scholarly journals CO2 Emission and Absorption Estimation in Bandung City by Implementing CO2 Emission Rate Reduction Simulation Using the Stella Program

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 28-41
Author(s):  
Natalia Christiani ◽  
Yayat Hidayat ◽  
Sutrisno Trisno
Keyword(s):  
Co2 Emissions ◽  
Co2 Emission ◽  
Green Space ◽  
Emission Rate ◽  
Co2 Absorption ◽  
Waste Processing ◽  
Liquefied Petroleum Gas ◽  
Livestock Waste ◽  
Rate Reduction ◽  
Program Version

Bandung CO2 emissions continue to increase in line with its population. The emissions source comes from the industrial, transportation, Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG), household, and livestock sectors, whereas CO2 absorption only comes from vegetation through photosynthesis. High CO2 emissions could decrease air quality and reduce environmental health. This study aims to estimate the amount of CO2 emissions and their absorption in Bandung by implementing CO2 Emission Rate Reduction Simulation (CERRS). The simulation comprises four scenarios, namely substitution of vehicle fuel and the application of smart driving techniques, optimization of waste processing in IWPS, processing 90% of livestock waste into biogas, and green space development of 30% of Bandung City area. Estimated CO2 emission and absorption rates were calculated for the next 10 years (2021-2030) using the Stella program version 9.0.2. The results showed that without implementing the CERRS, the amount of CO2 emissions in Bandung in 2030 was estimated to reach 10,983,666.82 tons while implementing the CERRS was 2,361,721.30 tons. Without implementing the CERRS, the estimated amount of CO2 absorptions in 2030 was 214,235.11 tons, while implementing the CERRS was 2,785,703.11 tons. It is expected that the application of the CERRS could reduce the level of CO2 emissions in Bandung by 78.5% and increase CO2 absorptions by 1,200.3%.

Green Open Space Needs Analysis of Carbon Dioxide (Co2) Gas Emissions Absorbtion in Serang City

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (2.29) ◽  
pp. 917
Author(s):  
Anis Masyruroh ◽  
Djoko M Hartono ◽  
Herman Haeruman ◽  
Emir Hadisuganda
Keyword(s):  
Land Cover ◽  
Co2 Emissions ◽  
Open Space ◽  
Energy Use ◽  
Green Space ◽  
Electrical Energy ◽  
Co2 Absorption ◽  
Gas Emissions ◽  
Co2 Gas ◽  
The City

An increasing number of population in Serang has resulted in the diversion of vegetated land function to be built area, thus reducing total area of green open space (RTH) of the city. Impact of the land conversion increase will occur on the increasing area of land cover. Land cover thus reduced the vegetation ability to absorb CO2, so that the CO2 generated from activities in the city, such as from energy consumption, livestock and landfill waste cannot be absorbed optimally. The purpose of this study were: 1) to analyze the amount of CO2 emissions from energy use, livestock and garbage activities in 2016-2026; 2) to analyze the CO2 absorption by green space area; 3) to analyze RTH Needs of 2016-2026 to absorb CO2. gas emission. This study was conducted in May 2016 to September 2016. The method used in this research was IPCC calculation for the calculation of emissions from garbage, livestock, and electrical energy. Based on the results of the study showed that in 2016 the Serang city need of green space area was 9844.79 hectares to absorb CO2 gas emissions by 511,051.61 and in 2026  green space area needs of Serang city to absorb CO2 emissions by 18.168 tons was a total area of 1,058,468.16, 76 hectares.  

scholarly journals Comparison of CO2 Emissions from Vehicles in Thailand

2017 ◽  
pp. 65-74 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sutthicha Nilrit ◽  
Pantawat Sampanpanish ◽  
Surat Bualert
Keyword(s):  
Co2 Emissions ◽  
Co2 Emission ◽  
Emission Rate ◽  
Vehicle Speed ◽  
Emission Rates ◽  
Passenger Vehicles ◽  
Light Duty ◽  
Liquid Petroleum Gas ◽  
Heavy Duty Diesel ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Co2

Emission of carbon dioxide (CO2), a greenhouse gas, from typical passenger vehicles in Thailand was investigated using a chassis dynamometer in the Automotive Emission Laboratory. The vehicle running method was controlled under the standard Bangkok driving cycle. CO2 emissions were measured at three different speeds for the following four vehicle types commonly used in Thailand: heavy duty diesel (HDD), light duty diesel (LDD), and light duty gasoline (LDG) vehicles and motorcycles (MC). HDD vehicles had the highest average CO2 emission rate, followed by LDD, LDG and MC at 1,198.8±93.1, 268.4±21.3, 166.1±27.7 and 42.5±6.1 g km-1, respectively; all values were significantly different (p < 0.05) from each other. The effect of different fuel types, including diesel, gasoline 91, gasohol 95, gasohol 91, liquid petroleum gas (LPG) and natural gas for vehicles (NGV), on the CO2 emission level was also compared. HDD vehicles had a higher rate of CO2 emission when using either NGV or diesel, while LDD vehicles emitted more CO2 with diesel than with NGV. For LDG vehicles, more CO2 was emitted with gasohol 91 than with gasohol E20, LPG or NGV. Finally, MC had a higher average CO2 emission rate with gasohol 95 than with gasoline 91 and gasohol 91 at any vehicle speed. The CO2 emission rates obtained in this study can be used as a basis to create a database that supports development of an efficient transportation management system and reduced vehicular emission of greenhouse gases in Thailand.

Reducing CO2 Emissions From a Coal Fired Power Plant by Using a Molten Carbonate Fuel Cell

2008 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jarosław Milewski ◽  
Janusz Lewandowski ◽  
Andrzej Miller
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Cell ◽  
Power Plant ◽  
Co2 Emissions ◽  
Flue Gas ◽  
Co2 Emission ◽  
Emission Rate ◽  
Molten Carbonate Fuel Cell ◽  
System Efficiency ◽  
Molten Carbonate ◽  
Carbonate Fuel Cell

A Molten Carbonate Fuel Cell (MCFC) is shown to reduce CO2 emissions from a Coal Fired Power Plant (CFPP). The MCFC is placed in the flue gas stream of the coal fired boiler. The main advantages of this solution are: higher total electric power generated by a hybrid system, reduced CO2 emissions and higher system efficiency. The model of the MCFC is given and described. The results obtained show that use of an MCFC could reduce CO2 emissions by 56%, which gives a relative CO2 emission rate of 288 kgCO2 per MWh.

scholarly journals Emissions reduction at the Netherlands ministry of defence: potential, possibilities and impact

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
R G van de Ketterij
Keyword(s):  
Global Warming ◽  
Co2 Emissions ◽  
Co2 Emission ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Emission Rate ◽  
Emission Quota ◽  
Operational Energy ◽  
Reduce Emissions ◽  
Current Emission ◽  
Combined Impact

To limit the global temperature rise to 1.5°C in 2100 compared to mid nineteenth century, net post 2015 emissions should amount maximum 200 Gigaton Carbon (GTC) or 734 GT CO2 emissions [Millar, 2017]. Annual world CO2 emission rate was 36.2GT, and CO2_eq (the combined impact of all emissions on global warming, translated to the equivalent impact of CO2 emissions) emission rate  was 49 GT in 2016, [Carbonatlas, 2017]. Currently only 685 GT CO2 emission quota is left, or 14 years of emitting at the current emission rate. Estimates vary widely: IPCC thinks we only have 485 GT CO2 emission quota left, while the most pessimistic estimates talk about only 200 GT CO2. With this in mind, the ambition of the Dutch Operational Energy Strategy [Schulten 2017] to reduce the dependency on fossil fuels (and hence CO2 emissions) by 20 % in 2030, is not sufficient to meet the objectives of the Treaty of Paris. We have to choose whether to keep this ambition, defining much stricter ambitions, or invest differently to keep global warming within acceptable limits. This paper discusses CO2 emissions and their distribution both over different sectors and geographical, worldwide. Next the paper discusses the options we have on short and medium term to reduce emissions, and their impact on emission reduction.

scholarly journals Conventional and Alternative Sources of Thermal Energy in the Production of Cement—An Impact on CO2 Emission

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (6) ◽  
pp. 1539
Author(s):  
Karolina Wojtacha-Rychter ◽  
Piotr Kucharski ◽  
Adam Smolinski
Keyword(s):  
Co2 Emissions ◽  
Co2 Emission ◽  
Alternative Fuels ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Emission ◽  
Calorific Value ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Partial Substitution ◽  
Research Activities ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Clinker Production

The article evaluates the reduction of carbon dioxide emission due to the partial substitution of coal with alternative fuels in clinker manufacture. For this purpose, the calculations were performed for seventy waste-derived samples of alternative fuels with variable calorific value and variable share in the fuel mixture. Based on annual clinker production data of the Polish Cement Association and the laboratory analysis of fuels, it was estimated that the direct net CO2 emissions from fossil fuel combustion alone were 543 Mg of CO2 per hour. By contrast with the full substitution of coal with alternative fuels (including 30% of biomass), the emission ranged from 302 up to 438 Mg of CO2 per hour, depending on fuel properties. A reduction of 70% in the share of fossil fuels resulted in about a 23% decrease in net emissions. It was proved that the increased use of alternative fuels as an additive to the fuel mix is also of economic importance. It was determined that thanks to the combustion of 70% of alternative fuels of calorific value from 15 to 26 MJ/kg, the hourly financial profit gain due to avoided CO2 emission and saved 136 megatons of coal totaled an average of 9718 euros. The results confirmed that the co-incineration of waste in cement kilns can be an effective, long-term way to mitigate carbon emissions and to lower clinker production costs. This paper may constitute a starting point for future research activities and specific case studies in terms of reducing CO2 emissions.

scholarly journals Pulp and Paper Industry: Decarbonisation Technology Assessment to Reach CO2 Neutral Emissions—An Austrian Case Study

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 1161
Author(s):  
Maedeh Rahnama Mobarakeh ◽  
Miguel Santos Silva ◽  
Thomas Kienberger
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Co2 Emissions ◽  
Emission Reduction ◽  
Co2 Emission ◽  
Manufacturing Industry ◽  
Paper Industry ◽  
Heat Pumps ◽  
Pulp And Paper ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Co2 Emission Reduction

The pulp and paper (P&P) sector is a dynamic manufacturing industry and plays an essential role in the Austrian economy. However, the sector, which consumes about 20 TWh of final energy, is responsible for 7% of Austria’s industrial CO2 emissions. This study, intending to assess the potential for improving energy efficiency and reducing emissions in the Austrian context in the P&P sector, uses a bottom-up approach model. The model is applied to analyze the energy consumption (heat and electricity) and CO2 emissions in the main processes, related to the P&P production from virgin or recycled fibers. Afterward, technological options to reduce energy consumption and fossil CO2 emissions for P&P production are investigated, and various low-carbon technologies are applied to the model. For each of the selected technologies, the potential of emission reduction and energy savings up to 2050 is estimated. Finally, a series of low-carbon technology-based scenarios are developed and evaluated. These scenarios’ content is based on the improvement potential associated with the various processes of different paper grades. The results reveal that the investigated technologies applied in the production process (chemical pulping and paper drying) have a minor impact on CO2 emission reduction (maximum 10% due to applying an impulse dryer). In contrast, steam supply electrification, by replacing fossil fuel boilers with direct heat supply (such as commercial electric boilers or heat pumps), enables reducing emissions by up to 75%. This means that the goal of 100% CO2 emission reduction by 2050 cannot be reached with one method alone. Consequently, a combination of technologies, particularly with the electrification of the steam supply, along with the use of carbon-free electricity generated by renewable energy, appears to be essential.

scholarly journals Analyzing the Renewable Energy and CO2 Emission Levels Nexus at an EU Level: A Panel Data Regression Approach

Processes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 130
Author(s):  
Mihail Busu ◽  
Alexandra Catalina Nedelcu
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Panel Data ◽  
Co2 Emissions ◽  
Co2 Emission ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
National Level ◽  
Renewable Energy Consumption ◽  
Urbanization Level ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Co2 ◽  
The Impact

In the past decades, carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions have become an important issue for many researchers and policy makers. The focus of scientists and experts in the area is mainly on lowering the CO2 emission levels. In this article, panel data is analyzed with an econometric model, to estimate the impact of renewable energy, biofuels, bioenergy efficiency, population, and urbanization level on CO2 emissions in European Union (EU) countries. Our results underline the fact that urbanization level has a negative impact on increasing CO2 emissions, while biofuels, bioenergy production, and renewable energy consumption have positive and direct impacts on reducing CO2 emissions. Moreover, population growth and urbanization level are negatively correlated with CO2 emission levels. The authors’ findings suggest that the public policies at the national level must encourage the consumption of renewable energy and biofuels in the EU, while population and urbanization level should come along with more restrictions on CO2 emissions.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document