Conventional and Molecular Detection Methods of the Opportunistic Bacterial Pathogen Campylobacter concisus

Campylobacter concisus is an emerging pathogen that causes gastroenteritis and is a suspected cause of inflammatory bowel diseases. Its importance is enhanced by the chronic sequela that results from acute infection. This bacterium has been under-diagnosed in intestinal infectious diseases, and its clinical importance has not been determined yet. In order to establish the implication of this emerging bacterial species in human gastroenteritis and other infections, different approaches and procedure have been performed, where molecular typing methods have played a central role. The chapter provides a comprehensive past and recent updates on the detection of C. concisus by biochemical and molecular methods.

Long COVID in Inflammatory Bowel Diseases

Journal of Clinical Medicine ◽

10.3390/jcm10235575 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (23) ◽

pp. 5575

Author(s):

Silvia Salvatori ◽

Francesco Baldassarre ◽

Michelangela Mossa ◽

Giovanni Monteleone

Keyword(s):

Negative Impact ◽

Acute Infection ◽

Demographic Characteristics ◽

University Hospital ◽

Tertiary Referral ◽

Tertiary Referral Center ◽

Bowel Diseases ◽

Background and aims. SARS-CoV-2-infected patients can experience long-lasting symptoms even after the resolution of the acute infection. This condition, defined as Long COVID, is now recognized as a public health priority and its negative impact on the quality of life of the patients could be more relevant in individuals with debilitating pathologies. We here evaluated the frequency of Long COVID in patients with inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD). Methods. IBD patients afferent for scheduled visits to our tertiary referral center at the Tor Vergata University Hospital, Rome, were recruited from 7 September to 22 October 2021. During the visits, patients were investigated about previous COVID-19 infection and the possible development of Long COVID. Results. Fifty-three out of 528 IBD patients (10%) have had a SARS-CoV-2 infection. Of these, 21 patients (40%) developed Long COVID, and asthenia was the more frequent symptom as it occurred in nearly two-thirds of patients. Patients with Long COVID were more frequently females, while other clinical and demographic characteristics did not differ between patients with Long COVID and those without Long COVID. In particular, the IBD relapses occurred with the same frequency in the two groups. Conclusions. Long COVID appears to be common in IBD patients even though it does not influence the IBD course.

Effects of a Novel Probiotic Combination on Pathogenic Bacterial-Fungal Polymicrobial Biofilms

mBio ◽

10.1128/mbio.00338-19 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 10 (2) ◽

Cited By ~ 14

Author(s):

Christopher L. Hager ◽

Nancy Isham ◽

Kory P. Schrom ◽

Jyotsna Chandra ◽

Thomas McCormick ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Gut Microbiome ◽

Biofilm Formation ◽

Bacterial Species ◽

Bacterial Flora ◽

Confocal Scanning Laser Microscopy ◽

Antibiofilm Activity ◽

Content Type ◽

Bowel Diseases ◽

ABSTRACTDysbiosis of the gut microbiome has been implicated in inflammatory bowel diseases. We have shown that levels ofCandida tropicalis, along with those ofEscherichia coliandSerratia marcescens, are significantly elevated in Crohn’s disease (CD) patients. Here, we evaluated the ability of a novel probiotic to prevent and treat polymicrobial biofilms (PMB) formed byC. tropicaliswithE. coliandS. marcescens. SinceCandida albicanshas been reported to be elevated in CD patients, we investigated the interactions ofC. albicanswith these bacterial species in biofilm formation. We determined whether the interaction betweenCandidaspp. and bacteria is specific by usingTrichosporon inkinandSaccharomyces fibuligeraas comparators. Additionally, the effects of probiotics onC. albicansgermination and biofilm formation were determined. To determine the ability of the probiotic to prevent or treat mature biofilms, probiotic filtrate was added to the PMB at early (prevention) and mature (treatment) phases. Biofilm thickness and architecture were assessed by confocal scanning laser microscopy. The effects of the probiotic on germination were evaluated in the presence of serum. Exposure ofC. tropicalisPMB to probiotic filtrate reduced biofilm matrix, decreased thickness, and inhibited hyphal formation. We showed thatC. albicansorC. tropicalisformed significantly thicker PMB than control biofilms, indicating that this interaction isCandidaspecific. Treatment with probiotic filtrate inhibitedC. albicansgermination and prevented/treatedC. albicansPMB. The designed probiotic may have utility in the management of biofilm-associated gastrointestinal diseases such as Crohn’s and colorectal cancer.IMPORTANCEThe effects of diversity of the gut microbiome on inflammation have centered mainly on bacterial flora. Recent research has implicated fungal species and their interactions with other organisms in the inflammatory process. New ways to restore microbial balance in the gut are being explored. Our goal was to identify beneficial probiotic strains that would antagonize these fungal and bacterial pathogens that are elevated in the inflamed gut, and which also have antibiofilm activity. Fungus-bacterium correlation analysis allowed us to identify candidate probiotic species that can antagonize microbial pathogens, which we subsequently incorporated into a novel probiotic formulation. Amylase, which is known to have some antibiofilm activity, was also added to the probiotic mixture. This novel probiotic may have utility for the management of inflammatory bowel diseases by disrupting polymicrobial biofilm formation.

Neutralization of IL-1α ameliorates Crohn’s disease-like ileitis by functional alterations of the gut microbiome

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences ◽

10.1073/pnas.1915043116 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 116 (52) ◽

pp. 26717-26726 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Paola Menghini ◽

Daniele Corridoni ◽

Ludovica F. Buttó ◽

Abdullah Osme ◽

Sushma Shivaswamy ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Crohn’S Disease ◽

Crohn's Disease ◽

Gut Microbiome ◽

Bacterial Species ◽

Intestinal Microbiome ◽

Lactobacillus Salivarius ◽

Bowel Diseases ◽

Inflammatory Bowel ◽

Antiinflammatory Effects

Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis are chronic and progressive inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs) that are attributed to dysregulated interactions between the gut microbiome and the intestinal mucosa-associated immune system. There are limited studies investigating the role of either IL-1α or IL-1β in mouse models of colitis, and no clinical trials blocking either IL-1 have yet to be performed. In the present study, we show that neutralization of IL-1α by a specific monoclonal antibody against murine IL-1α was highly effective in reducing inflammation and damage in SAMP mice, mice that spontaneously develop a Crohn’s-like ileitis. Anti-mouse IL-1α significantly ameliorated the established, chronic ileitis and also protected mice from developing acute DSS-induced colitis. Both were associated with taxonomic divergence of the fecal gut microbiome, which was treatment-specific and not dependent on inflammation. Anti–IL-1α administration led to a decreased ratio ofProteobacteriatoBacteroidetes, decreased presence ofHelicobacterspecies, and elevated representation ofMucispirillum schaedleriandLactobacillus salivarius. Such modification in flora was functionally linked to the antiinflammatory effects of IL-1α neutralization, as blockade of IL-1α was not effective in germfree SAMP mice. Furthermore, preemptive dexamethasone treatment of DSS-challenged SAMP mice led to changes in flora composition without preventing the development of colitis. Thus, neutralization of IL-1α changes specific bacterial species of the intestinal microbiome, which is linked to its antiinflammatory effects. These functional findings may be of significant value for patients with IBD, who may benefit from targeted IL-1α–based therapies.

Dysbiosis in the Pathogenesis of Pediatric Inflammatory Bowel Diseases

International Journal of Inflammation ◽

10.1155/2012/687143 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 2012 ◽

pp. 1-7 ◽

Cited By ~ 20

Author(s):

Donatella Comito ◽

Claudio Romano

Keyword(s):

Bacterial Species ◽

Disease Onset ◽

Adaptive Immune Response ◽

Immune Functions ◽

Microbial Composition ◽

Bacterial Killing ◽

Bowel Diseases ◽

Inflammatory Bowel ◽

Pediatric Ibd

Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs) are chronic inflammatory conditions of the gastrointestinal tract that occur in genetically susceptible individuals. Crohn’s disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC) are two major types of IBD. In about 20–25% of patients, disease onset is during childhood and pediatric IBD can be considered the best model for studying immunopathogentic mechanisms. The fundamentals of IBD pathogenesis are considered a defective innate immunity and bacterial killing with overaggressive adaptive immune response. A condition of “dysbiosis”, with alterations of the gut microbial composition, is regarded as the basis of IBD pathogenesis. The human gastrointestinal (GI) microbial population is a complex, dynamic ecosystem and consists of up to one thousand different bacterial species. In healthy individuals, intestinal microbiota have a symbiotic relationship with the host organism and carry out important metabolic, “barrier,” and immune functions. Microbial dysbiosis in IBD with lack of beneficial bacteria, together with genetic predisposition, is the most relevant conditions in the pathogenesis of the pediatric IBD.

Campylobacter concisus

The Journal of Infection in Developing Countries ◽

10.3855/jidc.14530 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 15 (09) ◽

pp. 1216-1221

Author(s):

Biljana Miljković-Selimović ◽

Tatjana Babić ◽

Branislava Kocić ◽

Ema Aleksić ◽

Adam Malešević ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Immune Response ◽

Periodontal Disease ◽

Etiological Agent ◽

Healthy Individuals ◽

Campylobacter Concisus ◽

Bowel Diseases ◽

Campylobacter concisus has been described as the etiological agent of periodontal disease, inflammatory bowel diseases, and enterocolitis. It is also detected in healthy individuals. There are differences between strains in healthy individuals and affected ones by production of two exototoxins. In this mini review authors discuss major facts about cultivation, isolation, virulence and immune response to C. concisus.

Acquired Risk Factors for Venous Thromboembolism in Medical Patients

Hematology ◽

10.1182/asheducation-2005.1.458 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 2005 (1) ◽

pp. 458-461 ◽

Cited By ~ 17

Author(s):

Paolo Prandoni

Keyword(s):

Venous Thromboembolism ◽

Varicose Veins ◽

Acute Infection ◽

Clinical Importance ◽

Hormonal Treatment ◽

Medical Patients ◽

Increased Risk ◽

Inflammatory Bowel ◽

Acute Venous Thromboembolism ◽

Persistent Elevation

Abstract Acute venous thromboembolism (VTE) is a serious and potentially fatal disorder, which often complicates the course of hospitalized patients, but may also affect ambulatory and otherwise healthy people. While the introduction of thromboprophylactic measures is expected to have reduced the occurrence of postoperative VTE, there is an increasing awareness of the importance of medical conditions in determining thromboembolic events. Among the conditions that predispose patients to VTE are increasing age, cancer and its treatment, prolonged immobility, stroke or paralysis, previous VTE, congestive heart failure, acute infection, pregnancy or puerperium, dehydration, hormonal treatment, varicose veins, long air travel, acute inflammatory bowel disease, rheumatologic disease, and nephrotic syndrome. Other factors that have recently been associated with an increased risk of VTE disorders include persistent elevation of D-dimer and atherosclerotic disease. Recognition of the incidence and clinical importance of thrombosis will most likely encourage more widespread use of antithrombotic prophylaxis in medical patients.

The Bowel Microbiota and Inflammatory Bowel Diseases

International Journal of Inflammation ◽

10.4061/2010/954051 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 2010 ◽

pp. 1-9 ◽

Cited By ~ 27

Author(s):

Gerald W. Tannock

Keyword(s):

Ulcerative Colitis ◽

Bacterial Species ◽

Bacterial Cells ◽

Bowel Diseases ◽

Inflammatory Bowel ◽

Specific Species ◽

Bowel Mucosa ◽

Microbiological Research

The human bowel contains a large and biodiverse bacterial community known as the microbiota or microbiome. It seems likely that the microbiota, fractions of the microbiota, or specific species comprising the microbiota provide the antigenic fuel that drives the chronic immune inflammation of the bowel mucosa that is characteristic of Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis. At least twenty years of microbiological research have been expended on analysis of the composition of the bowel microbiota of inflammatory bowel disease patients in comparison to that of control subjects. Despite extensive speculations about the aetiological role of dysbiosis in inflammatory bowel diseases, knowledge that can be easily translated into effective remedies for patients has not eventuated. The causes of this failure may be due to poorly defined and executed bacteriological studies, as well as the overwhelming complexity of a biome that contains hundreds of bacterial species and trillions of bacterial cells.

Multiplexed detection of bacterial nucleic acids using Cas13 in droplet microarrays

10.1101/2021.11.12.468388 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Sri Gowtham Thakku ◽

Cheri M Ackerman ◽

Cameron Myhrvold ◽

Roby P Bhattacharyya ◽

Jonathan Livny ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Nucleic Acid ◽

Sensitivity And Specificity ◽

Health Management ◽

Point Of Care ◽

Bacterial Species ◽

Bacterial Pathogen ◽

Antibiotic Resistance Genes ◽

Detection Methods ◽

Nucleic Acid Detection ◽

Multiplexed Detection

Rapid and accurate diagnosis of infections is fundamental to individual patient care and public health management. Nucleic acid detection methods are critical to this effort, but are limited either in the breadth of pathogens targeted or by the expertise and infrastructure required. We present here a high-throughput system that enables rapid identification of bacterial pathogens, bCARMEN, which utilizes: (1) modular CRISPR-Cas13-based nucleic acid detection with enhanced sensitivity and specificity; and (2) a droplet microfluidic system that enables thousands of simultaneous, spatially multiplexed detection reactions at nanoliter volumes; and (3) a novel pre-amplification strategy that further enhances sensitivity and specificity. We demonstrate bCARMEN is capable of detecting and discriminating 52 clinically relevant bacterial species and several key antibiotic resistance genes. We further develop a proof of principle system for use with stabilized reagents and a simple workflow with optical readout using a cell phone camera, opening up the possibility of a rapid point-of-care multiplexed bacterial pathogen identification and antibiotic susceptibility testing.

T Lymphocyte Dynamics in Inflammatory Bowel Diseases: Role of the Microbiome

BioMed Research International ◽

10.1155/2015/504638 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 2015 ◽

pp. 1-9 ◽

Cited By ~ 21

Author(s):

C. B. Larmonier ◽

K. W. Shehab ◽

F. K. Ghishan ◽

P. R. Kiela

Keyword(s):

Immune Response ◽

T Cells ◽

Gut Microbiome ◽

System Development ◽

Bacterial Species ◽

Immune System Development ◽

Bowel Diseases ◽

Humans have coevolved with a complex community of bacterial species also referred to as the microbiome, which reciprocally provides critical contributions to human metabolism and immune system development. Gut microbiome composition differs significantly between individuals depending on host genetics, diet, and environmental factors. A dysregulation of the symbiotic nature of the intestinal host-microbial relationship and an aberrant and persistent immune response are the fundamental processes involved in inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD). Considering the essential role of T cells in IBD and the contributing role of the microbiome in shaping the immune response during the pathogenesis of IBD, this review focuses on the complex relationship, interplay, and communication between the gut microbiome and T cells, including their differentiation into different subsets of effector or regulatory cells.

P599 Perspectives on disease- and treatment-related issues encountered by patients with Inflammatory Bowel Disease: a qualitative concept mapping study

Journal of Crohn s and Colitis ◽

10.1093/ecco-jcc/jjab076.720 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 15 (Supplement_1) ◽

pp. S545-S546

Author(s):

K Risager Christensen ◽

C Steenholdt ◽

M Skougaard ◽

M A Ainsworth ◽

J Brynskov ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Concept Mapping ◽

Nominal Group Technique ◽

Clinical Importance ◽

Nominal Group ◽

Disease Group ◽

Patient Reported ◽

Bowel Diseases ◽

Core Concepts ◽

Inflammatory Bowel ◽

And Cluster Analysis

Abstract Background Therapeutic options for inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) have documented effect on hard endpoints such as clinical and endoscopic remission. However, little is still known about issues that are of concern and importance to patients. This study aimed to explore, and rate, the importance of treatment- and disease-related issues and concerns experienced by patients with Crohn’s disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC) by a state-of-the art qualitative approach. Methods Concept Mapping (CM) is a validated qualitative method, widely used to identify and organize disease- and treatment-related issues. In 8 CM workshops each with 3–4 participating patients, patients’ statements were elicited through a nominal group technique and organized using themes. The statements were visualized by multidimensional scaling, and cluster analysis was used to retrieve clusters organized by themes. The result was validated by patients, and further rated in terms of clinical importance. Then, thematic analyses were performed to generate a conceptual model of disease-related issues and concerns. Results In all, 13 CD and 13 UC patients participated of whom 7 (53%) and 3 (23%) were in clinical remission. There were 8 (62%) and 9 (69%) females, median disease duration of 17 years (IQR 12–20) and 11 years (5–15) respectively. In each disease group, 12 (92%) received biologics and 1 (8%) thiopurine, median age was 42 years (38–50). In the CD and UC workshops, 335 and 408 statements were generated, respectively, resulting in 10 CD and 11 UC clusters. The 5 highest rated clusters from each disease group along with generic clusters are shown in the Figure 1ab. Three clusters were rated to be “very important” (mean ≥ 4) for CD (Positive attitude, Acceptance and recognition, and Personal experiences living with CD), and 1 cluster for UC (Take responsibility and control over your own life). In the above-mentioned clusters, statements rated as of great importance (median= 5) were scattered as follows for CD 6/15 (40%), 10/35 (29%) and 12/30 (40%), respectively; and for UC 27/62 (44%)). In addition, UC patients also rated statements about efficacy of medication, and concerns and consequences high. CD patients created 26 (8%) (median=4) and UC 10 (2.5%) (median=4.5) symptoms specific statements scattered in different clusters. Conclusion The majority of the core concepts found in this study originated from patients’ perspectives focused on personomics, rather than from conventional patient reported outcomes such as bowel symptoms. Some core concepts differed across diseases, but most were independent of disease type. These data offer new knowledge to guide selection of clinically relevant and value-based treatment outcomes for IBD patients.