scholarly journals Circadian Sensation and Visual Perception

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Jackson Oliveira de Andrade
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Reaction Time ◽  
Body Temperature ◽  
Circadian Rhythms ◽  
Visual Perception ◽  
Biological Rhythms ◽  
The Body ◽  
Perception Time ◽  
Sensory Activity ◽  
Attention Memory

The physiology of living beings presents oscillations that are known as biological rhythms. The most studied rhythm is called circadian (circa = circa, dies = day), because it varies with a period close to 24h. Most functions of the body have circadian variations, one can mention, for example, metabolism, body temperature, the activity of the nervous system, secretion of hormones such as melatonin and cortisol. Circadian rhythms were also found in human behavior, for example: in sensory activity, motor activity, reaction time, visual perception, auditory perception, time perception, attention, memory, arithmetic calculus, and executive functions. The present work reviews the visual path that participates in the synchronization of circadian rhythms, as well as the evidence that exists about the presence of circadian rhythms in the sensation and visual perception of the human being.

Internal synchronization among several circadian rhythms in rats under constant light

1978 ◽  
Vol 235 (5) ◽  
pp. R243-R249 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. I. Honma ◽  
T. Hiroshige
Keyword(s):  
Locomotor Activity ◽  
Body Temperature ◽  
Circadian Rhythms ◽  
Continuous Light ◽  
Biological Rhythms ◽  
Plasma Corticosterone ◽  
Dark Cycle ◽  
Internal Oscillator ◽  
Free Running ◽  
Phase Angles

Three biological rhythms (locomotor activity, body temperature, and plasma corticosterone) were measured simultaneously in individual rats under light-dark cycles and continuous light. Spontaneous locomotor activity was recorded on an Animex and body temperature was telemetrically monitored throughout the experiments. Blood samples were obtained serially at 2-h intervals on the experimental days. Phase angles of these rhythms were calculated by a least-squares spectrum analysis. Under light-dark cycles, the acrophases of locomotor activity, body temperature, and plasma corticosterone were found at 0029, 0106, and 1940 h, respectively. When rats were exposed to 200 lx continuous light, locomotor activity and body temperature showed free-running rhythms with a period of 25.2 h on the average. Plasma corticosterone levels determined at 12 days after exposure to continuous light exhibited a circadian rhythm with the acrophase shifted to 0720. The acrophases of locomotor activity and body temperature, determined simultaneously on the same day, were found to be located at 1303 and 1358 h, respectively. Phase-angle differences among the three rhythms on the 12th day of continuous light were essentially the same with those under the light-dark cycle. These results suggest that circadian rhythms of locomotor activity, body temperature, and plasma corticosterone are most probably coupled to a common internal oscillator in the rat.

Circadian Rhythms of Serum Thyrotrophin and Body Temperature in Euthyroid Individuals and their Responses to Warming

1984 ◽  
Vol 67 (4) ◽  
pp. 433-437 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. P. O'malley ◽  
A. Richardson ◽  
N. Cook ◽  
S. Swart ◽  
F. D. Rosenthal
Keyword(s):  
Body Temperature ◽  
Circadian Rhythms ◽  
Diurnal Rhythm ◽  
Normal Subjects ◽  
The Body ◽  
Diurnal Rhythms ◽  
Tsh Levels

1. The diurnal rhythms of body temperature and serum thyrotrophin (TSH) levels in euthyroid individuals behaved inversely to one another. 2. An artificially induced rise in the body temperature of these individuals was accompanied by a fall in serum thyrotrophin levels, the amplitudes of their respective rhythms decreasing simultaneously. 3. There was a marked correlation between the degrees of change in body temperature and circulating thyrotrophin levels respectively during warming. 4. In normal subjects manipulation of the diurnal rhythm of body temperature brings about inverse alterations in the thyrotrophin rhythm.

Impairment of heme biosynthesis induces short circadian period in body temperature rhythms in mice

2012 ◽  
Vol 303 (1) ◽  
pp. R8-R18 ◽  
Author(s):  
Reiko Iwadate ◽  
Yoko Satoh ◽  
Yukino Watanabe ◽  
Hiroshi Kawai ◽  
Naomi Kudo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Temperature ◽  
Circadian Rhythms ◽  
Core Body Temperature ◽  
Intraperitoneal Administration ◽  
Biological Rhythms ◽  
Heme Biosynthesis ◽  
Diurnal Rhythms ◽  
Phase Advance ◽  
Constant Darkness ◽  
Acute Porphyria

It has been demonstrated that the function of mammalian clock gene transcripts is controlled by the binding of heme in vitro. To examine the effects of heme on biological rhythms in vivo, we measured locomotor activity (LA) and core body temperature (Tb) in a mouse model of porphyria with impaired heme biosynthesis by feeding mice a griseofulvin (GF)-containing diet. Mice fed with a 2.0% GF-containing diet (GF2.0) transiently exhibited phase advance or phase advance-like phenomenon by 1–3 h in terms of the biological rhythms of Tbor LA, respectively (both, P < 0.05) while mice were kept under conditions of a light/dark cycle (12 h:12 h). We also observed a transient, ∼0.3 h shortening of the period of circadian Tbrhythms in mice kept under conditions of constant darkness ( P < 0.01). Interestingly, the observed duration of abnormal circadian rhythms in GF2.0 mice lasted between 1 and 3 wk after the onset of GF ingestion; this finding correlated well with the extent of impairment of heme biosynthesis. When we examined the effects of therapeutic agents for acute porphyria, heme, and hypertonic glucose on the pathological status of GF2.0 mice, it was found that the intraperitoneal administration of heme (10 mg·kg−1·day−1) or glucose (9 g·kg−1·day−1) for 7 days partially reversed (50%) increases in urinary δ-aminolevulinic acids levels associated with acute porphyria. Treatment with heme, but not with glucose, suppressed the phase advance (-like phenomenon) in the diurnal rhythms ( P < 0.05) and restored the decrease of heme ( P < 0.01) in GF2.0 mice. These results suggest that impairments of heme biosynthesis, in particular a decrease in heme, may affect phase and period of circadian rhythms in animals.

Free-Running Human Circadian Rhythms in Svalbard

1979 ◽  
Vol 34 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 470-473 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Johnsson ◽  
W. Engelmann ◽  
W. Klemke ◽  
Aud Tveito Ekse
Keyword(s):  
Body Temperature ◽  
Circadian Rhythms ◽  
Continuous Light ◽  
Circadian System ◽  
The Body ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Light Conditions ◽  
Temperature Recording ◽  
Rest Time ◽  
Free Running

Abstract The body temperature, activity-rest time, electrolytes of urine samples and mood was measured in two persons during a 19 day period under continuous light conditions in the arctic (vicinity of Ny Ålesund, Svalbard-Spitsbergen). For temperature recording a new thermoprobe and a portable printer was used. Possible week Zeitgeber of the 24 hour day did not synchronize the circadian system, since circadian rhythms of about 26 hours were found. These results open up the pos­ sibility to study effects of drugs on the circadian system of humans under Svalbard conditions.

scholarly journals The Composition of Human Perspiration (Samuel Hyde Memorial Lecture)

1934 ◽  
Vol 27 (7) ◽  
pp. 839-848 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. A. McSwiney
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Body Temperature ◽  
Normal Subjects ◽  
The Body ◽  
Sweat Glands ◽  
Memorial Lecture ◽  
Acetyl Choline ◽  
Warm Blood ◽  
Stimulation Of

Water given off by the skin is classified as insensible and sensible perspiration. Under normal conditions about 600 to 700 c.c. is evaporated from the skin in twentyfour hours. The chief physiological significance of the perspiration is to assist in regulating the body temperature. The constituents of perspiration are very variable. The average values calculated from the examination of fourteen male specimens and ten female specimens are given below:— [Formula: see text] Examination of the figures obtained for the sweat shed by rheumatic subjects shows no marked divergence from those recorded for normal subjects. Lactic acid is stated to be present in relatively large amounts in sweat, but these results have not been confirmed. Moss (1923) demonstrated the importance of the loss of chloride which occurred during continued sweating. He showed that symptoms of water-poisoning occurred when men engaged in hard work in hot places drank water freely. Hancock, Whitehouse and Haldane (1930) point out that the percentage of chloride in sweat increases markedly with duration of sweating, and suggest that water poisoning is due to an alteration in the diffusion pressure of water in the body. The secretion is under control of the nervous system, and is normally excited through stimulation of the centres by warm blood. The sweat-glands are innervated by fibres of the sympathetic system. Adrenaline has, however, no action on the glands, while pilocarpine excites and atropine paralyses. Recent investigations suggest that acetyl-choline is liberated at the nerve-endings.

Free-running circadian rhythms of muscle strength, reaction time, and body temperature in totally blind people

2012 ◽  
Vol 113 (1) ◽  
pp. 157-165 ◽  
Author(s):  
Camila Fabiana Rossi Squarcini ◽  
Maria Laura Nogueira Pires ◽  
Cleide Lopes ◽  
Ana Amélia Benedito-Silva ◽  
Andrea Maculano Esteves ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Body Temperature ◽  
Circadian Rhythms ◽  
Muscle Strength ◽  
Blind People ◽  
Free Running

scholarly journals Relationship between body mass index and simple visual reaction time in students of a medical college of Nepal

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 14-18
Author(s):  
Neeti Bhat ◽  
Narayan Bahadur Mahotra ◽  
Lava Shrestha ◽  
Vibina Aryal ◽  
Nirmala Rayamajhi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Reaction Time ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
The Body ◽  
Visual Reaction Time ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Visual Reaction ◽  
The Central Nervous System

Introduction: Obesity is a chronic condition with an increase in adipose tissues. It is known to affect various systems of body including the central nervous system. Reaction time is a measure of the integrity of the central nervous system which is an integrated voluntary response to a stimulus that includes receiving and processing of stimulus, drawing inference, and generating a motor response. This study was conducted with the objective of finding a relationship between body mass index, a measure of obesity and simple visual reaction time. Materials and methods: This cross-sectional analytical study was conducted on 60 participants aged 18-25 years. The body mass index of participants was calculated using Quetelet’s index, calculated by weight in kilograms divided by square of height in meter. Deary-Liewald reaction time task software version 3.10 was used to analyze their simple visual reaction time. Correlation of reaction time and body mass index was assessed using Pearson’s correlation test. Results: A weak positive correlation (r= 0.17) was observed between body mass index and simple visual reaction time but the correlation coefficient was not statistically significant (p=0.19). Conclusions: Slower visual reaction time with an increase in body mass index was noted. But the findings of current study were inadequate to deduce if any linear relationship exists between simple visual reaction time and body mass index.

Two circadian rhythms in the human electroencephalogram during wakefulness

1999 ◽  
Vol 277 (6) ◽  
pp. R1771-R1779 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Aeschbach ◽  
Jeffery R. Matthews ◽  
Teodor T. Postolache ◽  
Michael A. Jackson ◽  
Holly A. Giesen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Temperature ◽  
Circadian Rhythms ◽  
Power Density ◽  
High Frequency ◽  
Spectral Power ◽  
The Body ◽  
Temporal Association ◽  
Alpha Band ◽  
Theta Band ◽  
Time Awake

The influence of the circadian pacemaker and of the duration of time awake on the electroencephalogram (EEG) was investigated in 19 humans during ∼40 h of sustained wakefulness. Two circadian rhythms in spectral power density were educed. The first rhythm was centered in the theta band (4.25–8.0 Hz) and exhibited a minimum ∼1 h after the onset of melatonin secretion. The second rhythm was centered in the high-frequency alpha band (10.25–13.0 Hz) and exhibited a minimum close to the body temperature minimum. The latter rhythm showed a close temporal association with the rhythms in subjective alertness, plasma melatonin, and body temperature. In addition, increasing time awake was associated with an increase of power density in the 0.25- to 9.0-Hz and 13.25- to 20.0-Hz ranges. It is concluded that the waking EEG undergoes changes that can be attributed to circadian and homeostatic (i.e., sleep-wake dependent) processes. The distinct circadian variations of EEG activity in the theta band and in the high-frequency alpha band may represent electrophysiological correlates of different aspects of the circadian rhythm in arousal.

Effect of gastrointestinal flora on body temperature of rats and mice

1990 ◽  
Vol 258 (2) ◽  
pp. R552-R557 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. J. Kluger ◽  
C. A. Conn ◽  
B. Franklin ◽  
R. Freter ◽  
G. D. Abrams
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Body Temperature ◽  
Circadian Rhythms ◽  
Marked Decrease ◽  
The Body ◽  
Body Temperatures ◽  
Gut Flora ◽  
Nighttime Temperatures ◽  
Rats And Mice

The purpose of these experiments was to test the hypothesis that gut flora influences the body temperature of rodents. Rats and mice were implanted with biotelemetry transmitters that enabled us to record both abdominal temperature and activity for long periods of time. Rats given nonabsorbable antibiotics in their drinking water, which reduced their gut flora, had a marked decrease in both their daytime and nighttime temperatures. Similar results were found with germfree mice. The circadian rhythms in body temperature of germfree and conventionalized mice were not different. However, the body temperatures of the germfree mice were lower than those of the conventionalized mice during both the daytime and nighttime. The decrease in body temperature in the germfree mice was not related to changes in activity. These results support the hypothesis that gut flora has a tonic stimulatory effect on both the daytime and nighttime body temperature of rodents.

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