Gewährleistung des öffentlichen Personennahverkehrs durch allgemeine Vorschriften

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Annegret Spanka
Keyword(s):  
Public Support ◽  
State Aid ◽  
Transport Sector ◽  
Passenger Transport ◽  
State Support ◽  
The Public ◽  
Transport Services ◽  
Open Questions ◽  
General Rules ◽  
Public Transport Services

Mobility and flexibility are critical for today's society, particularly in the field of local passenger transport. To meet society's need for public passenger transport services, public support is often required. This state support, however, must fulfil the requirements of state aid law. As a new legal instrument, the general rules derived from Regulation (EC) 1370/2007 offer ways of ensuring more efficient public transport services in compliance with state aid law. This work deals with open questions regarding general rules and examines the implications of state support in public local passenger transport services from a state aid perspective. The author offers a practical approach to the implementation of general rules with more legal certainty. Therefore, this work not only contributes to the academic discussion of the topic but also serves as a guide for competent authorities in the public passenger transport sector, providers of these services and their legal advisors.

scholarly journals A Novel Model for Determining Public Service Compensation in Integrated Public Transport Systems

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 2969 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gordan Stojić ◽  
Dušan Mladenović ◽  
Olegas Prentkovskis ◽  
Slavko Vesković
Keyword(s):  
Public Service ◽  
Public Transport ◽  
Free Market ◽  
Transport Systems ◽  
Passenger Transport ◽  
Market Conditions ◽  
The Public ◽  
Transport Services ◽  
Optimal Approach ◽  
Novel Model

In free market conditions, if public passenger transport services are commercially unprofitable, there will be no interest for transport companies to perform them. However, directly because of the citizens’ interests, on the one hand, and indirectly because of the economy, passenger public transport services have become of a general public interest. The authorities must prepare appropriate legal fair market conditions, based on which public transport will be subsidized and conducted. In order to achieve that, for the mutual benefit of the public, users and transport companies, it is necessary that the right Public Service Obligation Model (PSO model or in some literature PCS—Public Service Compensation) be defined. Within this study, the optimal approach to assigning a PSC contract to transport companies for performing the PSO in integrated and regular public passenger transport systems is determined. A novel model, presented in this paper, can help national, regional and local authorities to choose and determine the way and level of PSCs for conducting the public transport of passengers and establishing a sustainable public passenger transport system.

scholarly journals TRANSIÇÕES INSTITUCIONAIS NOS TRANSPORTES PÚBLICOS: A EXPERIÊNCIA BRITÂNICA DE DESREGULAMENTAÇÃO

TRANSPORTES ◽  
1995 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Joaquim Jose Guilherme de Aragão
Keyword(s):  
Market Orientation ◽  
Public Transport ◽  
Transport Sector ◽  
British Government ◽  
Passenger Transport ◽  
Present Contribution ◽  
The Public ◽  
Direct Operation ◽  
The Common

<p>Na presente contribuição, analisa-se a experiência britânica de desregulamentação do transporte publico de passageiro. Inicialmente, retomam-se as discussões que colocaram em questão o padrão comum de envolvimento do Estado nesses serviços, que é de regulamentá-lo fortemente, subsidiá-lo e até de operá-lo. Descrevem-se as medidas colocadas em prática pelo governo britânico para reintroduzir a pura lógica de mercado no setor, assim como as justificativas por ele declaradas. Em seguida, são resumidas as avaliações por parte de diversas fontes, da dita experiência, sendo esse resumo sistematizado nos submodos transporte urbano, transporte rodoviário interurbano e transporte rural. Após esse relato, retoma-se o confronto de discussões, desta vez das realizadas depois da implantação do processo. Por fim, a luz dessas análises e a título de conclusão, algumas indagações sobre a estrutura econômica e institucional do setor de transporte publico são colocadas pelo autor.</p><p><strong>Abstract:</strong></p><p>In the present contribution, the British public passenger transport deregulation experience is analyzed. Initially, the discussions which put into question the common role of State with respect to these services (strong regulation, subsidies and even direct operation by government) are resumed. The measures taken by the British Government in order to reintroduce market orientation into the sector and also their justifications are then described. In a further section, the evaluations made by several studies on deregulation experience are systemized with respect to urban, intercity rural transport. After this description, the opinions and positions put after the ion of the deregulation experiation are resumed. Finally and conclusively, the author puts some questions on the economic and institutional structure of the public transport sector.</p>

scholarly journals A Proposal of Measures Towards a Qualitative Enhancement of Bus Transport Services in the Primorsko-goranska County

Pomorstvo ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 50-58
Author(s):  
Siniša Vilke ◽  
Tomislav Krljan ◽  
Borna Debelić
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Data ◽  
Current Situation ◽  
Passenger Transport ◽  
Transport Service ◽  
The Public ◽  
Transport Services ◽  
Passenger Flows ◽  
Bus Transport ◽  
Density Rate

The survey, which consisted of counting, polling and recording, has provided data on the existing volume of passenger flows in public bus stations/terminals within the Primorsko-goranska (Littoral-Mountainous) County (hereinafter: the PG County), the density rate of passengers on bus lines that operate on County connections and on bus lines connecting the PG County with other counties in Croatia. In addition to the quantitative parameters, the qualitative data were analyzed that had been obtained by polling passengers at the Rijeka bus terminal, whereupon detailed opinions of direct users of the service were elaborated with the aim of obtaining a picture of the current situation of the public bus transport in the PG County. The data collected were used in evaluating the quality of the passenger transport service provided and in determining measures to be taken in order to bring both the actual quality of transport and the satisfaction of passengers to a higher level.

scholarly journals Will Bus Subsidy in Indonesia Sustainable?

2019 ◽  
Vol 280 ◽  
pp. 04016
Author(s):  
Muhammad Nanang Prayudyanto ◽  
Muiz Thohir ◽  
Stefan Belka
Keyword(s):  
Public Transport ◽  
Motor Vehicle ◽  
Urban Transport ◽  
The Public ◽  
Transport Services ◽  
Mode Share ◽  
Pros And Cons ◽  
Motor Vehicle Use ◽  
The Right ◽  
Public Transport Services

The subsidies for public transport entails a controversial discussion on the pros and cons. On one hand mode share of public transport will decrease with increasing income levels towards private motor vehicle use. Intention of this paper is to prove that subsidy plays important role in the public transport operation and business. However such subsidy is not recover he needs to carry out the sustainable urban transport in the future. Government and private partner should create a systematic subsidy targeted for the right modes, that having sustainable achievement. This paper is structured to answer to what extent the effectiveness of government subsidies for the development of public transport services.

scholarly journals The Influence of the Place of Residence on the Behavior and Transport Preferences of the Inhabitants of the Agglomeration

2019 ◽  
Vol 83 ◽  
pp. 163-178
Author(s):  
Krzysztof Grzelec ◽  
Romanika Okraszewska
Keyword(s):  
Public Transport ◽  
Rail Transport ◽  
Sustainable Mobility ◽  
Main Determinant ◽  
The Public ◽  
Transport Behavior ◽  
Transport Services ◽  
Administrative Units ◽  
Public Transport Services ◽  
Selection Of

Transport behaviors and preferences have an impact on modal split, which is why they should form the basis for shaping the public transport offer. Achieving the goals of sustainable mobility requires taking into account differences in transport behavior and preferences characterizing residents from different areas of the agglomeration. Analyzing differences in behaviors and preferences, the possibilities and limitations resulting from the mass character of public transport services and the fact that the main determinant of the offer is the space determined by displacements in the source-target relation should be taken into account. This article identifies differences in transport behavior and preferences of residents based on the center and suburbs of the Gdańsk agglomeration. At the same time, a preliminary attempt was made to explain the causes of specific differences in residents’ behavior and transport preferences, taking into account the limited volume ofpublication. The share of public transport in the implementation of travel decreases with the distance of the area of   residence from the center of the agglomeration. The increase in the share of rail transport in travel affects the increase in the importance of waiting time and the lack of change as a decisive factor in the selection of cars in trips. Transport preferences are strongly diversified in individual areas. Differences are noticeable even in the center areas constituting separate administrative units.

scholarly journals Public transport strategy: Minimal service vs. competitor to the car

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 1275-1294
Author(s):  
Cecília Silva ◽  
Catarina Cadima ◽  
Nayanne Castro ◽  
Aud Tennoy
Keyword(s):  
Public Transport ◽  
Planning Process ◽  
Ghg Emissions ◽  
Added Value ◽  
European Regulation ◽  
The Public ◽  
Planning Support ◽  
Transport Services ◽  
Support Tools ◽  
Public Transport Services

With regard to public policy for public transport services, two dominant approaches are found: the provision of minimal services to the car-less population, or the provision of a service that competes directly with the car (in terms of time, cost, convenience, etc.). Increased acknowledgement of the need to mitigate traffic growth and reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions has led to a growing need to shift from the former to the latter, encouraging the use of public transport. This paper sets out to explore whether competitiveness with the car is a priority for the public transport planning of medium-sized European cities, as well as whether the change in European regulation (European Commission, 2007) has managed to contribute to the acceptance of this priority. In this study, we take a closer look at a country undergoing significant regulatory and procedural transformations. An exploratory analysis is conducted regarding plans, actions, and development projects in recent years in four Portuguese municipalities. Relevant planners and transport authorities are interviewed on matters such as how local policies and plans favor public transport; how the planning process was implemented; the actors involved; and the support tools used to achieve the established goals. The findings reveal that relative competitiveness of public transport is considered important by planning practitioners. Nevertheless, other concerns seem to be more timely, such as, providing minimal services, restructuring existing networks, and budget constraints. The results suggest that changes in the planning process have been overwhelming and are seen as restricting the steps required toward making public transport more competitive vis-à-vis the car. So far, local authorities recognize the potential of adding relative competitiveness concerns in the future, as well as the added value of planning support tools capable of revealing such relative competitiveness.

scholarly journals Analysis of the functioning of the Berlin – Brandenburg Union of Communication (Verkehrsverbund Berlin-Brandenburg, VBB)

2018 ◽  
Vol 19 (5) ◽  
pp. 22-29
Author(s):  
Kamil Pędziwiatr ◽  
Joanna Sokół
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Older People ◽  
Public Transport ◽  
Small Children ◽  
The Public ◽  
Transport Services ◽  
Current State ◽  
Reduced Mobility ◽  
The City ◽  
Public Transport Services

The article presents the meaning and the current state of functioning in the Berlin area – Brandenburg (Germany) Union of Communication. The paper is focused on the problem of eliminating barriers by implementing innovations in public transport for passengers with reduced mobility, such as disabled, but also older people, pregnant women, people with small children, large luggage or obese. These innovations are intended not only to increase the availability of public transport for these groups of users, but also to respect their human rights to live with dignity. Practical solutions are based on the city of Berlin, with an average of 3,8 million passengers per day on the public transport services.

scholarly journals The Analysis and Evaluation Assessment of Safety of Selected Types of Exploitation Systems Means of Transport / Analiza i Ocena Porównawcza Bezpieczeństwa Działania Wybranych Typów Systemów Eksploatacji Środków Transportowych

2015 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 197-208
Author(s):  
Łukasz Muślewski ◽  
Piotr Bojar ◽  
Łukasz Muciok ◽  
Michał Lewalski
Keyword(s):  
Public Transport ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Complex Structure ◽  
Assessment Criteria ◽  
Safe Operation ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
The Public ◽  
Analysis And Evaluation ◽  
Transport Services ◽  
Public Transport Services

Abstract In a situation of increasing the supply of means of individual transport and not capable of following the development of infrastructure, an important issue is the issue of ensuring adequate levels of efficiency, safety and the competitiveness of the operation of the exploitation of public transport services. Factors affecting the safe operation pending exploitation systems of vehicles, in a differentiated way affect the level of safety provided services in smaller cities - up to 100 thousand inhabitants, with respect to the cities which are agglomerations of more complex structure, which are cities the number to 500 thousand inhabitants. This paper attempts to analyze and evaluate the safety of the operation of the public transport services exploitation, on the basis of the same assessment criteria, comparing two different sized urban areas.

Modal Mismatch and Accessibility Gap in Dhaka using a Time of Day Based Approach

2020 ◽  
pp. 036119812097239
Author(s):  
Paromita Nakshi ◽  
Anindya Kishore Debnath
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Autocorrelation ◽  
Public Transport ◽  
Time Of Day ◽  
Spatiotemporal Variations ◽  
Policy Perspective ◽  
The Public ◽  
Public Transport System ◽  
Transport Services ◽  
Formal Arrangement ◽  
Public Transport Services

Transport accessibility is an area of growing global attention among transportation planners and policymakers. This paper aims to portray spatiotemporal variations of car and public bus accessibility in the context of a city in a developing country: Dhaka, Bangladesh. The public bus system in Dhaka is characterized by a semi-formal arrangement which means there is a lack of available data, for example, General Transit Feed Specification, which poses great difficulties in the study of accessibility. Given these limitations, we have presented the concept of major destinations to analyze spatiotemporal accessibility based on the simple understanding that trip purposes, time of day, and trip destinations are interlinked in an urban area, and different locations would attract a different number of trips based on the time of day. Using a spatial autocorrelation approach, we identified the statistically significant destination clusters in Dhaka by peak and off-peak hours. We measured accessibility to the major destinations using a cumulative opportunity-based metric followed by estimation of the Modal Accessibility Gap (MAG). The findings indicated that, regardless of the trip origins and time of day, dependence on public transport puts the users in a substantially disadvantageous position. From the policy perspective, we have suggested the introduction of a formal public transport system in Dhaka, particularly targeting the traffic analysis zones with higher MAG. Such an approach would lead to better resource usage while providing enhanced public transport services for both peak and off-peak hours and limiting dependence on cars.

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