scholarly journals Challenges in bioethanol production: Utilization of cotton fabrics as a feedstock

2016 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 375-390 ◽  
Author(s):  
Svetlana Nikolic ◽  
Jelena Pejin ◽  
Ljiljana Mojovic
Keyword(s):  
Lignocellulosic Biomass ◽  
Fermentation Process ◽  
First Generation ◽  
Cotton Fabrics ◽  
Environmental Benefits ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Third Generation ◽  
Bioethanol Production ◽  
Renewable Fuel ◽  
Renewable Feedstocks

Bioethanol, as a clean and renewable fuel with its major environmental benefits, represents a promising biofuel today which is mostly used in combination with gasoline. It can be produced from different kinds of renewable feedstocks. Whereas the first generation of processes (saccharide-based) have been well documented and are largely applied, the second and third generation of bioethanol processes (cellulose- or algae-based) need further research and development since bioethanol yields are still too low to be economically viable. In this study, the possibilities of bioethanol production from cotton fabrics as valuable cellulosic raw material were investigated and presented. Potential lignocellulosic biomass for bioethanol production and their characteristics, especially cotton-based materials, were analyzed. Available lignocellulosic biomass, the production of textile and clothing and potential for sustainable bioethanol production in Serbia is presented. The progress possibilities are discussed in the domain of different pretreatment methods, optimization of enzymatic hydrolysis and different ethanol fermentation process modes.

A comparison of sweet sorghum and maize as first-generation bioethanol feedstocks in Greece

2014 ◽  
Vol 153 (5) ◽  
pp. 853-861
Author(s):  
C. E. VLACHOS ◽  
N. A. MARIOLIS ◽  
G. N. SKARACIS
Keyword(s):  
Sweet Sorghum ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
First Generation ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Bioethanol Production ◽  
Material Source ◽  
Key Factor ◽  
Crop Sustainability ◽  
The Eu ◽  
Ghg Savings

SUMMARYAccording to the EU 28/2009 directive, member states are mandated to substitute 10% of fossil fuels used in transportation with biofuels by the year 2020. Bioethanol production is expected to contribute significantly towards fulfilling Greece's obligations. First-generation bioethanol, produced from amylaceous and sugar crops, is the most important biofuel globally. Maize (Zea mays L.) is the main feedstock for production worldwide, while sweet sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L. Moench), although a promising raw material source, has not yet enjoyed substantial commercial exploitation due to the high seasonality of the crop. Sustainability criteria set by the EU constitute a key factor in the characterization and future use of biofuels. A 3-year study including 20 maize and 4 sweet sorghum varieties was conducted in order to compare these two crops in terms of emitted greenhouse gases (GHG) during the cultivation phase as well as regarding emission savings by substituting bioethanol for petrol/gasoline. Both crops demonstrated promising bioethanol yields reaching 5235·7 and 6443·7 l/ha/yr for maize and sweet sorghum, respectively, and showed that they could be employed towards first-generation bioethanol production in Greece. Sweet sorghum varieties produced higher bioethanol yields per hectare coupled with lower emissions during the cultivation phase and better overall GHG savings compared to maize.

scholarly journals A review on bioethanol production using lignocellulosic biomass

2021 ◽  
pp. 189-203
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Lignocellulosic Biomass ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
First Generation ◽  
Lower Cost ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Environmental Benefits ◽  
Transportation Fuels ◽  
Density Values ◽  
Lignocellulosic Fuel

Declining supplies of fossil fuels, increasing population, global industrialization, and demand for transportation fuels have triggered an increase in the demand for renewable energy sources. To address such problems most of the green research in recent years has focused on the development of bioethanol (23 MJ/L) as a substitute to conventional gasoline (34.3 MJ/L) based fuels owing to the similarity in energy density values in addition to several other advantages (American Council on renewable energy, 2010). Second-generation biofuels are derived from lignocellulosic biomass or woody crops, mostly coming from agricultural residues. Extraction of fuel from such biomass is difficult because of their recalcitrant nature (corn stover, rice straw, wheat straw, sugar cane, and sweet sorghum). Lignocellulosic fuel has the potential to solve several problems (food competing with fuel) that are currently associated with first-generation biofuels. Moreover, lignocellulosic fuels can supply a larger proportion of the global fuel leading to sustainability at a lower cost, and with greater environmental benefits (Liz Marsall, 2009). The production of ethanol from the complex sugars in leaves and stalks is a promising strategy to radically broaden the range of possible ethanol feedstock.

scholarly journals Analisis Kualitas Bioetanol Dari Kulit Pisang

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 35
Author(s):  
G M Saragih ◽  
Hadrah Hadrah ◽  
Dilla Tri Maharani
Keyword(s):  
Fermentation Process ◽  
Starch Content ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Banana Peel ◽  
Total Production ◽  
Bioethanol Production ◽  
Fermentation Time ◽  
Banana Production

Indonesia is ranked sixth in banana production with total production in 2015 of 7.299.275. the more people who like bananas, the higher the volume of banana peel waste produced. Banana peels are usually thrown away immediately and can contaminate the soil surface because banana peels contain acid so that it can have an impact on evironmental problems. The starch content of banan peels has the potential to be used as a raw material for bioethanol production with the help of the fermentation process. Therefore this research aims to determine the quality of bioethanol which is produced from several types of banana peels. The types of banana peels used are Ambon banana peel, Barangan banana peel and horn banana peel. The method used to manufacture bioethanol form the types of banana peel of ambon, barangan and horn is fermentation using yeast tape or saccharomyses cereviciae. The variables observed in this study were the variety of banana peel types, fermentation time for 6 days and 10 days, and the use of yeast as much as 5 grams. The fermentation results in the form of bioethanol were analyzed using gas chromatography, the best results from this study were obtained on the type of banana peel of Ambon for 10 days, that is 4.451% bioethanol.

scholarly journals Introducing low-quality feedstocks in bioethanol production: efficient conversion of the lignocellulose fraction of animal bedding through steam pretreatment

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Miguel Sanchis-Sebastiá ◽  
Borbála Erdei ◽  
Krisztina Kovacs ◽  
Mats Galbe ◽  
Ola Wallberg
Keyword(s):  
Residence Time ◽  
Ethanol Yield ◽  
Environmental Benefits ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Steam Pretreatment ◽  
Bioethanol Production ◽  
Ethanol Yields ◽  
Conversion Efficiencies ◽  
Animal Bedding ◽  
Simultaneous Saccharification

Abstract Background Animal bedding remains an underutilized source of raw material for bioethanol production, despite the economic and environmental benefits of its use. Further research concerning the optimization of the production process is needed, as previously tested pretreatment methods have not increased the conversion efficiency to the levels necessary for commercialization of the process. Results We propose steam pretreatment of animal bedding, consisting of a mixture of straw and cow manure, to deliver higher ethanol yields. The temperature, residence time and pH were optimized through response-surface modeling, where pretreatment was evaluated based on the ethanol yield obtained through simultaneous saccharification and fermentation of the whole pretreated slurry. The results show that the best conditions for steam pretreatment are 200 °C, for 5 min at pH 2, at which an ethanol yield of about 70% was obtained. Moreover, the model also showed that the pH had the greatest influence on the ethanol yield, followed by the temperature and then the residence time. Conclusions Based on these results, it appears that steam pretreatment could unlock the potential of animal bedding, as the same conversion efficiencies were achieved as for higher-quality feedstocks such as wheat straw.

scholarly journals Economic and Environmental Assessment of Catalytic and Thermal Pyrolysis Routes for Fuel Production from Lignocellulosic Biomass

Processes ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (12) ◽  
pp. 1612
Author(s):  
Akshay D. Patel ◽  
Masoud Zabeti ◽  
K. Seshan ◽  
Martin K. Patel
Keyword(s):  
Lignocellulosic Biomass ◽  
First Generation ◽  
Sustainability Assessment ◽  
Greenhouse Gas Emission ◽  
Environmental Benefits ◽  
World Population ◽  
Abatement Costs ◽  
Thermal Pyrolysis ◽  
Production Route ◽  
Trade Offs

Meeting the transport needs of a growing world population makes it imperative to develop renewable and sustainable routes to production of liquid fuels. With a market-driven economic structure and pressing environmental issues, it is essential that these new routes provide environmental benefits while being economically viable. Conversion of second-generation lignocellulosic biomass resources to fuels via pyrolysis represents an important technological route. In this article, we report comparative assessment of the economic and lifecycle environmental aspects for catalytic and thermal pyrolysis. The goal of this assessment is two-fold: one is to understand the potential of this conversion route via the catalytic and thermal processes and second is to provide feedback for further development of catalysts for various stages of this conversion. The complete assessment is interdisciplinary in nature and connects the laboratory experiments with contextual sustainability assessment. Three catalytic and one thermal pyrolysis processes are analyzed using this assessment approach. Subject to the model choices and data inputs, the results, which consider quality of the oil product, show that biofuels produced using catalytic and thermal routes are rather expensive compared to gasoline. But at the same time, they provide significant greenhouse gas emission savings and can lead to lower CO2 abatement costs compared to the first-generation ethanol that is used currently. With one of the product scenarios of hydrotreated (HT) oil, the abatements costs are estimated to be 51% of those associated with first-generation ethanol. Additional product scenarios with developments in catalysts show potential to further reduce abatement costs significantly to below 100 EUR per metric tonne of CO2 equivalents. Using scenario analysis, the results help us to understand specific areas for development of novel catalysts. At the same time, the results demonstrate the trade-offs associated with the variety and complexity of technical factors associated with the pyrolysis routes. The study highlights the challenges and the promises of catalytic and thermal pyrolysis for production of high-quality biofuels produced via a sustainable production route.

scholarly journals Comparative Analysis of Bioethanol Production from Different Potential Biomass Sources in the Philippines

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kristel M. Gatdula ◽  
Rex B. Demafelis ◽  
Butch G. Bataller
Keyword(s):  
Sweet Sorghum ◽  
Production Cost ◽  
First Generation ◽  
Capacity Utilization ◽  
The Philippines ◽  
Department Of Energy ◽  
Production Volume ◽  
Third Generation ◽  
Bioethanol Production ◽  
Potential Yield

To pursue the continuous implementation of the bioethanol blending mandate by the Philippine Biofuels Law, part of the roadmap of the National Biofuels Board (NBB) through the Department of Energy (DOE) is to find a sustainable feedstock. This is due to the deficit in locally produced bioethanol as there is an insufficient supply of currently used feedstock, sugarcane. There are several biomasses available in the country with components viable for ethanol fermentation. Aside from sugarcane, these include sweet sorghum and cassava (first-generation), rice straw and corn stover (second-generation), and macroalgae (third-generation). Among which, sweet sorghum can be considered as the best complementary feedstock to sugarcane as its syrup can be directly fermented to produce bioethanol. Considering its maximum bioethanol potential yield of 100 L/ton for two croppings annually, a comparably low production cost of PhP 36.00/L bioethanol was estimated, competitive enough with the PhP33.43/L bioethanol from sugarcane. Aside from finding a promising feedstock, the bioethanol production volume in the country must be increased to meet the demand through either working on the optimum processing conditions to increase the capacity utilization from the current 77.9% or through installation of additional distilleries.

scholarly journals RANCANGAN ALAT PEMBUATAN BIOETANOL DARI BAHAN BAKU KULIT DURIAN

2015 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 53-59
Author(s):  
Irvan ◽  
Bambang Trisakti ◽  
Luri Adriani ◽  
Reviana Revitasari
Keyword(s):  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Fermentation Process ◽  
Batch Process ◽  
The Other ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Production Unit ◽  
Bioethanol Production ◽  
Distillation Temperature ◽  
Yeast Concentration ◽  
Time Required

In this research, the bioethanol production unit using durian peel as raw material was designed with capacity process of 100 liters per cycle in batch process. The main equipments were designed fermenter and distillation unit. Fermenter tank was designed with 43 cm of diameter and 86 cm of height which was equipped with two manual paddle impeller of 30 cm in diameter. The other of main equipments, distillation tank was made of stainless steel with 48 cm of diameter and 54 cm of height, which was equipped with heater to heat the liquid of fermentation process and cooling tank to cool vaporised bioethanol. The time required for one cycle of fermentation with batch process was 7 days and 7 hours. While the time required for one cycle of bioethanol production with batch process was 8 days and 4 hours. The feasibility of bioethanol production unit in which consists of fermenter tank and distillation tank under condition process of 7 days and yeast concentration of 6% and distillation temperature of 80oC was tested. The results obtained were 8,98% of bioethanol concentration during fermentation and 74,96% of bioethanol concentration during distillation.

scholarly journals Making Bioethanol From Cocoa Fruit Skin Waste By Hydrolysis Process Using Trichoderma Viride Mold

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 75
Author(s):  
Tiska Oktavianis ◽  
Sofiyanita Sofiyanita
Keyword(s):  
Ethanol Fermentation ◽  
Fermentation Process ◽  
Trichoderma Viride ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Bioethanol Production ◽  
Fermentation Time ◽  
Ethanol Content ◽  
Hydrolysis Process ◽  
Fruit Skin ◽  
Fruit Waste

Cocoa fruit skin is one of the agricultural wastes can be used as raw material for bioethanol production. Because the cocoa fruit waste containing 39.45% crude fiber and 3.92% glucose. The purpose of this study was to determine the level of optimization of yeast and fermentation time to produce maximum ethanol content. In this study the hydrolysis process cocoa leather is done using fungi Trichoderma viride and fermentation process using yeast Saccharomyses cerevisiae. While for bioethanol concentration measurements performed using vinometer. The results showed that bioethanol fermentation time for 1, 3, 5 and 7 days using yeast levels 2, 4, 6 and 8 grams produce maximum ethanol fermentation at 3 days and 6 grams yeast levels. Produced a maximum ethanol content of 12%.

scholarly journals Development opportunities of biomass-based ethanol production in relation to starch- and cellulosebased bioethanol production

2013 ◽  
pp. 71-75
Author(s):  
Zoltán Balla
Keyword(s):  
Ethanol Production ◽  
Life Cycle Analysis ◽  
Liquid Fuel ◽  
First Generation ◽  
Second Generation ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Bioethanol Production ◽  
Fuel Production ◽  
Second Generation Bioethanol

The biomass is such a row material that is available in large quantities and it can be utilizied by the biotechnology in the future. Nowadays the technology which can process ligno cellulose and break down into fermentable sugars is being researched. One possible field of use of biomass is the liquid fuel production such as ethanol production. Based on the literary life cycle analysis, I compared the starch-based (first generation) to cellulose-based (second generation) bioethanol production in my study considering into account various environmental factors (land use, raw material production, energy balance). After my examination I came to the conclusion that the use of bioethanol, independent of its production technology, is favorable from environmental point of view but the application of second generation bioethanol has greater environmentally benefits.

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