scholarly journals Farm-Forestry, Smallholder Farms and Policy Support – The Way Ahead

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vinod Chandra Pande
Keyword(s):  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Community Level ◽  
Policy Support ◽  
Economic Viability ◽  
Farm Income ◽  
Farm Forestry ◽  
Smallholder Farms ◽  
Field Boundaries ◽  
The Government ◽  
Soil And Water

Farm forestry, interchangeably used for the term agroforestry, encompasses growing trees and/or shrubs on farms, mainly to support agricultural production and supplement farm income on smallholder farms. This, as a bonus, also provides for ecosystem services viz., protection of soil and water resources, biodiversity enhancement, carbon sequestration, and improvement in landscape values to the farm holding. In Indian context, this encompasses raising trees mainly on bunds or field boundaries on small holdings or sometimes intercropped in an agroforestry type configuration, if holding size is bigger. The techno-economic viability of this system has been extensively assessed and wide adoption, therefore, warrants a conducive policy support at local and community level. Governments have framed enabling policies towards this goal; however, desired outcome is still awaited. This study attempts to map out the present development and suggest the measures required at local and community level to make the government policies more fruitful. Policies framed at macro level need recalibration to suit local and community specific requirements in the changing climatic conditions for wider adoption and sustenance.

scholarly journals SWAT BASED ASSESSMENT AND PREDICTION OF CLIMATE CHANGE AND ITS IMPACT IN THENPENNAI SUB-BASIN OF SOUTH INDIA

2018 ◽  
Vol XLII-5 ◽  
pp. 557-562
Author(s):  
K. Nivedita Priyadarshini ◽  
S. A. Rahaman ◽  
S. Nithesh Nirmal ◽  
R. Jegankumar ◽  
P. Masilamani
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Assessment Tool ◽  
Climate Change Impacts ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Scale Model ◽  
Impact Of Climate Change ◽  
Temperature And Precipitation ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Soil And Water

<p><strong>Abstract.</strong> Climate change impacts on watershed ecosystems and hydrologic processes are complex. The key significant parameters responsible for balancing the watershed ecosystems are temperature and rainfall. Though these parameters are uncertain, they play a prime role in the projections of dimensional climate change studies. The impact of climate change is more dependent on temperature and precipitation which contributes at a larger magnitude for characterising global warming issues. This paper aims to forecast the variations of temperature and precipitation during the period of 2020&amp;ndash;2050 for the northern part of Thenpennar sub basin. This study is modelled using SWAT (Soil and Water Assessment Tool) &amp;ndash; a scale model developed to predict the impact of changes that occurs in land, soil and water over a period of time. This study is validated using the base period from 1980&amp;ndash;2000 which shows the distribution of rainfall and temperature among 38 watersheds. The results from this study show that there is a decrease in the rainfall for a maximum of about 20% in the month of December during the predicted period of 2020 and 2050. This study assesses the possible adverse impact of climate change on temperature and precipitation of Thenpennai sub-basin. This kind of predictions will help the government agencies, rulers and decision makers in policy making and implementing the adaptation strategies for the changing climatic conditions.</p>

scholarly journals Estimating the Economic Viability of Cotton Growers in Punjab Province, Pakistan

SAGE Open ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 215824402092931
Author(s):  
Wei Wei ◽  
Zulqarnain Mushtaq ◽  
Amir Ikram ◽  
Muhammad Faisal ◽  
Zhang Wan-Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Formal Education ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
Economic Incentives ◽  
Economic Viability ◽  
Farm Income ◽  
Tobit Regression ◽  
Gross Margin ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
The Government

Considering the farmer’s decision of quitting cotton plantation due to low economic incentives, the current research is intended to evaluate the economic viability of cotton growers in Punjab. A comprehensively pretested questionnaire was used to gather the information from 240 cotton growers in face-to-face interviews. The cost–benefit ratio was estimated by calculating incurred variable costs, revenue generated, net farm income, and gross margin. The data envelopment analysis was applied to explore the economic, technical, and allocative efficiencies of the cotton producers. The second-stage regression analysis was also conducted to evaluate the socioeconomic factors affecting farmer’s efficiencies by applying the Tobit regression model. The small farmers were found to be most vulnerable group with low returns on investments and low technical and economics efficiencies score. The results also indicate that the financial constraints, difficulty to access agriculture credit, access to extension services, and lack of formal education are the main factors affecting farmer’s efficiency. The government should regulate the input prices and agriculture department should provide formal training to the farmers to adopt better management practices to reduce cost of production.

Why do the national financial and monetary policies not boost the economy?

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (7) ◽  
pp. 1496-1521
Author(s):  
N.I. Kulikov ◽  
M.A. Kulikova ◽  
A.A.S.R. Mobio
Keyword(s):  
Central Bank ◽  
Policy Support ◽  
Gdp Growth ◽  
Government Contracts ◽  
Monetary Policies ◽  
The Past ◽  
Russian Economy ◽  
Yearly Average ◽  
Analysis And Synthesis ◽  
The Government

Subject. This article assesses the reasons why the economic policy of the Government and Central Bank of Russia does not cause the economic advance. The article tries to find out why the two strategic programmes adopted over the past ten years have not been implemented in most indicators. Objectives. The article aims to analyze the results of financial and monetary policies in Russia over the past ten years, and establish why the Russian economy has been growing within one percent yearly average all these years, and its share in the world economy has not grown, but got reduced even. Methods. For the study, we used the methods of analysis and synthesis. Results. The article proposes certain measures and activities to move to soft financial and monetary policies of the State and corresponding changes in the structure of the Russian economy. This will help ensure six to seven percent GDP growth annually. Conclusions. High loan rates have become the main obstacle to GDP growth in Russia. It is necessary to accept concrete actions and decisions concerning the Bank of Russia key rate, expansion of the functions of the Central Bank of the Russian Federation, industrial policy, support of consumer demand, long-term government contracts for the real sector enterprises, etc.

STATE SUPPORT FOR «GREEN» INVESTMENTS AND MARKET «GREEN» FINANCING: FOREIGN EXPERIENCE

2019 ◽  
pp. 97-108
Author(s):  
L.S. Kabir
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Government Support ◽  
Policy Support ◽  
Green Economy ◽  
Economic Policies ◽  
State Support ◽  
Green Technologies ◽  
Foreign Countries ◽  
The Government ◽  
Green Investments

The present study reveals the trends and features of the current state of financing the foreign countries’ transition to a new «green» economic growth model. To summarize the contemporary experience of countries’ integration into public administration practice the approaches and standards in the field of «green» investments financing.The subject of the study is the set of measures implemented by countries to develop sources of finance for «green» economy projects.Tasks: 1) to consider the principal directions of the «green» investments state policy support, its purpose, and the tools used; 2) to identify the market’s role in the «green» economy financing; 3) to clarify the main issues constraining private investments in «green» projects. The countries’ approach to «green» economic growth financing is examined in the present paper by means of common methods of scientific knowledge.There reviewed the arguments justifying the government support for «green» investments. There revealed the problems constraining the market «green» financing development and speculations about their origins. The study concludes that the countries’ economic policies are aimed at improving the existing model’s efficiency, not at the transition to the new «green» economy model. Thus, through the state support tools, there being generated strong signals signifying the creation of favorable market conditions for the functioning of a new economy sector – the sector of «green» technologies.

Guatemala’s economy on the way to recovery

2021 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Latin America ◽  
Violent Crime ◽  
Business Environment ◽  
Policy Support ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Containment Measures ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Way

Significance National GDP nevertheless contracted by just 1.5% in 2020 -- less than almost any other country in Latin America. Resilient remittances and exports, coupled with unprecedented policy support, have mitigated the effects of the pandemic and subsequent containment measures, leaving the country better placed for recovery than its neighbours. Impacts Enduring poverty, inequality and violent crime, and the impacts of accelerating climate change, will drive further migration from Guatemala. The government will pursue banking law reforms, to reduce risks to financial activities in the post-pandemic business environment. Infighting and corruption scandals will hinder the opposition's ability to benefit from the decline of the president's popularity.

scholarly journals ANALYSIS OF COST AND RETURNS IN RICE PRODUCTION BY USAID-MARKETS II PROJECT PARTICIPANTS AND NON-PARTICIPANTS IN EBONYI STATE, NIGERIA

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Ogechi Cordelia Nwahia
Keyword(s):  
Research Work ◽  
Primary Source ◽  
Sampling Procedure ◽  
Study Data ◽  
Rice Production ◽  
Farm Income ◽  
International Agencies ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Project Participants ◽  
The Government

This research work focused on analysis of cost and returns in rice production by USAID-MARKETS II project participants and non-participants in Ebonyi state, Nigeria. Multi-stage sampling procedure was employed to select 239 participants, and 252 non- participants for the study. Data were collected from primary source, and analyzed using Z statistic, Net Farm Income (NFI) and Returns Per Naira Invested (RNI). The result reveals that the Net Farm Income (NFI) obtained by USAID-MARKETS II project participants, and non-participants were N493, 067.55/ha, and N353, 408. 12/ha respectively while the return on investment obtained by them were N3.28k, and N3.05k respectively. There was a significant difference between the profits obtained by them. Therefore, this study recommended that the teaming unemployed Nigerian youth should be encourage by the government, and international agencies through provision of grant/loan to take up rice farming as a business.

scholarly journals Factors That Matter for Financial Inclusion: Evidence from Sub-Sharan Africa - The Zimbabwe Case

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 48
Author(s):  
David Mhlanga
Keyword(s):  
Smallholder Farmers ◽  
Multinomial Logistic Regression ◽  
Multinomial Logit Model ◽  
Financial Inclusion ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Farm Income ◽  
Smallholder Farming ◽  
Hand Off ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
The Government

The study intended to investigate the factors that are important in influencing the financial inclusion of smallholder farming households in Sub-Saharan Africa with a specific focus on Zimbabwe. Motivated by the fact that there is an increase in the evidence of the importance of financial inclusion in fighting poverty and the fact that by merely having a bank account, financial inclusion cannot be guaranteed, the study went further to interrogate factors that influence smallholder farmers to have a transaction account, to borrow and to have insurance. Since the dependent variable of financial inclusion had more than two categories, with three unordered categories, transaction account, savings/credit account, and insurance, the multinomial logistic regression was used to estimate the determinants of financial inclusion from these three categories of the dependent variable. The multinomial logit model results, with insurance as the reference category, indicated that the size of the household, transaction costs, gender and agricultural extension service were the factors influencing the demand for a household to open a transaction account. On the other hand, off-farm income and age of the household were the only two factors significantly influencing households to borrow. Therefore, it is imperative for, the government of Zimbabwe to come up with more policies that encourage farmers to participate in the formal financial market as financial inclusion can help to fight poverty and the general developments of societies.   Received: 28 April 2021 / Accepted: 31 August 2021 / Published: 5 November 2021

scholarly journals Pengembangan Kedelai di Sawah Irigasi Pantura Jawa Barat

2016 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 9
Author(s):  
Wayan Sudana
Keyword(s):  
Influencing Factors ◽  
Coastal Region ◽  
The Other ◽  
Farm Income ◽  
Good Seed ◽  
Rural Employment ◽  
Seed Availability ◽  
The Government ◽  
Area Expansion ◽  
Further Development

<p><strong>English</strong><br />Soybean consumption has grown rapidly, but its production increased at a much lower rate, and as a result its demand can only be met by import. On the other hand, the irrigated land most suitable for soybean development is still in a large potential. To utilize the resource, the government made a special effort through intensification and area expansion program as well. The irrigated lowland at West Java northern coastal region is one of strategic opportunities to boost soybean production based on location, accessibility and land suitability. Soybean is usually produced in the second dry season (July-September), and it is expected to increase farm income, to create rural employment opportunity especially for landless farmer. Some influencing factors for further development are among others good seed availability, irrigation and competition of labor used.</p><p> </p><p><strong>Indonesian</strong><br />Pertumbuhan konsumsi kedelai dari tahun ke tahun terus mengalami peningkatan, sehingga mengakibatkan ketidakseimbangan pertumbuhan konsumsi dan produksi kedelai dalam negeri. Untuk menutupi kekurangan konsumsi dalam negeri terpaksa dilakukan impor. Di lain pihak potensi lahan yang cocok untuk pengembangan kedelai ini masih cukup besar. Untuk memanfaatkan potensi sumberdaya lahan ini pemerintah berusaha melalui berbagai upaya khusus baik melalui intensifikasi maupun ekstensifikasi. Sawah irigasi teknis di Pantura Jawa Barat merupakan salahsatu peluang pengembangan kedelai yang sangat strategis bila dilihat dari letak, aksessibilitas dan kesesuaian bio-fisik lahan. Pengembangan kedelai di lahan ini pada MK II (Juli - September) disamping dapat meningkatkan penerimaan usahatani juga membuka peluang kesempatan kerja bagi buruhtani di pedesaan. Untuk pengembangan selanjutnya faktor yang perlu diperhatikan untuk menunjang keberhasilan program ini antara lain kelembagaan penyediaan benih bermutu, pengaturan air serta persaingan penggunaan tenaga kerja.</p>

scholarly journals A QUALITATIVE ANALYSIS OF AWARENESS AND UTILIZATION OF SOCIAL SECURITY MEASURES AMONG THE ELDERLY IN KOCHI CORPORATION

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Charutha Retnakumar ◽  
Leyanna Susan George ◽  
Maya Chacko
Keyword(s):  
Social Security ◽  
Health Workers ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Community Level ◽  
Financial Security ◽  
Security Measures ◽  
Effective Utilization ◽  
Public Health Workers ◽  
The Government ◽  
Depth Interviews

Background: As per Census 2011, nearly 104 million people in India are above the age of 60 years. While in Kerala, 12.6 % of the population is elderly. The government of India has launched various social security schemes and concessions for the elderly.  Hence, objective of this research is to study the awareness & utilization of social security measures. It also aimed to understand the motivators & barriers for utilization of social security measures among the elderly. Methodology: A qualitative study was carried out in 5 geriatric care centres in the 65th division of Kochi. 7 FGDs were conducted in each of the geriatric clubs and 7 In-depth interviews were conducted among the Anganwadi workers, medical officers, public health workers, and welfare officers. The data was translated, transcribed, Coded, thematically analysed and conclusions were drawn after data triangulation. Results: The awareness & utilization of various social security measures were found to be poor among the elderly. This was attributed to the lack of awareness among the community level workers regarding same. Pensions, railway concessions, and vayomitram project were the most popular schemes. Financial security among the pensioners through the schemes was a major motivator. While, the lack of awareness regarding the schemes and delay in processing the applications were the barriers identified. Conclusion: Proper channelization of knowledge is important for the awareness generation among elderly and community level workers. This can further lead to effective utilization of the benefits provided.

scholarly journals Adoption Model of Falcataria-Based Farm Forestry: A Duration Analysis Approach

2016 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 28 ◽  
Author(s):  
Evi Irawan
Keyword(s):  
Household Head ◽  
Duration Analysis ◽  
Influential Factors ◽  
Environmental Benefits ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
Tree Planting ◽  
Farm Income ◽  
Farm Forestry ◽  
Adoption Studies ◽  
Modeling Framework

Integrating perennial plant, such as Falcataria moluccana, in farming system can provide economic and environmental benefits, especially in marginal areas. Indonesian governments at all levels have been employing a number of efforts to speed-up adoption of tree planting on farm.  However, the establishment of farm forestry on private land in Indonesia, especially in Java, is widely varied.  While the farm forestry in some locations has been well adopted, the farmers or land users in other location are reluctant to adopt them, although the traits of farmers and farm land in both locations are similar. Most adoption studies have employed cross-sectional data in a static discrete choice modeling framework to analyze why some farmers adopt at a certain point in time.  The static approach does not consider the dynamic environment in which the adoption decision is made and thus does not incorporate speed of adoption.  The information of adoption speed of an innovation is important in designing extension policies as well as reengineering innovations in order to align with socio-economic conditions of the farmers.  Based on data from a survey of a random sample of 117 smallholder households in Wonosobo Regency, Central Java, Indonesia, this study investigated determinants of time to adoption of farm forestry using duration analysis. Results revealed that factors that accelerate the adoption varied include age of household head, level of education of household head, off-farm employment and output price. Older farmers tend to adopt faster than the younger farmers. The other interesting findings are that off-farm employment and membership to farmers group are two most influential factors in speeding-up adoption of Falcataria-based farm forestry. The policy implications of this research are that government should design policies that promote farmers’ participation in off-farm income activities and strengthening farmer groups in addition to extension services and timber markets. 

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