scholarly journals Radiolabelled Nanoparticles for Brain Targeting

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dimple Sethi Chopra
Keyword(s):  
Side Effects ◽  
Tumor Cells ◽  
Neurological Status ◽  
Alpha Particles ◽  
Adult Brain ◽  
Brain Targeting ◽  
Emission Point ◽  
Point Versus ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Patient Prognosis

Tumors like glioblastoma are inaccessible due to blood brain barrier. The permeability of radioisotopes can be improved by conjugating them with nanoparticles. The most common malignant adult brain tumor is glioblastoma, which has very poor patient prognosis. The mean survival for highly proliferative glioblastoma is only 10–14 months despite an aggressive radiotherapy and chemotherapy following debulking surgery. β− particle emitters like 131I, 90Y, 186/188Re, and 177Lu have been coupled with nanoparticles and used for treatment of glioblastoma. These radiopharmaceutical compounds have resulted in a stabilization and improvement of the neurological status with minimal side effects. Similarly, α particle emitters like 213Bi, 211At, and 225Ac are an innovative and interesting alternative. Alpha particles deliver a high proportion of their energy inside the targeted cells within a few micrometers from the emission point versus several millimeters for β− particles. Thus, α particles are highly efficient in killing tumor cells with minimal irradiation of healthy tissues and permits targeting of isolated tumor cells. This has been confirmed by subsequent clinical trials which showed better therapeutic efficacy and minimal side effects, thus opening a new and promising era for glioblastoma medical care using α therapy.

Hybrid Compounds & Oxidative Stress Induced Apoptosis in Cancer Therapy

2020 ◽  
Vol 27 (13) ◽  
pp. 2118-2132 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aysegul Hanikoglu ◽  
Hakan Ozben ◽  
Ferhat Hanikoglu ◽  
Tomris Ozben
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Drug Resistance ◽  
Side Effects ◽  
Cancer Therapy ◽  
Tumor Cells ◽  
Anticancer Drugs ◽  
Chemotherapeutic Agents ◽  
Oxidation Reactions ◽  
Hybrid Compounds ◽  
Induced Apoptosis

: Elevated Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) generated by the conventional cancer therapies and the endogenous production of ROS have been observed in various types of cancers. In contrast to the harmful effects of oxidative stress in different pathologies other than cancer, ROS can speed anti-tumorigenic signaling and cause apoptosis of tumor cells via oxidative stress as demonstrated in several studies. The primary actions of antioxidants in cells are to provide a redox balance between reduction-oxidation reactions. Antioxidants in tumor cells can scavenge excess ROS, causing resistance to ROS induced apoptosis. Various chemotherapeutic drugs, in their clinical use, have evoked drug resistance and serious side effects. Consequently, drugs having single-targets are not able to provide an effective cancer therapy. Recently, developed hybrid anticancer drugs promise great therapeutic advantages due to their capacity to overcome the limitations encountered with conventional chemotherapeutic agents. Hybrid compounds have advantages in comparison to the single cancer drugs which have usually low solubility, adverse side effects, and drug resistance. This review addresses two important treatments strategies in cancer therapy: oxidative stress induced apoptosis and hybrid anticancer drugs.

Liposomes: Novel Drug Delivery Approach for Targeting Parkinson’s Disease

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (37) ◽  
pp. 4721-4737 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bhumika Kumar ◽  
Mukesh Pandey ◽  
Faheem H. Pottoo ◽  
Faizana Fayaz ◽  
Anjali Sharma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Parkinson's Disease ◽  
Side Effects ◽  
Blood Brain Barrier ◽  
Brain Barrier ◽  
Brain Targeting ◽  
Neural Cells ◽  
Blood Brain ◽  
The Brain

Parkinson’s disease is one of the most severe progressive neurodegenerative disorders, having a mortifying effect on the health of millions of people around the globe. The neural cells producing dopamine in the substantia nigra of the brain die out. This leads to symptoms like hypokinesia, rigidity, bradykinesia, and rest tremor. Parkinsonism cannot be cured, but the symptoms can be reduced with the intervention of medicinal drugs, surgical treatments, and physical therapies. Delivering drugs to the brain for treating Parkinson’s disease is very challenging. The blood-brain barrier acts as a highly selective semi-permeable barrier, which refrains the drug from reaching the brain. Conventional drug delivery systems used for Parkinson’s disease do not readily cross the blood barrier and further lead to several side-effects. Recent advancements in drug delivery technologies have facilitated drug delivery to the brain without flooding the bloodstream and by directly targeting the neurons. In the era of Nanotherapeutics, liposomes are an efficient drug delivery option for brain targeting. Liposomes facilitate the passage of drugs across the blood-brain barrier, enhances the efficacy of the drugs, and minimize the side effects related to it. The review aims at providing a broad updated view of the liposomes, which can be used for targeting Parkinson’s disease.

Tissue Distribution and Systemic Toxicity Evaluation of Raloxifene Targeted Polymeric Micelles of Poly (Styrene-Maleic Acid)-Poly (Amide- Ether-Ester-Imide)-Poly (Ethylene Glycol) Loaded With Docetaxel in Breast Cancer Bearing Mice

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 280-291 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jaleh Varshosaz ◽  
Farshid Hassanzadeh ◽  
Batool Hashemi-Beni ◽  
Mohsen Minaiyan ◽  
Saeedeh Enteshari
Keyword(s):  
Side Effects ◽  
Antitumor Activity ◽  
Ethylene Glycol ◽  
Tissue Distribution ◽  
Tumor Cells ◽  
Maleic Acid ◽  
Polymeric Micelles ◽  
Poly Ethylene Glycol ◽  
Poly Ethylene ◽  
Ether Ester

Background: Due to the low water solubility of Docetaxel (DTX), it is formulated with ethanol and Tween 80 with lots of side effects. For this reason, special attention has been paid to formulate it in new drug nano-carriers. Objective: The goal of this study was to evaluate the safety, antitumor activity and tissue distribution of the novel synthesized Raloxifene (RA) targeted polymeric micelles. Methods: DTX-loaded RA-targeted polymeric micelles composed of poly(styrene-maleic acid)- poly(amide-ether-ester-imide)-poly(ethylene glycol) (SMA-PAEE-PEG) were prepared and their antitumor activity was studied in MC4-L2 tumor-bearing mice compared with non-targeted micelles and free DTX. Safety of the micelles was studied by Hematoxylin and Eosin (H&E) staining of tumors and major organs of the mice. The drug accumulation in the tumor and major organs was measured by HPLC method. Results: The results showed better tumor growth inhibition and increased survival of mice treated with DTX-loaded in targeted micelles compared to the non-targeted micelles and free DTX. Histopathological studies, H&E staining of tumors and immunohistochemical examination showed the potential of DTX-loaded RA-targeted micelles to inhibit tumor cells proliferation. The higher accumulation of the DTX in the tumor tissue after injection of the micelles compared to the free DTX may indicate the higher uptake of the targeted micelles by the G-Protein-Coupled Estrogen Receptors (GPER). Conclusion: The results indicate that RA-conjugated polymeric micelles may be a strong and effective drug delivery system for DTX therapy and uptake of the drug into tumor cells, and overcome the disadvantages and side effects of conventional DTX.

scholarly journals AB0287 HEMATOLOGICAL SIDE EFFECTS OF BIOLOGICAL THERAPY IN RHEUMATOLOGY: DATA FROM THE TUNISIAN REGISTER

2020 ◽  
Vol 79 (Suppl 1) ◽  
pp. 1442.2-1442
Author(s):  
H. Bettaieb ◽  
S. Boussaid ◽  
S. Jemmali ◽  
S. Rekik ◽  
E. Cheour ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Side Effects ◽  
Biological Treatment ◽  
Blood Count ◽  
Biological Therapy ◽  
National Registry ◽  
Close Monitoring ◽  
Female Ratio ◽  
Therapy Initiation ◽  
Male Female Ratio ◽  
The Mean

Background:During the last decade, the treatment of chronic inflammatory rheumatism (CIR) has been greatly improved with the advent of biotherapy.However, the use of biological treatment can lead to a number of side effects including abnormalities in the blood count.Objectives:The aim of this study was to assess the different hematological side effects of biological treatment in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and spondyloarthitis (SA).Methods:This study included patients with RA (ACR/EULAR 2010) and SA (ASAS 2009) registred with the Tunisian Biologic National Registry (BINAR).Patients were followed and treated with biologics for 2 years of less. Clinical data relative to biological treatment, including haematological side effects, have been collected.Results:Two hundred and ninety-eight patients (178 women and 111 men) were included in the study.The mean age was 49.2 ± 14.1 years. The male/female ratio was 0.6. The mean diseases durations for RA and SA were respectively 6.7 ± 3.5 years and 6.5 ±3.6 years.Anti-TNFα agents were prescribed in 87.9% of patients (n = 263) with respectively: Infliximab (20.4%) Etanercept (23.1%), Adalimumab (24.6%) and Certolizumab (26.5%).Tocilizumab and Rituximab were prescribed in 10.4% and 5% of the patients, respectively.Blood count abnormalities were noted in 15.4 % of patients (n=46).Neutropenia was the most frequently anomaly met on the hemogram (9.1%) followed by anemia (3.4%) and thrombocytopenia (3%). Pancytopenia was found in 11.4% of patients (n=34).The median time between biological therapy initiation and the onset of hematologic manifestations was 4.8 months [1-12]. Biological treatment was interrupted in two patients.In the other cases, the biological treatment was maintained with close monitoring of blood cell count. No case of death related to these hematological disturbances has been reported.Conclusion:In our registry, hematological side effects of biological treatment were found in 15.4% of cases and were noted with a median delay of 4.8 [1-12] months after the treatment initiation. Further studies are needed to confirm our preliminary results.Disclosure of Interests:None declared

scholarly journals Efficacy and Safety of Modified Huang-Lian-Jie-Du Decoction Cream on Cancer Patients with Skin Side Effects Caused by EGFR Inhibition

Processes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (7) ◽  
pp. 1081
Author(s):  
Ming-Yang Lee ◽  
Mei-Yi Lin ◽  
Yu-Ju Chang ◽  
Yu-Ting Tseng ◽  
I-An Huang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Side Effects ◽  
Adverse Events ◽  
Kinase Inhibitors ◽  
Target Therapy ◽  
Herbal Medicines ◽  
Skin Toxicity ◽  
Dry Skin ◽  
Egfr Inhibition ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Skin Conditions

(1) Background: The epidermal growth factor inhibitors (EGFRIs)/tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) are effective for cancer target therapy, but acneiform rashes or so-called inflammatory papulopustular exanthemas are common (50% to 90%). The conventional therapy for EGFRIs/TKIs-induced skin toxicity is steroids and antibacterial drugs, but it is still ineffective for some patients, and EGFRIs/TKIs dose reduction/interruption may be needed. In this study, a modified Chinese herbal medicine, Huang-Lian-Jie-Du decoction cream with Yin-Cold (YC) medicine characteristic, was investigated for the effect on patients suffering EGFRIs/TKIs-induced skin toxicity. (2) Methods: The modified Huang-Lian-Jie-Du (mHLJD) decoction cream was made from 10 herbal medicines, including 4 major medicines (Huanglian, Huangqin, Huangbo, and Zhizi) in traditional HLJD decoction. Patients with EGFRIs/TKIs-induced skin toxicity were enrolled. Patients were excluded if they also used other cream for skin toxicity. Skin conditions were monitored by follow up every 2 weeks. The patients’ characteristics, the skin toxicities, treatment response, and adverse events were recorded and analyzed until skin problems resolved or the study ended. (3) Results: The mHLJD decoction cream and its sub-packages were stored at 4 °C before use. Thirty-four patients who had grade 1–3 skin toxicities after receiving EGFRIs/TKIs were enrolled. Seven patients withdrew or were excluded. Finally, data from 27 patients were analyzed. The mean grade of rash acneiform was significantly decreased from 2.19 (ranged 1 to 3) to 0.88 (ranged 0 to 2) after mHLJD decoction cream treatment for 4 weeks and to 0.55 (ranged 0 to 2) after mHLJD decoction cream treatment for 8 weeks. Additionally, the mean grade of dry skin was also significantly decreased from 1.57 (ranged 1 to 2) to 0.71 (ranged 0 to 1) after mHLJD decoction cream treatment for 4 weeks. The changes of skin toxicity were significant, with no obvious adverse events. (4) Conclusions: In summary, the mHLJD decoction cream provides benefits for alleviation of EGFRIs/TKIs-induced skin rash acneiform and dry skin. Additionally, no obvious side effects were found in patients using mHLJD decoction cream.

Differences in Acute Ischemic Stroke Management and Prognosis between Multiple Large-Vessel Occlusion and Single Large-Vessel Occlusion: Subanalysis of the RESCUE-Japan Registry 2

2021 ◽  
Vol 50 (4) ◽  
pp. 397-404
Author(s):  
Kotaro Tatebayashi ◽  
Kazutaka Uchida ◽  
Hiroto Kageyama ◽  
Hirotoshi Imamura ◽  
Nobuyuki Ohara ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ischemic Stroke ◽  
Acute Ischemic Stroke ◽  
Patient Characteristics ◽  
Large Vessel ◽  
Large Vessel Occlusion ◽  
Vessel Occlusion ◽  
Endovascular Thrombectomy ◽  
Tandem Occlusion ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Patient Prognosis

<b><i>Introduction:</i></b> The management and prognosis of acute ischemic stroke due to multiple large-vessel occlusion (LVO) (MLVO) are not well scrutinized. We therefore aimed to elucidate the differences in patient characteristics and prognosis of MLVO and single LVO (SLVO). <b><i>Methods:</i></b> The Recovery by Endovascular Salvage for Cerebral Ultra-Acute Embolism Japan Registry 2 (RESCUE-Japan Registry 2) enrolled 2,420 consecutive patients with acute LVO who were admitted within 24 h of onset. We compared patient prognosis between MLVO and SLVO in the favorable outcome, defined as a modified Rankin Scale (mRS) score ≤2, and in mortality at 90 days by adjusting for confounders. Additionally, we stratified MLVO patients into tandem occlusion and different territories, according to the occlusion site information and also examined their characteristics. <b><i>Results:</i></b> Among the 2,399 patients registered, 124 (5.2%) had MLVO. Although there was no difference between the 2 groups in terms of hypertension as a risk factor, the mean arterial pressure on admission was significantly higher in MLVO (115 vs. 107 mm Hg, <i>p</i> = 0.004). MLVO in different territories was more likely to be cardioembolic (42.1 vs. 10.4%, <i>p</i> = 0.0002), while MLVO in tandem occlusion was more likely to be atherothrombotic (39.5 vs. 81.3%, <i>p</i> &#x3c; 0.0001). Among MLVO, tandem occlusion had a significantly longer onset-to-door time than different territories (200 vs. 95 min, <i>p</i> = 0.02); accordingly, the tissue plasminogen activator administration was significantly less in tandem occlusion (22.4 vs. 47.9%, <i>p</i> = 0.003). However, interestingly, the endovascular thrombectomy (EVT) was performed significantly more in tandem occlusion (63.2 vs. 41.7%; adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 2.3; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.1–5.0). The type of MLVO was the only and significant factor associated with EVT performance in multivariate analysis. The favorable outcomes were obtained less in MLVO than in SLVO (28.2 vs. 37.1%; aOR, 0.48; 95% CI, 0.30–0.76). The mortality rate was not significantly different between MLVO and SLVO (8.9 vs. 11.1%, <i>p</i> = 0.42). <b><i>Discussion/Conclusion:</i></b> The prognosis of MLVO was significantly worse than that of SLVO. In different territories, we might be able to consider more aggressive EVT interventions.

scholarly journals Long-Term Effect of Endoscopic Sympathetic Nerve Reconstruction for Side Effects after Endoscopic Sympathectomy

2016 ◽  
Vol 65 (06) ◽  
pp. 484-490 ◽  
Author(s):  
Timo Telaranta ◽  
Tuomo Rantanen
Keyword(s):  
Side Effects ◽  
Sympathetic Nerve ◽  
Nerve Reconstruction ◽  
Endoscopic Thoracic Sympathectomy ◽  
Thoracic Sympathectomy ◽  
Long Term Effect ◽  
Primary Hyperhidrosis ◽  
The Mean

Background Endoscopic thoracic sympathectomy (ETS) is an effective treatment for primary hyperhidrosis. However, compensatory sweating (CS) may occur in many patients. Sympathetic nerve reconstruction (SNR) can be used to counteract severe CS, but the studies on the effects of SNR are few. Patients and Methods Nineteen out of 150 SNR patients were contacted by employing a long-term questionnaire. In this questionnaire, different kinds of sweating were evaluated using a four-graded symptom analysis and the visual analog scale before ETS, after ETS, and after SNR. Results The mean age of the 16 male and 3 female patients at the SNR was 32 years. The mean follow-up was 87 months. According to the long-term questionnaire, the benefit was either excellent (4 patients, 21%), good (3 patients, 15.8%), or reasonable (7 patients, 36.8%) in 14 patients (73.8%), while the benefit was questionable in 1 patient (5.3%). For three patients (15.8%), no benefit was found, and in one patient (5.3%), the situation had deteriorated. Conclusions Improvement in the side effects of ETS after SNR was found in nearly 75% of the patients. This indicates that SNR can be considered as an alternative treatment for patients with severe CS after ETS that is unresponsive to conservative treatment.

scholarly journals Plasmapheresis in the treatment of myasthenia gravis: retrospective study of 26 patients

2004 ◽  
Vol 62 (2b) ◽  
pp. 391-395 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rosana Carandina-Maffeis ◽  
Anamarli Nucci ◽  
José F.C. Marques Jr ◽  
Eduardo G. Roveri ◽  
Beatriz H.M. Pfeilsticker ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Retrospective Study ◽  
Side Effects ◽  
Myasthenia Gravis ◽  
Plasma Exchange ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
Motor Deficit ◽  
Myasthenic Crisis ◽  
Clinical Hospital ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Mean Time

We analyzed the experience of Unicamp Clinical Hospital with plasma exchange (PE) therapy in myasthenia gravis (MG). About 17.8 % of a totality of MG patients had PE performed: 26 cases, 19 women and seven men. The mean age-onset of MG was 28 years, extremes 11 and 69. Minimum deficit observed in the group was graded IIb (O & G) or IIIa (MGFA scale). One patient had prethymectomy PE. In seven the procedures were performed due to myasthenic crisis and in 18 patients due to severe myasthenic symptoms or exacerbation of previous motor deficit. Two patients were also submitted to chronic PE considering refractoriness to other treatments. Twenty-six patients had 44 cycles of PE and 171 sessions. The mean number of sessions was 3.9 (SD ± 1.4) each cycle; median 5, extremes 2 and 6. The mean time by session was 106,5 minutes (SD ± 35.2); median 100.5 (extremes of 55 and 215). The mean volume of plasma exchanged in each session was 2396 ml (SD ± 561); median 2225 (extremes 1512 and 4500). Side effects occurred: reversible hypotension (seven cases), mild tremor or paresthesias (seven cases). Infection and mortality rates due to PE were zero. All patients had immediate benefit of each PE cycle and usually they also received prednisone or other immunosuppressors. Good acceptance of the procedure was observed in 80.7% of patients.

scholarly journals Medical expulsive therapy for distal ureteric stones: tamsulosin versus silodosin

2014 ◽  
Vol 86 (2) ◽  
pp. 103 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vittorio Imperatore ◽  
Ferdinando Fusco ◽  
Massimiliano Creta ◽  
Sergio Di Meo ◽  
Roberto Buonopane ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Side Effects ◽  
Lower Incidence ◽  
Retrograde Ejaculation ◽  
Inclusion Criteria ◽  
Expulsion Rate ◽  
Analgesic Requirement ◽  
Medical Expulsive Therapy ◽  
Peripheral Vasodilation ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Distal Ureteric Stones

Objectives: To compare the efficacy and safety of tamsulosin and silodosin in the context of medical expulsive therapy (MET) of distal ureteric stones. Patients and methods: Observational data were collected retrospectively from patients who received silodosin (N = 50) or tamsulosin (N = 50) as MET from January 2012 to January 2013. Inclusion criteria were: patients aged ≥ 18 years with a single, unilateral, symptomatic, radiopaque ureteric stone of 10 mm or smaller in the largest dimension located between the lower border of the sacroiliac joint and the vesico-ureteric junction. Stone expulsion rate, stone expulsion time, number of pain episodes, need for analgesics use, incidence of side effects were compared. Results: Stone-expulsion rate in the silodosin and in the tamsulosin groups were 88% and 82%, respectively (p not significant). Mean expulsion times were 6.7 and 6.5 days in the silodosin and tamsulosin group, respectively (p not significant). Mean number of pain episodes were 1.6 and 1.7 in the silodosin and tamsulosin group, respectively (p not significant). The mean number of analgesic requirement was 0.84 and 0.9 for the silodosin and tamsulosin group, respectively (p not significant). Overall, incidence of side effects was similar in both groups. Patients taking silodosin experienced an higher incidence of retrograde ejaculation but a lower incidence of side effects related to peripheral vasodilation when compared to patients taking tamsulosin. Subgroup analysis demonstrated significantly lower mean expulsion times and pain episodes in patients with stones ≤ 5 mm in both groups. Conclusions: Tamsulosin and silodosin are equally effective as MET for distal ureteric stones sized 10 mm or smaller. MET with silodosin is associatd with a lower incidence of side effects related to peripheral vasodilation but an higher incidence of retrograde ejaculation when compared to tamsulosin.

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