbrated in the original paper. This article concludes with a detailed bibliography of the writings of Firth and his colleagues; reference is also made to the work of other scholars who have discussed Firth’s linguistic theories.

Dependence of Intergranular Fracture on Boundary Topography and Cohesion

1973 ◽  
Vol 31 ◽  
pp. 150-151
Author(s):  
J. E. Doherty ◽  
A. F. Giamei ◽  
B. H. Kear ◽  
C. W. Steinke
Keyword(s):  
Grain Boundary ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Nickel Base Superalloy ◽  
Boundary Shear ◽  
Room Temperature Ductility ◽  
Solid Solution Matrix ◽  
Nickel Base ◽  
Solution Matrix ◽  
Different Levels ◽  
Base Superalloy

Recently we have been investigating a class of nickel-base superalloys which possess substantial room temperature ductility. This improvement in ductility is directly related to improvements in grain boundary strength due to increased boundary cohesion through control of detrimental impurities and improved boundary shear strength by controlled grain boundary micros true tures.For these investigations an experimental nickel-base superalloy was doped with different levels of sulphur impurity. The micros tructure after a heat treatment of 1360°C for 2 hr, 1200°C for 16 hr consists of coherent precipitates of γ’ Ni3(Al,X) in a nickel solid solution matrix.

Immunoenzymatic demonstration of the simultaneous presence of transferrin, hemopexin and albumin in a same hepatocyte and their ultrastructural localization

1978 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 88-89
Author(s):  
M. Kraemer ◽  
J. Foucrier ◽  
J. Vassy ◽  
M.T. Chalumeau
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Proteins ◽  
Rat Hepatocytes ◽  
Ultrastructural Localization ◽  
Carrier Proteins ◽  
Normal Cells ◽  
Adult Rat ◽  
Adult Rat Hepatocytes ◽  
Monospecific Antisera ◽  
Different Levels

Some authors using immunofluorescent techniques had already suggested that some hepatocytes are able to synthetize several plasma proteins. In vitro studies on normal cells or on cells issued of murine hepatomas raise the same conclusion. These works could be indications of an hepatocyte functionnal non-specialization, meanwhile the authors never give direct topographic proofs suitable with this hypothesis.The use of immunoenzymatic techniques after obtention of monospecific antisera had seemed to us useful to bring forward a better knowledge of this problem. We have studied three carrier proteins (transferrin = Tf, hemopexin = Hx, albumin = Alb) operating at different levels in iron metabolism by demonstrating and localizing the adult rat hepatocytes involved in their synthesis.Immunological, histological and ultrastructural methods have been described in a previous work.

Pragmatic Language Performance of Children Adopted Internationally

2019 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 501-514
Author(s):  
Deborah A. Hwa-Froelich ◽  
Hisako Matsuo
Keyword(s):  
Social Communication ◽  
False Belief ◽  
Pragmatic Language ◽  
Eastern European ◽  
Language Performance ◽  
Emotion Identification ◽  
False Belief Understanding ◽  
Quasi Experimental ◽  
Pragmatic Communication ◽  
Eastern European Countries

Purpose Pragmatic language is important for social communication across all settings. Children adopted internationally (CAI) may be at risk of poorer pragmatic language because of adverse early care, delayed adopted language development, and less ability to inhibit. The purpose of this study was to compare pragmatic language performance of CAI from Asian and Eastern European countries with a nonadopted group of children who were of the same age and from similar socioeconomic backgrounds as well as explore the relationship among emotion identification, false belief understanding, and inhibition variables with pragmatic language performance. Method Using a quasi-experimental design, 35 four-year-old CAI (20 Asian, 15 Eastern European) and 33 children who were not adopted were included in this study. The children's pragmatic language, general language, and social communication (emotion identification of facial expressions, false belief understanding, inhibition) were measured. Comparisons by region of origin and adoption experience were completed. We conducted split-half correlation analyses and entered significant correlation variables into simple and backward regression models. Results Pragmatic language performance differed by adoption experience. The adopted and nonadopted groups demonstrated different correlation patterns. Language performance explained most of the pragmatic language variance. Discussion Because CAI perform less well than their nonadopted peers on pragmatic communication measures and different variables are related to their pragmatic performance, speech-language pathologists may need to adapt assessment and intervention practices for this population.

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