scholarly journals Comparative Analysis of Bioethanol Production from Different Potential Biomass Sources in the Philippines

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kristel M. Gatdula ◽  
Rex B. Demafelis ◽  
Butch G. Bataller
Keyword(s):  
Sweet Sorghum ◽  
Production Cost ◽  
First Generation ◽  
Capacity Utilization ◽  
The Philippines ◽  
Department Of Energy ◽  
Production Volume ◽  
Third Generation ◽  
Bioethanol Production ◽  
Potential Yield

To pursue the continuous implementation of the bioethanol blending mandate by the Philippine Biofuels Law, part of the roadmap of the National Biofuels Board (NBB) through the Department of Energy (DOE) is to find a sustainable feedstock. This is due to the deficit in locally produced bioethanol as there is an insufficient supply of currently used feedstock, sugarcane. There are several biomasses available in the country with components viable for ethanol fermentation. Aside from sugarcane, these include sweet sorghum and cassava (first-generation), rice straw and corn stover (second-generation), and macroalgae (third-generation). Among which, sweet sorghum can be considered as the best complementary feedstock to sugarcane as its syrup can be directly fermented to produce bioethanol. Considering its maximum bioethanol potential yield of 100 L/ton for two croppings annually, a comparably low production cost of PhP 36.00/L bioethanol was estimated, competitive enough with the PhP33.43/L bioethanol from sugarcane. Aside from finding a promising feedstock, the bioethanol production volume in the country must be increased to meet the demand through either working on the optimum processing conditions to increase the capacity utilization from the current 77.9% or through installation of additional distilleries.

A comparison of sweet sorghum and maize as first-generation bioethanol feedstocks in Greece

2014 ◽  
Vol 153 (5) ◽  
pp. 853-861
Author(s):  
C. E. VLACHOS ◽  
N. A. MARIOLIS ◽  
G. N. SKARACIS
Keyword(s):  
Sweet Sorghum ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
First Generation ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Bioethanol Production ◽  
Material Source ◽  
Key Factor ◽  
Crop Sustainability ◽  
The Eu ◽  
Ghg Savings

SUMMARYAccording to the EU 28/2009 directive, member states are mandated to substitute 10% of fossil fuels used in transportation with biofuels by the year 2020. Bioethanol production is expected to contribute significantly towards fulfilling Greece's obligations. First-generation bioethanol, produced from amylaceous and sugar crops, is the most important biofuel globally. Maize (Zea mays L.) is the main feedstock for production worldwide, while sweet sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L. Moench), although a promising raw material source, has not yet enjoyed substantial commercial exploitation due to the high seasonality of the crop. Sustainability criteria set by the EU constitute a key factor in the characterization and future use of biofuels. A 3-year study including 20 maize and 4 sweet sorghum varieties was conducted in order to compare these two crops in terms of emitted greenhouse gases (GHG) during the cultivation phase as well as regarding emission savings by substituting bioethanol for petrol/gasoline. Both crops demonstrated promising bioethanol yields reaching 5235·7 and 6443·7 l/ha/yr for maize and sweet sorghum, respectively, and showed that they could be employed towards first-generation bioethanol production in Greece. Sweet sorghum varieties produced higher bioethanol yields per hectare coupled with lower emissions during the cultivation phase and better overall GHG savings compared to maize.

Potential of Bioethanol Production from Sweet Sorghum in the Philippines: An Income Analyses for Farmers and Distilleries

Sugar Tech ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 225-231 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rex B. Demafelis ◽  
El Jirie N. Baticados ◽  
Klarenz A. Hourani ◽  
Bernadette Tongko
Keyword(s):  
Sweet Sorghum ◽  
The Philippines ◽  
Bioethanol Production

scholarly journals Potential and prospect of various raw materials for bioethanol production in Indonesia: A review

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
S F Zahroh ◽  
K Syamsu ◽  
L Haditjaroko ◽  
I S Kartawiria
Keyword(s):  
Energy Security ◽  
First Generation ◽  
Second Generation ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Third Generation ◽  
Bioethanol Production ◽  
Renewable Materials ◽  
Renewable Sources ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Low Emission

An increased population has an impact on rising fuel needs. Fuel has relied on nonrenewable sources in the last few decades and therefore, alternative renewable materials are needed to be developed. Bioethanol is one of the bioenergy sources that can replace gasoline. Bioethanol generates very low emission and uses renewable sources. The development of bioethanol has three beneficial aspects, i.e. environment, energy security, and socio-economy. Various studies have been conducted on the potential materials that can be used as raw materials for bioethanol. Raw materials for bioethanol production are divided into three categories, i.e. first generation, second generation and third generation. Analysis of the characteristics, yield, productivity, availability and economy are mostly done to get the most prospective raw materials for bioethanol production. This paper discusses various raw materials for bioethanol based on differences in characteristics, sources, yield, productivity and availability of materials in Indonesia. In addition, the advantages and disadvantages of each as prospective materials are discussed.

scholarly journals Challenges in bioethanol production: Utilization of cotton fabrics as a feedstock

2016 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 375-390 ◽  
Author(s):  
Svetlana Nikolic ◽  
Jelena Pejin ◽  
Ljiljana Mojovic
Keyword(s):  
Lignocellulosic Biomass ◽  
Fermentation Process ◽  
First Generation ◽  
Cotton Fabrics ◽  
Environmental Benefits ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Third Generation ◽  
Bioethanol Production ◽  
Renewable Fuel ◽  
Renewable Feedstocks

Bioethanol, as a clean and renewable fuel with its major environmental benefits, represents a promising biofuel today which is mostly used in combination with gasoline. It can be produced from different kinds of renewable feedstocks. Whereas the first generation of processes (saccharide-based) have been well documented and are largely applied, the second and third generation of bioethanol processes (cellulose- or algae-based) need further research and development since bioethanol yields are still too low to be economically viable. In this study, the possibilities of bioethanol production from cotton fabrics as valuable cellulosic raw material were investigated and presented. Potential lignocellulosic biomass for bioethanol production and their characteristics, especially cotton-based materials, were analyzed. Available lignocellulosic biomass, the production of textile and clothing and potential for sustainable bioethanol production in Serbia is presented. The progress possibilities are discussed in the domain of different pretreatment methods, optimization of enzymatic hydrolysis and different ethanol fermentation process modes.

Grandparents Reveal Their Secrets: A New Holocaust Narrative for the Young ‘Third Generation’ in Israel

2012 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 97-110 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yael Darr
Keyword(s):  
Young Children ◽  
First Generation ◽  
Third Generation ◽  
Master Narrative ◽  
Safe Distance ◽  
Domestic Sphere ◽  
Holocaust Memory ◽  
Very Young Children ◽  
The Holocaust ◽  
New Type

Since the 1990s, a new type of Holocaust story has been emerging in Israeli children's literature. This new narrative is directed towards very young children, from preschool to the first years of elementary school, and its official goal is to instil in them an authentic ‘first Holocaust memory’. This essay presents the literary characteristics of this new Holocaust narrative for children and its master narrative. It brings into light a new profile of both writers and readers. The writers were young children during the Holocaust, and first chose to tell their stories from the safe distance of three generations. The readers are their grand-children and their grand-children's peers, who are assigned an essential role as listeners. These generational roles – the roles of a First Generation of writers and of a Third Generation of readers – are intrinsically familial ones. As such, they mark a significant change in the profile of yet another important figure in the Israeli intergenerational Holocaust discourse, the agent of the Holocaust story for children. Due to the new literary initiatives, the task of providing young children with a ‘first Holocaust memory’ is transferred from the educational authority, where it used to reside, to the domestic sphere.

The Brown Mite, Bryobia arborea Morgan and Anderson (Acarina: Tetranychidae), on Apple in Nova Scotia.: I. Influence of Intratree Distribution on the Selection of Sampling Units. II. Differences in Habits and Seasonal Trends in Orchards With Bivoltine and Trivoltine Populations. III. Distribution of Diapause Eggs. IV. Hatching of Diapause Eggs

1965 ◽  
Vol 97 (12) ◽  
pp. 1303-1318 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. J. Herbert
Keyword(s):  
Nova Scotia ◽  
First Generation ◽  
Second Generation ◽  
Central Area ◽  
Third Generation ◽  
Apple Trees ◽  
Seasonal Trends ◽  
Sample Unit ◽  
The Third ◽  
Selection Of

AbstractIn Nova Scotia one leaf cluster with an adjoining 1 inch of twig taken from the inside of each of 10 apple trees replicated four times is an adequate sample unit to measure the density of the brown mite.The brown mite has one generation with a partial second in some orchards and one with a partial second and partial third in others. The first generation adults in the bivoltine and trivoltine populations lay summer eggs on the leaves and twigs, and diapause eggs on tin twigs. The second generation adults in the bivoltine populations lay only diapause eggs; in the trivoltine populations they lay both summer and diapause eggs. The adults of the third generation lay only diapause eggs.The brown mite is found on both the leaves and woody parts of the tree. In orchards with bivoltine populations the proportion of mites on leaves reached a peak of 80% by mid-July, but thereafter gradually decreased to 10% by the end of August. However, in orchards with trivoltine populations the proportion of mites on leaves reached a peak of 80 to 90% by mid-July, remained constant until mid-August, and thereafter decreased to approximately 40% by the end of August.The number of diapause eggs laid by adults of each generation in both the bivoltine and trivoltine populations varies widely. The eggs are deposited on the trunk as well as on the branches, with the heaviest deposition in the central area of the tree. The diapause eggs laid by adults of the first generation are the last to hatch and those laid by the third generation are the first to hatch the following spring.The factors responsible for the differences in the number of generations and in the number of diapause eggs laid are unknown.

A critical review on second- and third-generation bioethanol production using microwaved-assisted heating (MAH) pretreatment

2021 ◽  
Vol 152 ◽  
pp. 111679
Author(s):  
Jherwin B. Ocreto ◽  
Wei-Hsin Chen ◽  
Aristotle T. Ubando ◽  
Young-Kwon Park ◽  
Amit Kumar Sharma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Critical Review ◽  
Third Generation ◽  
Bioethanol Production

Design and Test of a Candidate Topping Combustor for Second Generation PFB Applications

1991 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. V. Garland ◽  
P. W. Pillsbury ◽  
T. E. Dowdy
Keyword(s):  
First Generation ◽  
Second Generation ◽  
Department Of Energy ◽  
Inlet Temperature ◽  
Coal Pyrolysis ◽  
Fluidized Bed Combustion ◽  
Lean Burn ◽  
Combined Cycles ◽  
Pressurized Fluidized Bed Combustion ◽  
Cycle Efficiency

Second Generation Pressurized Fluidized Bed Combustion Combined Cycles utilize topping combustion to raise the combustion turbine inlet temperature to the state of the art. Principally for this reason, cycle efficiency is improved over first generation PFB systems. Topping combustor design requirements differ from conventional gas turbine combustors since hot, vitiated air from the PFB is used for both cooling and combustion. In addition, the topping combustor fuel, a hot, low-heating value gas produced from coal pyrolysis, contains ammonia. This NOx-forming constituent adds to the combustor’s unique design challenges. The candidate combustor is the multi-annular swirl burner (MASB) based on the design described by J.M. Beér. This concept embodies rich-burn, quick quench, and lean-burn zones formed aerodynamically. The initial test sponsored by the Department of Energy, Morgantown, West Virginia, has been completed and the results of that test are presented.

Human Right to Environment and Its Effective Protection in Catalonia, Spain and Europe

2014 ◽  
Vol 42 (1) ◽  
pp. 121-134
Author(s):  
Alexandre Peñalver i Cabré
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
First Generation ◽  
18Th Century ◽  
Third Generation ◽  
Political Rights ◽  
Human Right ◽  
Effective Protection ◽  
Cultural Rights ◽  
Additional Layer ◽  
Civil And Political Rights

Human Right to Environment is one the most relevant Third Generation Human Rights which includes new universal needs arisen from the last third of 20th century. These new human rights add as an additional layer to the First Generation Human Rights (civil and political rights from the end of 18th century) and to the Second Generation Human Rights (economic, social and cultural rights from 19th century).

scholarly journals Evaluation of polyploid miscanthus lines usage efficiency as a feedstock for bioethanol production

2021 ◽  
Vol 29 ◽  
pp. 13-19
Author(s):  
R. Y. Blume ◽  
O.V. Melnychuk ◽  
S.P. Ozheredov ◽  
D.B. Rakhmetov ◽  
Y.B. Blume
Keyword(s):  
Sweet Sorghum ◽  
Second Generation ◽  
Ethanol Yield ◽  
Bioenergy Crops ◽  
Control Line ◽  
Bioethanol Production ◽  
Second Generation Bioethanol ◽  
Giant Miscanthus ◽  
First And Second Generation ◽  
Bioethanol Yield

Aim. Main aim of this research was the evaluation of theoretical bioethanol yield (per ha) from hexaploid giant miscanthus (Miscanthus х giganteus) and further comparison with conventional triploid form as well as with other bioethanol crops. Methods. Several mathematic functions were determined that describe yearly yield dynamics and equations, which were used in calculations of theoretical bioethanol yield. Results. The theoretical bioethanol yield was evaluated for different hexaploid miscanthus lines. The most productive in terms of ethanol yield were lines 108 and 202, from which potential bioethanol yield was found to be higher than in control line (6451 L/ha) by 10.7 % and 14.2% respectively and can reach 7144 L/ha and 7684 L/ha. Conclusions. It was determined that the most productive lines of polyploid miscanthus (lines 108 and 202) are able to compete with other plant cellulosic feedstocks for second-generation bioethanol production in Ukraine. However, these lines show bioethanol productivity than sweet sorghum, in the case when sweet sorghum is processed for obtainment of both first- and second-generation bioethanol. Keywords: bioenergy crops, biofuels, giant miscanthus, Miscanthus, polyploidy, second-generation bioethanol.

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