scholarly journals Conversion of a Conventional Wheelchair into an Autonomous Personal Transportation Testbed

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Volkan Sezer ◽  
Rahman Salim Zengin ◽  
Hosein Houshyari ◽  
Murat Cenk Yilmaz
Keyword(s):  
Autonomous Driving ◽  
Research Topic ◽  
Conversion Process ◽  
Service Robotics ◽  
Computational System ◽  
Electric Wheelchair ◽  
Human Interface ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Personal Transportation ◽  
Popular Subject

Personal transportation is the act of transporting an individual by using a small, low-speed vehicle. It is a very hot research topic both in industry and academia. There are many different types of personal transportation vehicles, and wheelchairs are one of them. Autonomous driving is another very popular subject that is applicable to the personal transportation vehicles. Autonomous personal transportation vehicles are good examples of service robotics applications. In this study, conversion procedure of a conventional electric wheelchair into an autonomous personal transportation testbed and the application of some basic autonomous driving algorithms on the developed testbed are explained. In literature, there are several studies providing information on wheelchairs’ autonomy but not deep information about the conversion itself. In this paper, the conversion process is investigated in detail, under two main sections. The first part is by-wire conversion, which allows the wheelchair to be controlled via computer commands. The second part includes the studies on sensors, computational system, and human interface. After making such modifications on wheelchair, fundamental algorithms required for autonomy, such as mapping and localization, are implemented successfully. The results are promising for the usage of the developed system as a testbed for examining new autonomous algorithms and evaluating the performance of the perceptional/computational components.

التفسير الموضوعي للقرآن الكريم: مجالاته ومنهجية البحث فيه (Thematic Interpretation of the Qur’Én: Its Scopes & Methodology), (TafsÊr MauÌË‘Ê: Aspek-aspek dan Metodologi Kajian)

2010 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 51
Author(s):  
فتحي بن جمعة أحمد
Keyword(s):  
Key Words ◽  
Case Studies ◽  
Research Methodology ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Systematic Investigation ◽  
Research Topic ◽  
Research Projects ◽  
Thematic Unity ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Significant Area

ملخص البحث تعدّ هذه المحاولة في دراسة مجالات التفسير الموضوعي ومنهجية البحث فيه  مفتاحا لبعض القضايا المتعلقة بالموضوع، ومدخلا لدراسة التفسير الموضوعي يسهل على طلاب العلم والباحثين فهم كلام الله، وتدبر معانيه، والاهتداء به، والقيام ببحوث تطبيقية في مجالات التفسير الموضوعي. فقد بينت أن مجالات البحث في التفسير الموضوعي أربعة وهي البحث في المصطلح، والموضوع، والمحاور، والوحدة الموضوعيّة في السورة القرآنيّة. وقد أكدت أن البحث في محاور القرآن الكريم من مجالات البحث في التفسير الموضوعي التي لم تحظَ باهتمام الباحثين، ثم توسعت في سوق الأدلة والبراهين الدالة على أن الوحدة الموضوعية للسورة القرآنيّة مجال أساس من مجالات البحث في التفسير الموضوعي الذي لا ينبغي إغفاله، وإهمال شأنه. ثم بحثت في موضوع منهجيّة البحث في التفسير الموضوعي، ونظراً للخلط أوالاضطراب الذي بدا لدى بعض الباحثين في هذا الصدد، وضحت المقدمات المنهجيّة العامة الضرورية للبحث في التفسير الموضوعي ثم حاولت رسم الإطار التصوري والمنهجي العام والضوابط الأساسية التي يجب أن يتبعها الباحث إذا أراد الكتابة في التفسير الموضوعي. ثم بيّنت الخطوات الأساسيّة للبحث في التفسير الموضوعي ومنها حرية الباحث في اختيار موضوع بحثه والاطلاع على أكبر عدد ممكن من التفاسير بمختلف أنواعها مع الاستفادة من التراث البشري في حقول المعرفة المتنوعة على أن تكون الهيمنة للقرآن أولا وأخيرا على الكتب الأخرى والنظريات البشرية. الكلمات الرئيسة: القرآن، تفسير، موضوعي، مجالات، منهج. Abstract This article is an attempt to address the issue of the scopes and research methodology in the thematic commentary of the Holy Qur’Én. It could be considered as an introductory work for students and researchers who are interested in this field of research which will help them develop a good understanding of the meanings and teachings of the Qur’Én and its application to the real life. It may also help them undertake case studies and research in the field of thematic commentary of the Qur’Én. It has been explained in the article that the scope of the thematic commentary of the Qur’Én includes four areas; i.e. the concept, the topic, the central themes and the thematic unity of the SËrah/Chapter. The article gives a special emphasis on the study of the Qur’Énic central themes as it was overlooked by some researchers. It also provides a systematic investigation on the thematic unity of the SËrah/Chapter and considers it a significant area of research in the thematic commentary of the Qur’Én. The article also addresses the issue of the research methodology in the field of the thematic commentary of the Qur’Én. In this regard, the author highlights the principles, conditions and framework for undertaking research projects in this field of study and explains the major steps that should be followed in the execution of the research. These steps include freedom of choosing the research topic, freedom of benefitting from different types of tafsÊr (interpretation of the Qur’Én) works and schools and benefitting from the human heritage in different fields of knowledge, provided that the Qur’Én should have controlling power on other books and human theories.   Key Words: The Qur’Én, TafsÊr, Thematic, Scopes, Methodology. Abstrak Artikel ini ialah satu percubaan menangani isu  skop dan metodologi penyelidikan dalam tafsiran Al-Qur’Én Holy mengikut tema. Ia boleh dianggap sebagai satu kajian permulaan untuk pelajar-pelajar dan sarjana-sarjana yang meminati bidang ini penyelidikan yang akan membantu mereka merangka satu pemahaman yang baik tentang makna-makna dan ajaran-ajaran Qur’Én dan perlaksanaannya dalam kehidupan sebenar. Ia mungkin juga  dapat membantu mereka menjalankan kajian kes dalam bidang penyelidikan tafsiran Al-Qur’Én mengikut tema. Artikel ini akan menjelaskan  skop tafsiran Al-Qur’Én mengikut  tema ini merangkumi empat bidang:  konsep tafsiran mengikut tema, topiknya, tema-tema kecil dan tema umum Surah Al-Qur’Én. Artikel ini memberi satu penekanan khas pada kajian tafsiran Al-Qur’Én mengikut  tema kerana ia agak kurang mendapat perhatian beberapa penyelidik. Ia juga menampilkan satu kajian sistematik pada pemahaman tema Surah dalam Al-Qur’Én dan menganggapnya satu bidang penyelidikan penting dalam kajian tafsiran Al-Qur’Én mengikut tema. Artikel juga memberikan perhatian kepada bidang metodologi penyelidikan terhadap usaha tafsiran Al-Qur’Én secara bertema. Dalam hal ini, pengkaji akan menonjolkan prinsip-prinsip, syarat-syarat dan rangka kerja untuk projek-projek projek penyelidikan dalam lapangan ini dan menerangkan langkah-langkah utama yang harus diikuti dalam pelaksanaan penyelidikan yang berkenaan. Lang-langkah ini termasuk kebebasan memilih tajuk penyelidikan, kebebasan dalam mengambil  manfaat daripada jenis-jenis tafsiran Qur’Én yang berbeza serta sekolah-sekolah pemikiran yang berbeza dalam aliran tafsir serta rangka bagaimana memanfaatkan warisan tamadun manusia berlandaskan ajaran Al-Qur’Én. Kata Kunci: Al-Qur’Én, TafsÊr, Tema, Bidang-bidang, Metodologi.

The Impact of Mental States on Semi-autonomous Driving Takeover Performance: A Systematic Review

2020 ◽  
Vol 64 (1) ◽  
pp. 1372-1376
Author(s):  
Gaojian Huang ◽  
Christine Petersen ◽  
Brandon J. Pitts
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Autonomous Vehicles ◽  
Response Times ◽  
Autonomous Driving ◽  
Mental States ◽  
Manual Control ◽  
Monitoring Systems ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Different Types ◽  
The Impact

Semi-autonomous vehicles still require drivers to occasionally resume manual control. However, drivers of these vehicles may have different mental states. For example, drivers may be engaged in non-driving related tasks or may exhibit mind wandering behavior. Also, monitoring monotonous driving environments can result in passive fatigue. Given the potential for different types of mental states to negatively affect takeover performance, it will be critical to highlight how mental states affect semi-autonomous takeover. A systematic review was conducted to synthesize the literature on mental states (such as distraction, fatigue, emotion) and takeover performance. This review focuses specifically on five fatigue studies. Overall, studies were too few to observe consistent findings, but some suggest that response times to takeover alerts and post-takeover performance may be affected by fatigue. Ultimately, this review may help researchers improve and develop real-time mental states monitoring systems for a wide range of application domains.

Minimalism in Morphological Theories

2018 ◽  
pp. 165-186
Author(s):  
Antonio Fábregas
Keyword(s):  
Research Program ◽  
Minimalist Program ◽  
Morphological Properties ◽  
Interface Properties ◽  
Substantial Influence ◽  
Computational System ◽  
Different Types

This chapter reviews the main theories and proposals that in current debates have received a substantial influence from the so-called Minimalist Program (Chomsky 1995). This research program has been reflected in different types of morphological theories through three main properties: (i) a change in focus from the internal rules of combination of heads to the interface properties of morphological structures and the influence that third factor considerations have on them; (ii) a trend to derive, rather than to postulate as a lexical property, as many properties of morphological objects as possible, and (iii) a trend to remove from the computational system some classical morphological properties, such as agreement, in order to associate them to the externalization component of grammar.

scholarly journals Effect of Nano-Sized Energetic Materials (nEMs) on the Performance of Solid Propellants: A Review

Nanomaterials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 133
Author(s):  
Weiqiang Pang ◽  
Chongqing Deng ◽  
Huan Li ◽  
Luigi T. DeLuca ◽  
Dihua Ouyang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energetic Materials ◽  
Research Topic ◽  
Impact Sensitivity ◽  
Solid Propellants ◽  
Rocket Nozzle ◽  
Nano Scale ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Solid Rocket ◽  
Friction Sensitivity ◽  
The Impact

As a hot research topic, nano-scale energetic materials have recently attracted much attention in the fields of propellants and explosives. The preparation of different types of nano-sized energetic materials were carried out, and the effects of nano-sized energetic materials (nEMs) on the properties of solid propellants and explosives were investigated and compared with those of micro-sized ones, placing emphasis on the investigation of the hazardous properties, which could be useable for solid rocket nozzle motor applications. It was found that the nano-sized energetic materials can decrease the impact sensitivity and friction sensitivity of solid propellants and explosives compared with the corresponding micro-sized ones, and the mechanical sensitivities are lower than that of micro-sized particles formulation. Seventy-nine references were enclosed.

scholarly journals What Are The Problems For Students In Writing The First Research Paper In A Second Language?

IJOHMN ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (5) ◽  
pp. 42-57
Author(s):  
Muhammad Javed
Keyword(s):  
Second Language ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
Academic Work ◽  
Research Paper ◽  
Research Topic ◽  
Research Papers ◽  
Language Problem ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Different Types

In this paper, I have mentioned the problems faced by students in writing the first research paper and solution of these problems. There are a lot of students who have the ability to write the research paper, but due to the lack of guidance and not familiar with the format and the process of writing a research paper, they are unable to write this type of academic work. So I have mentioned in this study the different types of problems and their solution. In this paper, I deal with lots of problems but major problems are eight. The first thing I deal in this study is the problem in selecting the research topic, what type of topic can be selected at the student level? And how can choose a topic? Secondly, how to write the introduction? And problems in writing the introduction. Thirdly, problems in writing the literature review and rules of writing the literature review, fourthly the format of a research paper. Second language problem which is a major problem in writing a research paper; students are much worried to face this problem. The fifty percent students of second language having problems in writing the research papers. I have mentioned the problem of plagiarism, paraphrase and the starting point of a research paper. I have collected the data from universities. I have organized two tests in order to collect the data. This study will be very helpful for the beginner researchers.

Implicit Emotional Message Representation With 1/F-Fluctuation for Ambient Interface Application

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Teruaki Ito
Keyword(s):  
Emotional Expression ◽  
Light Illumination ◽  
Remote Communication ◽  
Implicit Representation ◽  
Face To Face ◽  
Human Interface ◽  
Ambient Lighting ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Fluctuation Pattern ◽  
Do So

For remote communication, it is very hard to convey emotional message, or atmosphere of conversation to the opponent people who are located in a geographically difference place. For Email messages, emoticon, or face mark symbols are often used to express emotion, which works well to show emotion in an explicit way. Even though, the opponent face is show on the screen in remote video communication, emotional expression over the network is not similar to face-to-face meeting. In a face-to-face meeting, atmosphere of the conversation is shared in an implicit manner as opposed to the explicit explanation using words, sign, or pictures. This research proposes an idea of implicit representation of emotional messages using light illumination [Lin, T.I. 2004; Vandewalle, G. 2010] with 1/f-fluctuation. It is reported that the 1/f-fluctuation makes a relaxed mental state. Therefore, ambient lighting with 1/f-fluctuation could provide a comfortable (and/or uncomfortable) atmosphere. In addition to this, this study aims to present emotional message in the illumination. In order to do so, four different types of 1/f-fluctuation pattern were created to represent four different types of typical human emotion, including joy, anger, pathos, and humor. The paper explains how the idea was implemented, using light illumination of four types of emotion based on the user experiments. According to some feasibility experiments, these four types of illumination were recognized to express each type of emotion. Applying emotional message representation with 1/f-fluctuation in the illumination of video conference speaker, implicit emotional message was presented during the conversation. Then the paper discusses the feasibility of the idea for ambient human interface.

scholarly journals Wheelchair control by head motion

2013 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 135-151 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aleksandar Pajkanovic ◽  
Branko Dokic
Keyword(s):  
Medical Devices ◽  
The Body ◽  
Head Motion ◽  
Accelerometer Data ◽  
Body Parts ◽  
Motion Recognition ◽  
Electric Wheelchair ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Recognition Technique ◽  
Wheelchair Control

Electric wheelchairs are designed to aid paraplegics. Unfortunately, these can not be used by persons with higher degree of impairment, such as quadriplegics, i.e. persons that, due to age or illness, can not move any of the body parts, except of the head. Medical devices designed to help them are very complicated, rare and expensive. In this paper a microcontroller system that enables standard electric wheelchair control by head motion is presented. The system comprises electronic and mechanic components. A novel head motion recognition technique based on accelerometer data processing is designed. The wheelchair joystick is controlled by the system?s mechanical actuator. The system can be used with several different types of standard electric wheelchairs. It is tested and verified through an experiment performed within this paper.

Modeling and Simulation of Residential Power Demand Including Transportation

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mario Maiorino ◽  
Stephanie Stockar ◽  
Marco Sorrentino ◽  
Giorgio Rizzoni
Keyword(s):  
Modeling And Simulation ◽  
Electric Power ◽  
Energy Analysis ◽  
Electric Energy ◽  
Market Penetration ◽  
Power Demand ◽  
Energy Usage ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Personal Transportation ◽  
The Impact

Personal transportation has a significant impact on the residential electric energy usage due to the interaction of alternative fueled vehicles with the electric grid. This phenomenon is projected to grow significantly, as several studies confirm that the market penetration of alternative fueled vehicles will steadily increase in the future. This paper presents a control-oriented model that predicts the daily residential power demand considering multiple energy carriers and different types of alternative fueled vehicles for personal transportation. The model has been used to perform an energy analysis on a large sample of homes with the objective of evaluating the impact of personal transportation on the residential electric power demand. Two penetration levels are considered in the study and the results are evaluated based on several metrics.

scholarly journals A Novel Vehicle Detection Framework Based on Parallel Vision

2022 ◽  
Vol 2022 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Ying Zhuo ◽  
Lan Yan ◽  
Wenbo Zheng ◽  
Yutian Zhang ◽  
Chao Gou
Keyword(s):  
Visual Information ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Vehicle Detection ◽  
Real Data ◽  
Autonomous Driving ◽  
Research Topic ◽  
Traffic Data ◽  
Detection Model ◽  
Real Traffic ◽  
Virtual Data

Autonomous driving has become a prevalent research topic in recent years, arousing the attention of many academic universities and commercial companies. As human drivers rely on visual information to discern road conditions and make driving decisions, autonomous driving calls for vision systems such as vehicle detection models. These vision models require a large amount of labeled data while collecting and annotating the real traffic data are time-consuming and costly. Therefore, we present a novel vehicle detection framework based on the parallel vision to tackle the above issue, using the specially designed virtual data to help train the vehicle detection model. We also propose a method to construct large-scale artificial scenes and generate the virtual data for the vision-based autonomous driving schemes. Experimental results verify the effectiveness of our proposed framework, demonstrating that the combination of virtual and real data has better performance for training the vehicle detection model than the only use of real data.

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