scholarly journals Nitrogen Storage in Crops: Case Study of Zeins in Maize

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marija Duvnjak ◽  
Kristina Kljak ◽  
Darko Grbeša
Keyword(s):  
Nutritional Value ◽  
Food Source ◽  
Storage Proteins ◽  
Protein Bodies ◽  
Alpha Beta ◽  
Maize Grain ◽  
Growing Conditions ◽  
Insight Into

Crop grains accumulate significant amounts of nitrogen in the form of storage proteins. Grain storage proteins are not only important in the aspects of germination but also, storage proteins are a valuable food source in human and animal nutrition. This chapter will give insight into genotype and growing conditions influencing the quantity and quality of storage proteins, primarily maize storage proteins the leading cereal by world production. Main storage proteins in cereals are prolamins, and in maize prolamins are called zeins located within the endosperm in protein agglomerations called protein bodies. Four main classes of zein proteins are: alpha, beta, gamma and delta zein. Each of four zein classes has a distinctive position and role within protein bodies. Prolamin proteins define nutritional value of maize grain not only via amino acid quality but also via starch availability. Starch, the most important energy component of maize grain, is located within starch-protein matrix. Within this matrix, starch granules are surrounded by protein bodies that limit starch availability. In this chapter, we will describe how zein proteins influence characteristics of maize grain and nutritional value of maize.

scholarly journals Development and effect of a Lactobacillus plantarum inoculant on quality of maize grain silage

2020 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 239-250
Author(s):  
Snezana Djordjevic ◽  
Violeta Mandic ◽  
Nikola Djordjevic
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analysis ◽  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Nutritional Value ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
High Moisture ◽  
Acid Detergent Fibre ◽  
Maize Grain ◽  
Competitive Product

The main aim of these studies was the characterisation and identification of lactic acid (LAB) bacteria isolated from untreated silage, and the effect of selected bacteria (inoculant was called Silko for maize) on ensiling of maize high-moisture grain. Four isolates of L(L1, L2, L3 and L4) were characterised by the use of phenotypic assays and identified by phylogenetic analysis of 16S rRNA as L. plantarum. The fresh maize high-moisture grain was ensiled with a Silko for maize inoculant, inoculant available in the market (positive control) and no additive (untreated; negative control). After 60 days of ensiling, the results showed that the chemical composition and fermentation characteristics were better in treated silages with inoculants compared to the negative control. The contents of ash, fat and lactic acid (LA) were significantly higher in the silages treated with inoculants than in negative control. In comparison, the contents of cellulose, acid detergent fibre (ADF), neutral detergent fibre (NDF), NH3-N/total nitrogen and butyric acids (BA) were considerably lower in silage treated with Silko for maize compared to the positive control. The Silko for maize improve nutritional value and fermentation of maize grain silage and is a competitive product on the market.

scholarly journals Text Messaging Vs Academic Writing - A Case Study

2015 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 545-550
Author(s):  
Simona Boştină-Bratu
Keyword(s):  
Young People ◽  
Academic Writing ◽  
Text Messaging ◽  
Future Career ◽  
Controversial Topic ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Insight Into

Abstract The paper aims to bring into discussion the relationship between informal e-communication and formal writing, focusing on the use of SMS language, which is in a constant evolution, particularly among the young generations. SMS language is also a controversial topic today: some linguists and teachers are concerned that this abbreviated language, with its carefree spelling, its poor punctuation and grammar and its paucity of vocabulary is a real menace to students’ quality of writing; others, on the contrary, consider it inspiring and useful as students with a good command of texting also possess a broader facility for language. But what do students have to say about the topic? In order to gain insight into how they view the role and impact of texting on their writing, a questionnaire was distributed to a group of army cadets. The answers show that although text messaging is widely used and is an important tool of communication among young people, students consider that it has a negligible impact on their overall writing abilities and they strongly appreciate the value of writing for their future career.

Palatability and nutritional quality of marine invertebrates in a sub-Arctic fjord

2003 ◽  
Vol 83 (6) ◽  
pp. 1215-1219 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Lippert ◽  
K. Iken
Keyword(s):  
Nutritional Quality ◽  
Nutritional Value ◽  
Food Source ◽  
Marine Invertebrates ◽  
Feeding Preference ◽  
Feeding Preferences ◽  
Arctic Fjord ◽  
Avoidance Reactions

To investigate the palatability of abundant sub-Arctic sessile or sluggish invertebrates and their value as a food source, in situ experiments with natural consumer assemblages were performed in the Kongsfjord (Spitsbergen). These experiments were complemented with quantitative laboratory assays, using a generalist predatory starfish. Feeding preference and avoidance reactions were similar in both assays. Natural assemblages of predators in situ rejected nine out of ten species tested, and 12 out of 16 species were rejected in laboratory assays, indicating a high percentage of unpalatable invertebrates. Results were compared to the biochemical composition of the investigated species to see whether palatability and feeding preferences coincide with nutritional quality of the prey. Although nutritional quality, expressed as protein, lipid, nitrogen, carbon and water content, may account for some of the feeding preferences found, no overall relationship between nutritional value and palatability or feeding preferences was detected.

scholarly journals Analysis of the Diet Quality and Nutritional State of Children, Youth and Young Adults with an Intellectual Disability: A Multiple Case Study. Preliminary Polish Results

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (9) ◽  
pp. 3058
Author(s):  
Michał Skrzypek ◽  
Wojciech Koch ◽  
Karolina Goral ◽  
Klaudia Soczyńska ◽  
Olga Poźniak ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Intellectual Disability ◽  
Energy Intake ◽  
Diet Quality ◽  
Nutritional Value ◽  
Multiple Case Study ◽  
Multiple Case ◽  
Excessive Intake

(1) Background: Considering the limited amount of available data on the diet quality of children, adolescents, and young adults with an intellectual disability (ID) in Poland, as well as the higher incidence of nutritional disorders among people with ID in comparison to the general population, a study was conducted to assess the quality of diet in community-dwelling young individuals with ID. (2) Methods: A multiple-case study was carried out to obtain data on anthropometric parameters and food records over a three-day observation period for 18 subjects with ID. The nutritional value of the products and dishes consumed by the subjects was calculated using the commercial computer program Kcalmar.pro (Hermax, Poland), which contains the Polish database of the nutritional value of food products and dishes. The results presented here are those of a pilot study of a wider research project. (3) Results: The study group consisted of seven women (38.9%) and 11 men (61.1%) with an average age of 12.94 years (range 4.00–22.00) and an average BMI of 25.2 (range 14.5–35.4). The obtained results confirmed the suboptimal pattern of nutrition in children and adolescents with ID. Regarding energy intake and dietary macronutrients, only in 27.8% of cases, energy intake exceeded the Estimated Energy Requirement corresponding to age, sex, body weight, and height. Most of the respondents were characterized by correct intake of proteins, fats, and carbohydrates, and 83.3% showed excessive intake of saturated fatty acids. Excessive intake of vitamins B1, B2, and B6 was observed in all subjects, and that of vitamins B3 (niacin), B12, A, and C in the vast majority of subjects, while deficiency of vitamin D was observed in all individuals and folic acid in 22.2% of individuals. Excessive intake of minerals, such as sodium, phosphorus, and magnesium was noted among most of the respondents, while the intake of calcium and iodine was found to be insufficient. Compared to people with less severe ID (grades 1 and 2), people with grade 3 ID showed significantly lower intake/reference fulfillment of dietary components such as vitamin B6, potassium, phosphorus, iron, copper, iodine, magnesium, and zinc. No significant differences were noted in the nutritional reference fulfillment for various nutrients among the groups distinguished by sex, nutritional status, or the cause of ID. (4) Conclusion: Health supervision guidelines proposed for persons with ID should take into account the dietary practices of the families caring for them, with an emphasis on the prevention and correction of irregularities that may reduce the effectiveness of rehabilitation and deteriorate the health of the affected people. Caregivers/parents of each person with ID who took part in the study were given individualized dietary advice aimed at correcting the dietary abnormalities.

scholarly journals Quality in Software Development: a pragmatic approach using metrics

2014 ◽  
Vol 52 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Acton ◽  
Derrick Kourie ◽  
Bruce Watson
Keyword(s):  
Software Development ◽  
Software Quality ◽  
Software Projects ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Software Products ◽  
Main Disadvantage ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
Gaining Insight

As long as software has been produced, there have been efforts to strive for quality in software products. In order to understand quality in software products, researchers have built models of software quality that rely on metrics in an attempt to provide a quantitative view of software quality. The aim of these models is to provide software producers with the capability to define and evaluate metrics related to quality and use these metrics to improve the quality of the software they produce over time. The main disadvantage of these models is that they require effort and resources to define and evaluate metrics from software projects. This article briefly describes some prominent models of software quality in the literature and continues to describe a new approach to gaining insight into quality in software development projects. A case study based on this new approach is described and results from the case study are discussed.

scholarly journals Shaping food systems towards improved nutrition: a case study on Tuscan Bread Protected Designation of Origin

2017 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 533-552 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francesca Galli ◽  
Francesca Venturi ◽  
Fabio Bartolini ◽  
Oriana Gava ◽  
Angela Zinnai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Food Systems ◽  
Nutritional Value ◽  
Food System ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
System Perspective ◽  
Differentiation Strategy ◽  
Protected Designation Of Origin ◽  
The Relationship

The concern for the quality of food, its composition and contribution towards nutrition and health is widespread among public and private food system actors. The increasing interest in locally integrated supply chains leads to reconsider the configuration of the food system in relation to sustainability and health outcomes. This article focuses on the relationship between processing practices and nutritional value in the wheat-tobread sector, illustrated by a case study on the Tuscan Bread Protected Designation of Origin (PDO). By adopting a food system perspective, the case study shows how the different actors have mobilized to respond to multiple drivers of change. A mixed research method approach is adopted to illustrate the relationship between processing practices and nutritional value outcomes: practice-based indicators for each step of the chain are complemented with performance-based indicators of the chemical, physical and sensorial profile of Tuscan Bread PDO. Furthermore, the implications on food system governance of a differentiation strategy based on territorial origin and enhanced nutrition are discussed.

Occupational therapy in older people with stroke

2020 ◽  
pp. 249-268
Author(s):  
Rowena Padamsey ◽  
Avril Drummond
Keyword(s):  
Occupational Therapy ◽  
Older People ◽  
Occupational Therapists ◽  
Therapeutic Interventions ◽  
Younger Adults ◽  
Person Following ◽  
Key Aspects ◽  
Insight Into

‘Occupational therapy in older people with stroke’ examines how occupational therapists (OTs) increase people’s independence, quality of life, and satisfaction in all aspects of daily life. A fundamental philosophy of OT is to treat everyone as an individual, taking into account their personal roles, beliefs, attitudes, function, and environment. Consequently, the approaches to rehabilitation described in this chapter may be applied to both older and younger adults. A case study has been used for illustration. Key aspects of functioning affected by stroke are explored, focusing in particular on cognition and perception. The OT will work with the patient and their family to identify areas of function which are particularly important to them, and will aim to enable people to complete these activities as independently as possible. This chapter gives an insight into key fundamental therapeutic interventions with the older person following a stroke.

PROTEOMIC ANALYSIS OF RICE SEED STORAGE PROTEINS IN RELATION TO NUTRIENT QUALITY OF THREE DIFFERENT COMMERCIAL RICE TYPES

2015 ◽  
Vol 77 (24) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nur Syazila Ramli ◽  
Noor Hasniza Md. Zin
Keyword(s):  
Nutritional Value ◽  
Storage Proteins ◽  
Brown Rice ◽  
Seed Storage ◽  
Seed Storage Proteins ◽  
Nutrient Quality ◽  
White Rice ◽  
Glutinous Rice ◽  
Different Types

Seed storage proteins (SSPs) are the most important component in rice, which provides nutrient to consumers. The SSPs content and composition are among the important determinant for rice quality determination specifically for nutritional value. Multiple factors have been identified to give effect to the nutritional value of rice grain including different types of rice. The purpose of this study is to investigate the expression level of SSPs of rice and also relates the nutrient quality of rice with the variability in SSPs expression from three different types of rice commercially available in markets. The SSPs were extracted from three different types of rice; white rice, brown rice and glutinous rice of the local rice brands in markets. Bradford Assay was carried out to determine the total SSPs content and brown rice was found to have significantly higher total SSPs content (9.157± 0.4 mg/100mg seeds) compared to white rice (6.933± 0.8 mg/ 100mg seeds) and glutinous rice (5.388± 0.2 mg/ 100mg seeds). Based on the banding patterns of the SDS-PAGE, there were different level of expressions were observed between the three rice types. The different expression can be observed obviously at the glutelin precursor region and glutelin acidic subunit region and prolamin polypeptides region for each type of rice. Therefore, contribute to the different nutritional value for dietary intake.

Case study: Correction of angular deformity post-trans-tibial amputation to improve prosthesis fit and comfort

2014 ◽  
Vol 39 (2) ◽  
pp. 157-160 ◽  
Author(s):  
Beth Lineham ◽  
Paul Harwood ◽  
Peter Giannoudis
Keyword(s):  
Soft Tissues ◽  
Wedge Osteotomy ◽  
Angular Deformity ◽  
Amputation Level ◽  
Soft Tissue Problems ◽  
Surgical Options ◽  
Case Basis ◽  
Insight Into

Background:This case report describes the revision of a trans-tibial amputation complicated by a proximal malunited fracture. It demonstrates the complexity of decisions involved in revisions of this nature.Case description and methods:The patient presented has a painful stump due to breakdown of soft tissues. She had been suffering for over a year with pressure sores and inability to use a prosthesis resulting from this, decreasing her quality of life. Malunion of a tibial fracture proximal to the amputation complicated her condition.Findings and outcomes:Initially it was feared that the amputation level would be converted to a through-knee amputation, but wedge osteotomy of the tibia allowed coverage of the stump, increasing functionality for the patient, while still maintaining a below-knee stump.Conclusion:This report highlights the importance of addressing the cause of soft tissue problems in an amputation revision, which must be addressed on a case-by-case basis.Clinical relevanceThis case offers an insight into the decision-making process in limb reconstruction and suggests a solution for similar cases. It is important that all surgical options are considered before amputation length is sacrificed.

scholarly journals Substituting physicians with nurse practitioners, physician assistants or nurses in nursing homes: a realist evaluation case study

BMJ Open ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. e028169 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marleen Hermien Lovink ◽  
Miranda GH Laurant ◽  
Anneke JAH van Vught ◽  
Irma Maassen ◽  
Lisette Schoonhoven ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nursing Homes ◽  
Data Collection ◽  
Nurse Practitioners ◽  
Physician Assistants ◽  
Quality Of Healthcare ◽  
Realist Evaluation ◽  
Optimal Model ◽  
Insight Into

ObjectivesThis study aimed to gain insight into how substitution of elderly care physicians (ECPs) by nurse practitioners (NPs), physician assistants (PAs) or registered nurses (RNs) in nursing homes is modelled in different contexts and what model in what context contributes to perceived quality of healthcare. Second, this study aimed to provide insight into elements that contribute to an optimal model of substitution of ECPs by NPs, PAs or RNs.DesignA multiple-case study was conducted that draws on realist evaluation principles.SettingSeven nursing homes in the NetherlandsParticipantsThe primary participants were NPs (n=3), PAs (n=2) and RNs (n=2), working in seven different nursing homes and secondary participants were included; ECPs (n=15), medical doctors (MDs) (n=2), managing directors/managers/supervisors (n=11), nursing team members (n=33) and residents/relatives (n=78).Data collectionData collection consisted of: (1) observations of the NP/PA/RN and an ECP/MD, (2) interviews with all participants, (3) questionnaires filled out by the NP/PA/RN, ECPs/MDs and managing directors/managers and (4) collecting internal policy documents.ResultsAn optimal model of substitution of ECPs seems to be one in which the professional substitutes for the ECP largely autonomously, well-balanced collaboration occurs between the ECP and the substitute, and quality of healthcare is maintained. This model was seen in two NP cases and one PA case. Elements that enabled NPs and PAs to work according to this optimal model were among others: collaborating with the ECP based on trust; being proactive, decisive and communicative and being empowered by organisational leaders to work as an independent professional.ConclusionsCollaboration based on trust between the ECP and the NP or PA is a key element of successful substitution of ECPs. NPs, PAs and RNs in nursing homes may all be valuable in their own unique way, matching their profession, education and competences.

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