scholarly journals Cognitive Profile of Optimistic Offender Drivers Affected by Psychological Interventions for a Sustainable and Safer Driving’s Behavior

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlos Hugo Criado del Valle ◽  
Parichehr Scharifi
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Accidents ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Subjective Perception ◽  
Psychological Interventions ◽  
Assessment Instruments ◽  
Cognitive Profiles ◽  
True Nature ◽  
Perception Of Control ◽  
Car Accidents ◽  
Risky Behaviours

An empirically verified fact is that the majority of traffic accidents occur as a result of risky behaviours that drivers assume, more or less, voluntarily. Drivers are not aware of the perception of risk and the subjective perception of control that we believe we have. We have delimitated the characteristics of a group of optimistic offender drivers, which reveal, on the hand, a great lack of understanding of the true impact that external factors can have on driving and; on the other hand, they tend to overestimate their abilities and overconfident in their ability to avoid accidents. In addition, these drivers do not usually experience negative emotions when they fail. All this, together is what increases the probability of suffering an accident. The consideration of the different cognitive profiles in the perception of the risk or challenge when facing potential traffic situations may provide us with a better understanding of the true nature of offending drivers. The need to carry out experimental studies using new assessment instruments (i.e. Eye tracking, Bio-Feedback, evoked potentials, etc.) can facilitate a better understanding of the cognitive processes that explain the attitudes and behaviors of drivers; and therefore, achieve a lower rate of car accidents.

An intervention study on the effectiveness of an anti-stress-app on psychophysiological acute and chronic stress (Preprint)

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Franziska Lautenbach
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Stress ◽  
Acute Stress ◽  
Physiological Stress ◽  
Stress Test ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Trier Social Stress Test ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Subjective Perception ◽  
Face To Face ◽  
Acute And Chronic Stress

BACKGROUND Dealing with stress is of central importance. Lately, smartphone applications (apps) are deployed in stress interventions as they offer maximal flexibility for users. First results of experimental studies show that anti-stress apps effect subjective perception of stress positively (Ly et al., 2014). However, current literature lacks studies on physiological stress reactions (e.g., cortisol), although they are of special interest to health issues. OBJECTIVE Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of an anti-stress app in chronic and acute stress reduction on a physiological (cortisol) and psychological level (subjective perception of stress) in comparison to a face-to-face and a control group in a pre-post design, for the first time. METHODS Sixty-two participants took part in the pretesting procedure (drop-out of 53 %). Based on age, gender, physical activity and subjectively perceived acute stress due to the Trier Social Stress Test for groups (TSST-G; von Dawans et al., 2011) as well as based on subjectively chronic stress assessed during the pretest, participants were parallelized in three groups (anti-stress-app: n = 10, face-to-face: n = 11, control group: n = 9). RESULTS After six weeks of the cognitive-based resource-oriented intervention, participants were exposed to the TSST-G for post testing. Results did not show a change of cortisol secretion or cognitive appraisal of the acute stressor. Further, no changes were detected in the chronic physiological stress reaction. CONCLUSIONS Possible causes are discussed extensively. CLINICALTRIAL no

scholarly journals The Impact of Gamified Instruction on Students’ Learning Outcomes: Systematic Review of Experimental Studies

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 55
Author(s):  
Nevena Jaftha ◽  
Marouska Zahra-Micallef ◽  
Tatjana Chircop
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Learning Outcomes ◽  
Digital Libraries ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Intervention Design ◽  
Assessment Instruments ◽  
Learning Technology ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Replication Studies ◽  
The Impact

This systematic review critically explores the intervention design and findings of the experimental studies that were published between January 2012-December 2020 in a number of digital libraries and databases and had the effect of a gamified instruction on students’ learning outcomes in their focus, with the aim of identifying what constitutes success or the lack thereof in the given context. The found effect(s) of gamified instruction on students’ learning engagement and achievement are discussed in relation to the a) intervention design, its flaws and their potential impact on reported outcomes and b) prevalent practice in gamification research. The discussion is structured around data collection sources, sample size, and intervention duration, but also the characteristics of learning technology, learning approach, course content, type of games and game elements. This study proposes a list of categories to be included in the description of a study context so that it is possible to a) systematically organise research findings, b) filter the variety of findings via means of replication studies. c) recognise the variant effect on different sub-populations, and d) suggest the way forward when designing and implementing gamified instruction within specific conditions. Furthermore, the study highlights the necessity of approaching the topic through a mixed-method approach involving a more intensive tracking schedule with new assessment instruments and a larger number of participants that are longitudinal or at least of a longer duration in order to obtain more comprehensive findings.

scholarly journals Injury patterns among road traffic accidents: a hospital-based study in Ecuador

Bionatura ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 1704-1711
Author(s):  
Aline Siteneski ◽  
Leonardo D. Jalca Cantos ◽  
Emily P. Calderón Delgado ◽  
Ruth M. Yaguache Celi ◽  
César A. Silva Saltos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Accidents ◽  
Road Traffic ◽  
Health Centre ◽  
Road Traffic Injuries ◽  
Santa Ana ◽  
Car Accidents ◽  
Injury Occurrence ◽  
The Social ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
The City

Traffic accidents are serious public health problems, account for profound economic costs to individuals, families, and societies. The social impacts range from physiological to economic causes, which could be a serious negative effect, especially in undeveloped countries. To further elucidate this problem, the prevalence of injuries caused by traffic accidents in a Santa Ana Health Centre, Portoviejo, Ecuador, was studied. This registry-based retrospective study analyzed data on Santa Ana, from Enero 2016 to Diciembre 2019, and the medical records of patients who had been admitted were extracted and analyzed. Passengers cars, motorcycles, and bicycles involved in collisions were included, and the information collected was relating to sex, age, and type of injuries. In total, 75%±6.34 patients victims of road traffic injuries were males, and their mean age was 20 and 49 years. There was a cooperative agreement between total injury occurrence (%) and type of vehicle. Bus and car accidents had lower relation (R2 = 0.44, 078) (p = 0.063, 0.005) with total occurrence. The highest relation was found in motorbikes (R2 = 0.98 p = 2e-05), since it's the primary or most popular means of transportation in the city. The best of our knowledge is the first study to reporting data on road traffic injuries in the Province of Manabí, the third-largest province in extension in Ecuador. Additional studies with larger populations are thus necessary to construct a robust data system in undeveloped countries that can facilitate the flow of reliable information about road traffic injuries.

scholarly journals Wildlife Ungulate Rescue and Emergency Services in the Pisa Area (Tuscany, Italy): Evaluation of a 9-Years Period (2010–2018)

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Irene Pacini ◽  
Francesca Bonelli ◽  
Angela Briganti ◽  
Simonetta Citi ◽  
Stefania Perrucci ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diagnostic Imaging ◽  
Emergency Management ◽  
Clinical Data ◽  
Traffic Accidents ◽  
Biochemical Analysis ◽  
Soft Tissues ◽  
Emergency Services ◽  
Imaging Diagnosis ◽  
Traumatic Injuries ◽  
Car Accidents

Background: We analyzed the clinical data of wildlife ungulates admitted for emergency care to the Veterinary Teaching Hospital (VTH), Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pisa over a 9-years period.Methods: Clinical data of all the wildlife ungulates admitted to the VTH were recorded. Blood samples were also taken from the animals for hematological and biochemical analysis. An assessment of ecto- and endoparasites was carried out, diagnostic imaging assessment was performed, and the outcomes were recorded.Results: Data concerning clinical parameters, blood work, parasitological analysis, and diagnostic imaging diagnosis were expressed as prevalence.Conclusion: The rescue and emergency treatments were related mostly to traumas caused by car accidents, followed by other causes. The traumatic injuries were mostly severe, characterized by multiple lesions involving hard and soft tissues. In this study, traffic accidents were the main cause of wildlife rescue and emergency management. This is probably due to the increased population of ungulates over the years, along with the considerable anthropization of the Pisa area.

scholarly journals Experimental research of vehicle traction properties for reconstruction of traffic accidents

2018 ◽  
Vol 157 ◽  
pp. 05005 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marian Dudziak ◽  
Andrzej Lewandowski ◽  
Michał Śledziński
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Research ◽  
Road Safety ◽  
Traffic Accidents ◽  
Research Team ◽  
Motor Vehicle ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Cognitive Factor ◽  
Road Accidents ◽  
Full Reconstruction

In order to broaden the database of motor vehicle traction properties in unusual conditions, the research team has performed experimental studies: on wet and snow-covered surfaces. Tests of vehicles equipped with winter tyres with non-skid snow chains have been performed on snow-covered surfaces. It has been shown that on snowy surface chains affect vehicle traction properties, mostly during acceleration. They increase the rate of acceleration up to 50% compared to a vehicle with winter tyres without chains. The results of the performed research can be the basis for the full reconstruction of road accidents under these conditions. Knowledge of traction properties of cars in difficult and unusual conditions is an important cognitive factor and serves to improve road safety.

scholarly journals Epidemiological characteristics of road traffic injuries in AP Vojvodina

2009 ◽  
Vol 62 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 17-22 ◽  
Author(s):  
Predrag Djuric ◽  
Marica Miladinov-Mikov
Keyword(s):  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Traffic Accidents ◽  
Road Traffic ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Road Traffic Accidents ◽  
Population Number ◽  
Road Traffic Injuries ◽  
Car Accidents ◽  
Internal Affairs ◽  
Epidemiological Characteristics

Introduction. Traffic accidents are one of the leading epidemiological problems in developed countries as well as in developing ones. It is estimated that every day in the world 1308 person die in car accidents. Causes of traffic accidents are factors of road, vehicle and human factors, the latter one being the cause of more than 90% car accidents, isolated or linked with other factors. Material and methods .Data from the Ministry of Internal Affairs - Department in Novi Sad were collected for the period 1992 - 2001 and analyzed. All road traffic accidents were divided into those with and without injured persons. All injured were divided in three categories: slightly injured, severely injured and killed. Categorisation was done by the Ministry of Internal Affairs (police). Results. Avarage number of road traffic accidents in AP Vojvodina is 13,191, and 3502 with injured persons per year. Avarage incidence is 174 accidents per 100,000 population, and 301 injured per 100 000 population. Mortality rate is 30.6 per 100 000 population. Number of killed in road traffic accidents per 10,000 vehicles is 6.91. Discussion. During the 1992-2001 period, morbidity and mortality rates of traffic accidents in AP Vojvodina were high. Participating of bicycle drivers, car passengers and pedestrians is higher than in developed countries. Injured persons are mostly 20-29 y.o., but rates of killed persons are the same in all age groups older than 19. Men are more in danger than women. Majority of accidents happen during the early autumn months, on Fridays and Saturdays, in early evening hours. Most persons have been injured or killed in city accidents,along Subotica-Belgrade highway. Conclusion. AP Vojvodina had the highest mortality rate of road traffic injuries per ten thousand vehicles in Europe - 6.91. Effective preventive meausres are needed to decrease rates of road traffic accidents.

Characterization of car accidents in the city of Guaratinguetá, Brazil involving motorcycles

2011 ◽  
Vol 5 (5) ◽  
pp. 1112
Author(s):  
Fabíola Vieira Cunha ◽  
Tatiana Moreira de Souza Julien ◽  
Jessica Cristina Souza Santos
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Accidents ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Safety Equipment ◽  
Male Predominance ◽  
Car Accidents ◽  
Motorcycle Accidents ◽  
Car Accident ◽  
Type Of Injury ◽  
The City

ABSTRACT Objective: to characterize the victim of motorcycle traffic accidents in the city of Guaratinguetá/SP. Methodology: descriptive study with a quantitative approach, carried out with data recorded victims of motorcycle accidents in the municipality served by the Rescue Guaratinguetá/SP, from January to December 2008 and 2009, as approved by the Ethics in Research Involving Human Beings of the Faculdades Integradas Tereza d’Ávila, with the opinion 100/2009. Results: 77% were male, place most frequent: 13% Pedregulho neighborhood, greater incidence was 28% on Saturday, followed by Friday and 16% Tuesday 14%, the predominant age was 21 to 30 years, injuries were bruises most affected with 58%; 73% motorcycle drivers were followed by motorcycle passenger with 16%. The use of mandatory safety equipment (helmet) 86% the vast majority made use of it, 89% ethyl had no breath. Conclusion: there are several aspects: male predominance, more frequent on weekends. Excoriation as type of injury most affected, a higher incidence of drivers drivers, most had helmet. Minority presenting ethyl breath. Descriptors: motorcycle; car accident; characterization. RESUMO Objetivo: caracterizar os motociclistas vitima de acidentes de transito no município de Guaratinguetá/SP. Metodologia: estudo descritivo e exploratório, com abordagem quantitativa, realizado com dados registrados de vitimas de acidentes motociclísticos atendidas pelo Resgate no município de Guaratinguetá-SP, no período de janeiro a dezembro de 2008 e 2009, conforme aprovação do Comitê de Ética em Pesquisa das Faculdades Integradas Tereza d’Ávila com o parecer 100/2009. Resultados: 77% delas foram do sexo masculino; local de maior ocorrência: 13% bairro do Pedregulho; maior incidência foi no sábado com 28%, seguido de sexta-feira com 16% e terça-feira com 14%; predomínio da faixa etária foi de 21 a 30 anos, lesões mais acometidas foram escoriações com 58%; 73% foram motociclistas condutores seguido pelo motociclista passageiro com 16%; o uso de equipamento de segurança obrigatório (capacete) 86% a grande maioria fazia uso do mesmo; 89% não apresentavam hálito etílico. Conclusão: observam-se vários aspectos: predominância do sexo masculino, maior ocorrência nos finais de semana. Escoriação como tipo de lesão mais acometida, maior incidência de motoristas condutores, grande maioria apresentava uso de capacete. Minoria apresentando hálito etílico. Descritores: motociclistas; acidente de trânsito; caracterização. RESUMEN Objetivo: caracterizar la víctima de accidentes de tránsito de motocicletas en la ciudad de Guaratinguetá/SP. Metodología: estudio descriptivo con abordaje cuantitativo, realizado con las víctimas de los datos registrados de accidentes de motocicleta en el municipio fue por el rescate de Guaratinguetá-SP, de enero a diciembre de 2008 y 2009, según lo aprobado por la Ética en la Investigación los seres humanos de las Faculdades Integradas Tereza d’Ávila, con el dictamen 100/2009. Resultados: el 77% eran varones lugar, el más frecuente: 13% del barrio de Pedregulho, la mayor incidencia fue del 28% el sábado, seguido por el viernes y el 16% Martes 14%, la edad predominante fue de 21 a 30 años, las lesiones eran contusiones más afectados con un 58%; 73% de los conductores de motocicletas fueron seguidos por los pasajeros de motocicletas con un 16%; el uso de equipos de seguridad obligatorios (casco) 86% la gran mayoría hizo uso de ella, el 89% no tenía aliento etílico. Conclusión: hay varios aspectos: predominio del sexo masculino, con mayor frecuencia los fines de semana. Excoriación en el tipo de lesión más afectados, una mayor incidencia de conductores conductores, la mayoría tenía casco. Minoría presentar aliento etílico. Descriptores: moto; accidente automovilístico; la caracterización.

scholarly journals PROTOTIPE SISTEM AUTOBRAKE PADA MOBIL MENGGUNAKAN SENSOR JARAK ULTRASONIK HC-SR04 BERBASIS ARDUINO MEGA 2560

2016 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 29
Author(s):  
Ari Hidayanto ◽  
Heru Winarno
Keyword(s):  
High Speed ◽  
Human Error ◽  
Traffic Accidents ◽  
Prototype System ◽  
Disc Brake ◽  
Vehicle Speed ◽  
Security Systems ◽  
Lever System ◽  
Car Accidents ◽  
Motorized Vehicles

Ari Hidayanto, Heru Winarno  in this paper explain that The high number of traffic accidents is currently a factor in the driver's error in driving (human error). One of the accidents that often occur include car accidents. Of the several incidents that have occurred, the average accident occurred because of the driver's lack of concentration in driving his car. This resulted in the driver not being able to control the speed of the vehicle immediately when there was a sudden object in front, moreover this happened when the vehicle drove at high speed. To avoid this, when driving, it really needs a vehicle security system that also greatly affects the driver's safety. With the development of existing science and technology allows humans to make security systems in motorized vehicles. Accidents due to driver negligence can be overcome by making the braking system automatic then the vehicle speed will slow down and carry out mechanical braking (disc brake) automatically based on the minimum distance of the car with the barrier even though the driver does not pull the brake lever. Realizing this, an autobrake system (automatic braking) was designed based on the distance of the car with the barrier using the HC-SR04 ultrasonic distance sensor. When between a sensor and a barrier at a distance of <= 70 cm, the central lock actuator will go forward and press the disc brake lever. System notifications will be displayed via 20X4 LCD, LED and Buzzer. The system work will be controlled by Arduino Mega 2560. Keywords: Autobrake, Disc Brake, Ultrasonic sensor HC-SR04, Central Lock,  LCD 20x4, Arduino Mega 2560ReferencesAgus Setya Abadi, Delta. 2008. Sensor Ultrasonic Sebagai Alat Navigasi Robot Pemadam Api. Tugas Akhir PSD III Teknik Elektro (tidak diterbitkan). Semarang: Universitas Diponegoro.Bishop, Owen. 2004. Dasar-Dasar Elekrtonika. Jakarta: Penerbit Erlangga.Cahyo Saputro, Adi. 2014. Central Door Lock. Diunduh dari http://otomotifmaju.blogspot.com/2014/08/sentral-door-lock.html, pada 17 Juni 2015 pukul 21.46 WIB.Chan, Yefri. 2010. Teori Dasar Rem. Buku Panduan Teknik Mesin (tidak diterbitkan). Jakarta Timur: Universitas Darma Persada.Putu Giovani. I. 2014. Merancang Driver Motor DC. Diunduh dari http://www.geyosoft.com/2014/merancang-driver-motor-dc, pada 17 Juni 2015 pukul 08.00 WIB.Prayogo, Rudito. 2012. Pengaturan PWM dengan PLC. Tugas Mata Kuliah Teknik Otomasi (tidak diterbitkan). Malang: Universitas Brawijaya.Roghib, Rokhman, dan M. Qomarruzzaman. 2014. Introduction Arduino Training Kit. Yogyakarta: House Of Technology.Sandi. 2014. Acccumulator Atau Aki. Diunduh dari http://www.sandielektronik.com/2014/03/accumulator-atau-aki.html, pada 30 Mei 2015 pukul 16.15 WIB.Setyadi, Ary. 2010. Bahasa Indonesia Dalam Karya Ilmiah. Semarang: Fakultas Ilmu Budaya Undip.Sulistyowati, Riny. 2012. Perancangan Prototype System Kontrol Dan Monitoring Pembatas Daya Listrik Berbasis Mikrokontroler. Tugas Akhir Teknik Elektro (tidak diterbitkan). Surabaya: Institut Adhi Tama Surabaya.Tooley, Mike. 2003. Rangkainan Elektronik Prinsip dan Aplikasi Edisi Kedua. Jakarta: Penerbit Erlangga.

Traffic accidents on a single-lane road with multi-slowdown sections

2014 ◽  
Vol 25 (09) ◽  
pp. 1450036 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xingli Li ◽  
Hua Kuang ◽  
Yanhong Fan ◽  
Guoxin Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Congestion ◽  
Traffic Accidents ◽  
Underlying Mechanism ◽  
Mean Flow ◽  
Fundamental Diagram ◽  
Mean Velocity ◽  
Car Accidents ◽  
Flow Phase ◽  
Normal Speed ◽  
The Mean

In this paper, an extended cellular automaton model is proposed to simulate the complex characteristics of traffic flow and the probability of the occurrence of traffic accidents by considering the modified conditions for determining whether traffic accidents happen and the effect of multi-slowdown sections on a highway. The simulation results show that the multi-slowdown sections can lead to multiphase coexistences (i.e. free flow phase, congestion phase and saturation phase) in traffic system. The fundamental diagram shows that the number of slowdown section does not influence the mean velocity and the mean flow under the periodic boundary condition, but the existence of slowdown sections can effectively reduce the occurrence of traffic accident. In particular, it is found that the probability of car accidents to occur is the largest at the joint of the normal-speed section and slowdown section, and the underlying mechanism is analyzed. In addition, to design the appropriate limited speed and reduce the differences between the normal speed and limited speed will alleviate traffic congestion and reduce the occurrence of traffic accidents obviously.

Human factors in driving accidents: A cognitive investigation in the Gulf context

2016 ◽  
Vol 33 (S1) ◽  
pp. S137-S138
Author(s):  
Y. Alotaibi
Keyword(s):  
Human Factors ◽  
Cognitive Functioning ◽  
Traffic Accidents ◽  
Arab World ◽  
Verbal Working Memory ◽  
Human Cognition ◽  
Car Accidents ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Competing Interest ◽  
Almost All

IntroductionHuman factors have been reported as the reason behind the majority of car accidents. However, to date, no studies at least in the Arab world generally and Gulf area specifically, conducted a comprehensive examination of cognitive functioning as potential predictors of car accidents and driving violations.ObjectivesExamining the role of cognitive functions e.g., verbal working memory, attentional control as predictors of traffic accidents and driving violations.AimsExamining the predictability of individual's cognition of occurrence of driving violations and accidents.MethodsThe study was carried on a sample of hundred and thirty two participants whose age ranged between 24 and 31 years. They were classified into groups of violators and non-violators, accident free and accident involved as well. Cognitive functioning were measured using self-reports and task performance, and a series of ANOVAS as well as stepwise multiple regressions were conducted to test the research hypothesis.ResultsFindings showed significant differences between violators and non-violators and between the accident free and accident involved groups in almost all of the considered factors, except for the decision making factor. Moreover, Pearson product-moment correlations showed that there were significant negative correlations between age, driving violations, and cognitive performance and the accidents.ConclusionsHuman cognition such as executive functioning and mental planning are key factors for predicting driving behavior and traffic accidents. The study results have many implications in diagnosing and preventing or at least reducing driving violations and road accidents.Disclosure of interestThe author has not supplied his/her declaration of competing interest.

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