The Maintenance of Holiness and the Contours of Leadership: Form and Characterization in the Book of Numbers

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Nathan Daily
Keyword(s):  
Critical Theory ◽  
21St Century ◽  
Biblical Studies ◽  
Structure Characterization ◽  
Biblical Text ◽  
Methodological Study ◽  
New Developments ◽  
Divine Violence ◽  
Literary Setting

The book of Numbers presents numerous problems for interpreters who attempt to garner a sense of meaning from the disparate texts and genres found interspersed throughout the work. This dissertation is a methodological study that incorporates features of form-critical theory, which developed over the course of the 20th century and continues to evolve in the 21st century, alongside literary approaches to the biblical text, specifically the analysis of characterization, to present a new reading of the book of Numbers. After surveying recent research on the book of Numbers, new developments in form-critical method, and approaches to characterization in biblical studies, the work offers a methodological proposal for reading Numbers along synchronic lines, according to the rubrics of structure, characterization, and literary setting. The approach analyzes the form rather than the formation of the text, and, by highlighting the role of characterization within the form-critical enterprise, provides a reading that considers the structure and flow of the book of Numbers as well as, through intertextual readings, the significance of Numbers in the broader structure of the Torah. The remainder of the work analyzes four texts from the book of Numbers: The Commission of the Levites (3:5-51); The Purification of the Levites (8:5-22); The Three-Day Journey from Sinai (10:33-11:34); and The Complaint of Miriam and Aaron (11:35-12:15). Each text is read in relation to the dominant structural marker of the Torah, the toledoth formula, and, particularly, the final formulaic marker in 3:1. Each of the four texts presents a model of Judean leadership set in a narrative that sequentially builds by using the Levites as characters that are assigned roles and appear as illustrations for additional roles necessary to maintain holiness in the camp. As the Torah is structured as a creation text (Gen 1-2; Exod 40:17), the dissertation finds that material in Numbers, which follows the completion of the creation narrative in Exod 40:17 by resetting the narrative chronologically to the same time (Num 3:1; 7:1; 9:15; cf. 1:1), is designed to illustrate the levitical task to maintain creation through attending to holiness. Now that creation has reached completion with the dangerous presence of the holy deity residing within Israel, proper management under proper leadership will result in blessing, but inattentiveness to holiness by the leadership or others is liable to incite danger. The new reading attends to discussions of structure, plot, and coherence in Numbers as well as theological concerns related to leadership, holiness, and divine violence.

Change of the Learning Cycle After Blockchain

2020 ◽  
pp. 42-79 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gaye Topa Ciftci
Keyword(s):  
Critical Theory ◽  
Lifelong Learning ◽  
21St Century ◽  
Focal Point ◽  
Learning Activities ◽  
Learning Cycle ◽  
Learning Needs ◽  
Digital Learning ◽  
New Learning

The purpose of this chapter is to create a foresight related to the role of using blockchain to meet the learning needs and how it may change learning cycle in 21st century. In this context, firstly explanation of the development of digital learning was given by describing the paradigm changes in lifelong learning activities. Learning needs of the 21st century were explained within the framework of constructivism and connectivism in terms of changes in learning tendencies. The problems encountered in the new learning tendencies were examined in the context of critical theory. Then to determine how the blockchain can respond to problems in learning, blockchain was defined, with its usage areas and the innovations it can bring to the field were interpreted. Finally learning and blockchain issues were synthesized, which are the focal point of this section, and how these can be used in learning applications, how they can respond to learning needs were discussed.

scholarly journals History and religious experience in biblical research

2003 ◽  
Vol 59 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Pieter G.R. De Villiers
Keyword(s):  
Recent Work ◽  
Religious Experience ◽  
Decisive Role ◽  
Biblical Text ◽  
Book Of Revelation ◽  
True Nature ◽  
New Developments ◽  
The Bible ◽  
Religious Dimensions

This essay firstly investigates the role of history and religious expe-rience in the research of biblical texts generally and on the Book of Revelation in particular. It delineates limitations of some established historical interpretations and new developments in historical work on the Bible. The second part illustrates these trends by comparing earlier historical readings of Revelation with recent work in which the experiential plays a decisive role. The article argues that where historical scholarship distorts, neglects or excludes the religious dimensions of a text, it fails to understand the true nature of the biblical text and interpretation is skew.

Presidential Address 2014

Pneuma ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 36 (3) ◽  
pp. 355-378
Author(s):  
Lee Roy Martin
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Presidential Address ◽  
Biblical Studies ◽  
Biblical Text ◽  
Affective Dimension ◽  
Biblical Study ◽  
Human Decision ◽  
Rhetorical Methods

Biblical studies have focused upon the rational content of the biblical text; even when utilizing rhetorical methods, they have virtually ignored the affective dimension of the biblical argument. Rhetoricians have shown that effective rhetoric includes affective argumentation, and recent studies have demonstrated the role of the affect in human decision making. It is argued here that no matter what methods are being used in biblical study, the affective dimension of the text should be taken into account. This article models the affective approach by means of a study of Psalm 107, which is shown to generate the affection of gratitude. The article then demonstrates how the affection of gratitude might be incorporated into Pentecostal spirituality and practice.

scholarly journals Linguistics, Philology and the Biblical Text

2021 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth Robar
Keyword(s):  
Vantage Point ◽  
Biblical Studies ◽  
Biblical Text ◽  
Academic World ◽  
Biblical Literature ◽  
Relational Knowledge ◽  
Relative Independence ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Relationship

The relationship between linguistics and philology, within biblical studies, became a fraught issue when the Society of Biblical Literature proposed subordinating linguistics to philology. The larger concern is the integrity and integration of scholarship within biblical studies, which itself is related to the integration of scholarship within the academic world. The history of institutionalised scholarship suggests two potential paths for biblical studies: one in which each sub-discipline pursues relative independence and expands the field of knowledge from a detached, scientific vantage point, and one in which the role of the text in speaking to a community is sought in the context of relational knowledge.

scholarly journals The role of trends in guiding the development of tourism and hotel industries in the 21st century

2013 ◽  
Vol 2 (43) ◽  
pp. 105-115
Author(s):  
J. Ruszkowski ◽  
K. Kotra
Keyword(s):  
21St Century ◽  
Supply And Demand ◽  
Soviet Bloc ◽  
The European Union ◽  
New Developments ◽  
International Tourist ◽  
Tourism And Hospitality ◽  
Communist Countries ◽  
The Impact

New and dominant trends in the world’s tourist market are determined by economic factors as well as by the outcomes of recent political changes. This is particularly true about Europe, the largest tourist market throughout the world, which has seen significant developments (e.g. the collapse of the totalitarian Soviet bloc, the democratization of societies in the former communist countries, the formation of the European Union, etc.). The changes have led to the globalization of tourism supply and demand based on the ongoing integration of new countries and entire regions into the international tourist market. The paper aims to highlight the impact that these developments have had on defining tourism development trends in the 21st century, and to demonstrate how tourism products are used to meet customers’ motivations, needs and expectations. The first part of the paper discusses the leading trends and their role in guiding the development of world tourism. The final section focuses on the megatrends that have emerged in the 21st century (especially international) tourist industry. Keywords: tourism and hospitality market, new developments in world tourism, new trends and directions in tourism and leisure industries, UNWTO megatrends by 2020.

Desecularization as Phenomenon at the Turn of 21st Century

2019 ◽  
Vol 29 ◽  
pp. 49-57
Author(s):  
Sergey V.  Lebedev ◽  
Galina N.  Lebedeva
Keyword(s):  
21St Century ◽  
Social Problems ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Islamic Revolution ◽  
Islamic Movement ◽  
The World ◽  
Rational Alternative ◽  
Role Of Religion

In the article the authors note that since the 1970s, with the rise of the Islamic movement and the Islamic revolution in Iran, philosophers and political scientists started to talk about religious renaissance in many regions of the world. In addition, the point at issue is the growing role of religion in society, including European countries that have long ago gone through the process of secularization. The reasons for this phenomenon, regardless of its name, are diverse, but understandable: secular ideologies of the last century failed to explain the existing social problems and give them a rational alternative.

Student Learning and the Role of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) in 21st Century: A Review

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (9) ◽  
pp. 181-185
Author(s):  
Jaspreet Singh ◽  
Amir Shamim Shiekh ◽  
Manmeet Kour ◽  
Pankaj Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Student Learning ◽  
Information And Communication Technologies ◽  
Information And Communication Technology ◽  
Communication Technology ◽  
21St Century ◽  
Teaching And Learning ◽  
Non Governmental Organizations ◽  
Information And Communication ◽  
Secondary Information

In the last few decades, Information Technology has transformed the entire world into a village, known as Global Village, as proposed by Marshal McLuhan. ICT has increased its influence in every field like the education sector, defense sector, technology etc. In the 21st century, information and communication technology (ICT) has become an important and integral part of most educational organizations throughout the world.. The use of ICT in classroom teaching and learning processes has become indispensable as it gives teachers and learners the opportunity to operate, store, control and retrieve data in addition to promoting self-regulated and active learning. (Ali, Haolader & Muhammad, 2013) Today we are dependent on technology and the role of ICT is increasing day by day and is believed to be a new normal. Keeping that in view, the present paper attempts to examine the relationship between information and communication technologies (ICT) and student learning. This conceptual paper  is based on secondary information collected from different sources such as books, journal articles, newspapers, reports of various government organizations, non-governmental organizations and soon.

The role of science in the study of and response to space threats

2019 ◽  
Vol 89 (8) ◽  
pp. 777-799
Author(s):  
B. M. Shustov
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
21St Century ◽  
Space Debris ◽  
The Sun ◽  
National Program ◽  
Biological Hazard ◽  
Academy Of Sciences ◽  
Space Activities

During the second half of the 20th century and the beginning of the 21st century, space hazards multiplied, the most urgent of which is space debris. Professionals working in space are exposed to this hazard daily and are aware of it as a problem. Furthermore, increasing attention is being paid to the unpredictable behavior of the Sun, which produces the so-called space weather. The asteroid-comet hazard is considered as potentially having the most catastrophic consequences. No manifestations of biological hazard have yet been observed, although as space activities develop, it is becoming increasingly important. The appropriate time scale for astrophysical hazards is many millions of years, so from a practical perspective, they have no importance. This article briefly describes the main types of space hazards. The author analyzes the results of research and practical work in the field, both worldwide and specifically in Russia. Comparative analysis leads to the clear conclusion that a national program must be developed for the study of space hazards and to respond to space threats. This article is based on a report made by the author at the meeting of the Presidium of the Russian Academy of Sciences (RAS) on January 15, 2019.

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