Visual-Motor Perception and Handwriting Performance of Students with Mixed Subtype Dyslexia

This studyaimed to characterize and compare the visual-motor perception and handwriting performance of students with mixed dyslexia and students with good academic performance. Twenty-six schoolchildren of both sexes participated in this study, aged 9 to 11 years and 11 months old, from fourth and fifth grades of an elementary school in municipal public schools, from an average socioeconomic level, divided into two groups: Group I (GI) composed of 13 students with a multidisciplinary diagnosis of mixed developmental dyslexia and Group II (GII) composed of 13 students with good academic performance from a municipal school and matched according to gender, education, and age to GI. All students in this study were subjected to the application of the following procedures: Developmental Test of Visual Perception III—DTVP-III, Dysgraphia Scale and writing analysis by NeuroScript MovAlyzeR 6.1 software. The results were analyzed statistically using the following tests: Mann-Whitney test, Wilcoxon signed-rank test, and Friedman test, aiming to verify intragroup and intergroup differences for the variables of interest in the DTVP-III, the Dysgraphia Scale, and the measures of handwriting speed and pressure by the MovAlyzeR software. The results were analyzed statistically at a significance level of 5% (0.050). The results showed that there were statistically significant differences between GI and GII in the parameters of the Dysgraphia Scale, floating lines, irregular spaces between words, junction points, sudden movements, and dimension irregularities. GII showed a superior performance in relation to GI in the variables analyzed with the DTVP-III in visual-motor integration, reduced motricity perception, and general visual perception. There was no statistically significant difference between GI and GII in the variables analyzed by the MovAlyzeR software. The results of this study allowed us to conclude that students with mixed dyslexia present a lower performance profile than the students with good academic performance in general visual perception, reduced motricity visual perception, and visual-motor perception skills, which may be the cause of the quality of dysgraphic writing characterized by floating lines, irregular spaces, junction points, sudden movements, and dimension irregularities.

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Perceptual-visual-motor measures, reading and properties of eye movements of students with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder

EDUCATION SCIENCES AND SOCIETY ◽

10.3280/ess1-2021oa11927 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 252-270

Author(s):

Simone Aparecida Capellini ◽

Isabela Pires Metzner ◽

Noemi Del Bianco ◽

Ilaria D’Angelo ◽

Aldo Caldarelli ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ◽

Academic Performance ◽

Eye Movements ◽

Attention Deficit ◽

Motor Deficit ◽

Reading Processes ◽

Hyperactivity Disorder ◽

Group I ◽

Visual Motor ◽

Students With Adhd

This study is aimed to compare and relate the performance of students with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) and with good academic performance in the perceptual-visual-motor and reading processes, and to verify the eye movements' pattern of students with ADHD during reading. Twenty students from primary school, both male and female, and aged between eight and twelve years old, participated in this study. They were divided into two groups: Group I (GI): composed of 20 students with an interdisciplinary diagnosis of ADHD, and Group II (GII): composed of 20 students with an equal good academic performance according to gender, age group and education with GI. All students were submitted to the Reading Processes Assessment protocol (PROLEC), Developmental Test of Visual Perception 3 (DTVP 3). PROLEC text reading test was administered to the students, also through the computer support. During this activity, the Gazepoint GP3 Eye Tracker equipment was used, which records the eye movements and analyses their properties by using the Gazepoint Analysis UX Edition Software for capturing eye movement during reading. These procedures were applied individually with students from both groups. The results were statistically analyzed, and revealed that the difficulties of students with ADHD in the reading processes could be justified by the perceptual-visual-motor deficit, and the shorter fixing time for capturing the information of each word read. This compromises the ability to identify and decode words, leading to difficulty in accessing meaning at the level of words and texts.

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Does daily wear time of Twin Block reliably predict its efficiency of class II treatment?

Journal of Orofacial Orthopedics / Fortschritte der Kieferorthopädie ◽

10.1007/s00056-021-00300-7 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Michal Sarul ◽

Marek Nahajowski ◽

Grzegorz Gawin ◽

Joanna Antoszewska-Smith

Keyword(s):

Statistical Significance ◽

Characteristic Curve ◽

Class Ii ◽

Class I ◽

Rank Test ◽

Treatment Efficiency ◽

Significance Level ◽

Twin Block ◽

Wear Time ◽

Class Ii Treatment

Abstract Purpose The objective of this study was to investigate how daily wear time (DWT) influences class II malocclusion treatment efficiency. Materials and methods The study group consisted of 55 patients (mean age 10.4 years) diagnosed with a class II/1 malocclusion. Twin block appliances, with built-in Theramon® microsensors (MC Technology, Hargelsberg, Austria) to monitor patients’ cooperation (daily wear time assessment), were used for treatment. Cephalograms were taken and the following initial and final measurements were compared: Co-Gn, Co-Go, Co-Olp, Pg-Olp, WITS, SNA, SNB, ANB, Co-Go-Me, overjet, molar and canine relationships. The Shapiro–Wilk test, Wilcoxon signed-rank test, Student’s t-test, Levene’s test, Mann–Whitney U test, Kruskal–Wallis test, χ2 test, and Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient with p < 0.05 set as the statistical significance level were used to determine the correlation of the outcomes with DWT; a ROC (receiver operating characteristic) curve was calculated to illustrate diagnostic ability of the binary classifier system. Results DWT was very highly positively correlated with change of the Pg-Olp parameter and highly with an improvement in the ANB, SNA, and SNB angles, an increase in the WITS parameter and an increase in Co-Gn distance. DWTs < 7.5 h correlated with significantly less improvement of the investigated variables. However, DWT > 7.5 h did not significantly correlate with the improvement of the overjet and most of the linear parameters in the mandible. The ROC curve and its AUC (area under curve) allowed the determination of a DWT of 7 h and 48 min to be capable of establishing a class I relationship with 83% probability. Conclusions Class II treatment efficiency was influenced by DWT; an 8 h threshold value had an 83% probability of establishing a class I relationship.

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Influence of Smoking Habits on the Prevalence of Dental Caries: A Register-Based Cohort Study

European Journal of Dentistry ◽

10.1055/s-0041-1729458 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Miguel A. de Araújo Nobre ◽

Ana M. Sezinando ◽

Inês C. Fernandes ◽

Andreia C. Araújo

Keyword(s):

Dental Caries ◽

Proportional Hazards ◽

Smoking Habit ◽

Cox Proportional Hazards ◽

Radiographic Examination ◽

Rank Test ◽

Significance Level ◽

Cumulative Survival ◽

Caries Lesions

Abstract Objective The study aimed to evaluate the influence of smoking habit on the prevalence of dental caries lesions in a follow-up study. Materials and Methods A total of 3,675 patients (2,186 females and 1,489 males) with an average age of 51.4 years were included. Outcome measures were the incidence of dental caries defined as incipient noncavitated, microcavitated, or cavitated lesions which had been diagnosed through clinical observation with mouth mirror and probe examination evaluating change of texture, translucency, and color; radiographic examination through bitewing radiographs; or secondary caries through placement of a new restoration during the follow-up of the study. Statistical Analysis Cumulative survival (time elapsed with absence of dental caries) was estimated through the Kaplan–Meier product limit estimator with comparison of survival curves (log-rank test). A multivariable Cox proportional hazards regression model was used to evaluate the effect of smoking on the incidence of dental caries lesions when controlled to age, gender, systemic status, frequency of dental hygiene appointments, and socioeconomic status. The significance level was set at 5%. Results Eight hundred sixty-three patients developed caries (23.5% incidence rate). The cumulative survival estimation was 81.8% and 48% survival rate for nonsmokers and smokers, respectively (p < 0.001), with an average of 13.5 months between the healthy and diseased state diagnosis. Smokers registered a hazard ratio for dental caries lesions of 1.32 (p = 0.001) when controlled for the other variables of interest. Conclusion Within the limitations of this study, it was concluded that smoking habit might be a predictor for dental caries.

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Effect of commercially available and experimental potassium oxalate-based dentin desensitizing agents in dentin permeability: influence of time and filtration system

Brazilian Dental Journal ◽

10.1590/s0103-64402006000400007 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 17 (4) ◽

pp. 300-305 ◽

Cited By ~ 23

Author(s):

Sérgio Lima Santiago ◽

José Carlos Pereira ◽

Ana Christina Bonato Figueiredo Martineli

Keyword(s):

Hydraulic Conductance ◽

Potassium Oxalate ◽

Group V ◽

Significance Level ◽

Group Iii ◽

Dentin Permeability ◽

Group I ◽

Filtration System ◽

Desensitizing Agents

This study evaluated the influence of time after application of oxalate solutions in reducing dentin hydraulic conductance. Fifty dentin discs were obtained from extracted human third molars and assigned to 5 groups (n=10), according to the desensitizing agent used: Group I: OxaGel; Group II: experimental agent DD-1: Group III: experimental agent DD-2. In Groups IV and V, a placebo gel and deionized water were used as control, respectively. The agents were applied for 3 min, washed out and the hydraulic conductance was measured immediately and at 5-, 15- and 30-min intervals, and after acid etching. Data were analyzed statistically by two-way ANOVA and Duncan's test at 5% significance level. Groups I, II and III did not differ significantly from each other in any of the time intervals (p>0.05). Likewise, Groups IV and V were statistically similar to each other (p>0.05). The active agents reduced significantly dentin permeability in comparison to control groups (p<0.05). Dentin permeability measured in vitro decreased significantly with time regardless of the agent applied (either active or control agents). The results of Group V, in which no dentin desensitizing agent was employed, indicates that the assessment of dentin permeability by this method must be interpreted with caution.

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VISUAL-MOTOR PERCEPTION IN MENTALLY RETARDED AND IN DEAF-MUTE CHILDREN

Applied Psychology ◽

10.1111/j.1464-0597.1968.tb00653.x ◽

1968 ◽

Vol 17 (2) ◽

pp. 123-125

Author(s):

G. BALDINI DEVOTO ◽

E. CERRETELLIS

Keyword(s):

Mentally Retarded ◽

Visual Motor ◽

Motor Perception

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Efficacy of a perceptual and visual-motor skill intervention program for students with dyslexia

CoDAS ◽

10.1590/2317-1782/20152014013 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 27 (2) ◽

pp. 128-134 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Natália Fusco ◽

Giseli Donadon Germano ◽

Simone Aparecida Capellini

Keyword(s):

Developmental Dyslexia ◽

Motor Skill ◽

Intervention Program ◽

Perceptual Skills ◽

Positive Effects ◽

Visual Spatial ◽

Group I ◽

Visual Motor ◽

Motor Skill Intervention

Purpose: To verify the efficacy of a perceptual and visual-motor skill intervention program for students with dyslexia. Methods: The participants were 20 students from third to fifth grade of a public elementary school in Marília, São Paulo, aged from 8 years to 11 years and 11 months, distributed into the following groups: Group I (GI; 10 students with developmental dyslexia) and Group II (GII; 10 students with good academic performance). A perceptual and visual-motor intervention program was applied, which comprised exercises for visual-motor coordination, visual discrimination, visual memory, visual-spatial relationship, shape constancy, sequential memory, visual figure-ground coordination, and visual closure. In pre- and post-testing situations, both groups were submitted to the Test of Visual-Perceptual Skills (TVPS-3), and the quality of handwriting was analyzed using the Dysgraphia Scale. Results: The analyzed statistical results showed that both groups of students had dysgraphia in pretesting situation. In visual perceptual skills, GI presented a lower performance compared to GII, as well as in the quality of writing. After undergoing the intervention program, GI increased the average of correct answers in TVPS-3 and improved the quality of handwriting. Conclusion: The developed intervention program proved appropriate for being applied to students with dyslexia, and showed positive effects because it provided improved visual perception skills and quality of writing for students with developmental dyslexia.

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PENGARUH LAMAZE EXERCISE TERHADAP SKALA NYERI MENSTRUASI (DYSMENORRHOEA) PADA REMAJA PUTRI DI SMA BUDI MULIA JAKARTA

KOSALA : Jurnal Ilmu Kesehatan ◽

10.37831/jik.v5i1.118 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 5 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Veronica Yeni Rahmawati

Keyword(s):

Rating Scale ◽

Numeric Rating Scale ◽

Rank Test ◽

Menstrual Pain ◽

Significance Level ◽

Signed Rank ◽

Wide Range ◽

Post Test ◽

Signed Rank Test ◽

Pharmacological Method

Menstrual pain present as cramps (ranging from mild to severe), which may disturb dailyactivities. Lamaze exercise is non pharmacological method which use breathingrelaxation. This research was to analyze Lamaze exercise to reduction of menstrual pain.This study used pra experimental pre post test design. The population was the studentswith menstrual pain at Budi Mulia Senior High School Jakarta. The sampling techniquewas purposive sampling. Thirty one students participated in this study. The independentvariable was Lamaze exercise and the dependent variable was menstrual pain.Instrument which used to measure pain was Visual Analog Numeric Rating Scale. Datawere analyzed with Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test with significance α ≤ 0.005. The resultshowed that Lamaze exercise decreasd menstrual pain. The result of statistical testshowed significance level p = 0.000 and the deviation between pre and post mean is2.32, which means that there was decreasing menstrual pain in student in pre test andpost test. It can be concluded that Lamaze exercise can influence menstrual pain indecrease respondent of the research. Lamaze exercise can provide a relaxing effect.Further experiment with different respondent characteristic to obtain more wide range ofresult.Keywords: menstrual pain, Lamaze, relaxing effect, non pharmacological method

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FLUORIDE ABSORBED ON EXTRACTED TEETH AFTER IMMERSING IN FLUORIDE TABLET, FLUOCOL SOLUTION AND FLUORIDE DENTRIFICE (IN VITRO TEST)

ODONTO Dental Journal ◽

10.30659/odj.3.1.42-47 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 3 (1) ◽

pp. 42

Author(s):

Diyah Fatmasari ◽

Lanny Sunarjo

Keyword(s):

Research Result ◽

Fluoride Concentration ◽

Group Iv ◽

In Vitro Test ◽

Significance Level ◽

Group Iii ◽

Group I ◽

Before And After ◽

Vitro Test

Background: The role of fluoride in preventing tooth decay both for children and adult has been acknowledged internationally. There are several types of fluoride modalities either topically or systemic way. In Indonesia the modalities used to apply are fluoride tablet, fluocol solution and fluoride containing toothpaste. The purpose of this research is to find the effectiveness of fluoride modalities.Method: The study design was quasy experimental with 40 extracted teeth (Premolar teeth). The teeth divided into four groups D group I soaked on tablet fluor, Group II ; soaked on fluocol solution, Group III soaked on fluoride tooth paste and group IV soaked on Mill J (Aquadest/ Control solution). Fluoride concentration before and after soaking was determined using Spectrophotometer UV-Vis. Fluoride absorption was determined by the reduction of fluoride concentration after soaking.Result: Research result shown that the highest fluoride absorption was on soaking in fluoride tablet, followed by soaking on fluocol and tooth paste (mean fluoride absorption was 0,32; 0,08 and 0,04 ppm). Anova test shown significance level was 0,000.Conclusion: there were a significance of fluoride absorption on soaking in tablet fluoride, fluocol solution and toothpaste. The mechanism of fluoride regimens shown different fluoride absorption.

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Expression of Salivary miRNA-31 in Oral Submucous Fibrosis

Journal of Advances in Medicine and Medical Research ◽

10.9734/jammr/2021/v33i2331195 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 137-144

Author(s):

Saba Khan ◽

Saima Akram Butt ◽

Sobia Hassan ◽

Rizma Khan

Keyword(s):

Early Stage ◽

Oral Submucous Fibrosis ◽

Significant Negative Correlation ◽

Fold Change ◽

Rank Test ◽

Control Group ◽

Clinical Parameters ◽

Expression Levels ◽

Group I ◽

Submucous Fibrosis

Objective: The present study aimed to evaluate the salivary miRNA31 expression in controls and cases and associate miRNA31 levels with clinical parameters of oral submucous fibrosis. Methods: This case control study was conducted in a hospital setup. A total of 50 individuals participated in the study with 25 subjects in group I (healthy individuals) and 25 subjects in group II 25 diagnosed cases of (oral submucous fibrosis). The sample size was calculated with open Epi version 3.01. A detailed assessment of clinical parameters of oral submucous fibrosis was made. Unstimulated saliva samples were collected from all study subjects meeting the inclusion criteria and analysis of saliva samples was done by qRTPCR. Results: The results showed high expression levels of miRNA31 in oral submucous fibrosis as compared to the control group. The study demonstrated significantly higher median fold change of miRNA-31 expression level in OSMF patients as compared to the participants in the control group. Correlation between age of patients and miRNA31 fold change was discerned using the Spearman rank test that demonstrated a non-significant negative correlation. Conclusion: Increased expression levels of miRNA 31 among oral submucous fibrosis as compared to the control group make it a promising salivary biomarker that detects oral submucous fibrosis at an early stage of the disease.

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THE EFFECT OF CO-OP APPROACH IN IMPROVING VISUAL MOTOR INTEGRATION SKILLS IN CHILDREN WITH LEARNING DISABILITY

International Journal of Advanced Research ◽

10.21474/ijar01/13320 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 (08) ◽

pp. 716-722

Author(s):

Sheetal S. Gupta ◽

◽

Pritam V. Mehta ◽

Keyword(s):

Visual Perception ◽

Learning Disability ◽

Motor Coordination ◽

Autism Spectrum ◽

Global Strategy ◽

P Value ◽

Occupational Performance ◽

Visual Motor Integration ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Visual Motor

The importance of visual perception, motor coordination and visual motor integration (VMI) skills for school achievements has been shown in various studies. Cognitive orientation to daily occupational performance or CO-OP is an evidence-based approach that has been effective in children with developmental coordination disorder and autism spectrum. The present study evaluated the effect of CO-OP approach in improving VMI skills in children with learning disability. Sample of 58 children were included in the study. National Centre for Learning Disabilities (NCLD) Checklist was used as a screen tool and pre and post intervention Beery VMI and Canadian Occupational Performance Measures (COPM) was used as outcome measures.Occupational therapy program using CO-OP approach, based on each childs individualized goals. children were thought global strategy of GO-PLAN-DO-CHECK the sessions were conducted for 12 weeks one hour a day three times a week. After 12 weeks post assessment was done using t test. There significant difference in pre and post CO-OP intervention. p-value was found to be less than 0.0001 for VMI, COPM performance and satisfaction whereas, there was significant difference in motor coordination and visual perception component of Beery VMI. The result shows that CO-OP approach is effective in improving visual motor integration skills of children with learning disability.

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