scholarly journals Taenia solium microRNAs: Potential Biomarkers and Drug Targets in Neurocysticercosis

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matías Gastón Pérez
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Cell Growth ◽  
Drug Targets ◽  
Metabolic Diseases ◽  
Viral Infections ◽  
Taenia Solium ◽  
Non Coding Rnas ◽  
Host Parasite ◽  
Potential Biomarkers

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) found in animals, plants, and some viruses belongs to the heterogeneous class of non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs), which posttranscriptional regulates gene expression. They are linked to various cellular activities such as cell growth, differentiation, development and apoptosis. Also, they have been involved in cancer, metabolic diseases, viral infections and clinical trials targeting miRNAs has shown promising results. This chapter provides an overview on Taenia solium and Taenia crassiceps miRNAs, their possible biological functions, their role in host–parasite communication and their potential role as biomarkers and drug targets.

tiRNAs & tRFs Biogenesis and Regulation of Diseases: A Review

2019 ◽  
Vol 26 (31) ◽  
pp. 5849-5861 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pan Jiang ◽  
Feng Yan
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Protein Synthesis ◽  
Metabolic Diseases ◽  
Viral Infections ◽  
Regulatory Mechanisms ◽  
Biological Functions ◽  
Reverse Transcriptases ◽  
Dna Damage Responses ◽  
Potential Applications ◽  
Viral Reverse Transcriptases

tiRNAs & tRFs are a class of small molecular noncoding tRNA derived from precise processing of mature or precursor tRNAs. Most tiRNAs & tRFs described originate from nucleus-encoded tRNAs, and only a few tiRNAs and tRFs have been reported. They have been suggested to play important roles in inhibiting protein synthesis, regulating gene expression, priming viral reverse transcriptases, and the modulation of DNA damage responses. However, the regulatory mechanisms and potential function of tiRNAs & tRFs remain poorly understood. This review aims to describe tiRNAs & tRFs, including their structure, biological functions and subcellular localization. The regulatory roles of tiRNAs & tRFs in translation, neurodegeneration, metabolic diseases, viral infections, and carcinogenesis are also discussed in detail. Finally, the potential applications of these noncoding tRNAs as biomarkers and gene regulators in different diseases is also highlighted.

Targeting of microRNAs for therapeutics

2008 ◽  
Vol 36 (6) ◽  
pp. 1197-1200 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jan Stenvang ◽  
Morten Lindow ◽  
Sakari Kauppinen
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Cardiovascular Diseases ◽  
High Stability ◽  
Viral Infections ◽  
Modified Oligonucleotides ◽  
Rna Molecules ◽  
Locked Nucleic Acids ◽  
Non Coding Rnas ◽  
High Binding Affinity

miRNAs (microRNAs) comprise a class of small endogenous non-coding RNAs that post-transcriptionally repress gene expression by base-pairing with their target mRNAs. Recent evidence has shown that miRNAs play important roles in a wide variety of human diseases, such as viral infections, cancer and cardiovascular diseases, and thus miRNAs have rapidly emerged as potential targets for therapeutics. LNAs (locked nucleic acids) comprise a class of bicyclic conformational analogues of RNA, which exhibit high binding affinity to complementary RNA molecules and high stability in blood and tissues in vivo. Recent reports on LNA-mediated miRNA silencing in rodents and primates support the potential of LNA-modified oligonucleotides in studying miRNA functions in vivo and in the future development of miRNA-based therapeutics.

Resveratrol and other Stilbenes: Effects on Dysregulated Gene Expression in Cancers and Novel Delivery Systems

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 ◽  
Author(s):  
Palmiro Poltronieri ◽  
Baojun Xu ◽  
Giovanna Giovinazzo
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Transcription Factors ◽  
Chemical Structure ◽  
Cultured Cells ◽  
Biochemical Interaction ◽  
Non Coding Rnas ◽  
Resveratrol Analogs ◽  
Main Effects ◽  
Novel Delivery Systems

: Trans-resveratrol (RESV), pterostilbene, trans-piceid and trans-viniferins are bioactive stilbenes present in grapes and other plants. Several groups applied biotechnology to introduce their synthesis in plant crops. Biochemical interaction with enzymes, regulation of non-coding RNAs, and activation of signaling pathways and transcription factors are among the main effects described in literature. However, solubility in ethanol, short half-life, metabolism by gut bacteria, make difficult to achieve the concentration responsible for the effects observed in cultured cells. Derivatives obtained by synthesis, trans-resveratrol analogs and methoxylated stilbenes show to be more stable and allow the synthesis of bioactive compounds with higher bioavailability. However, changes in chemical structure may require testing for toxicity. Thus, delivery of RESV and its natural analogs incorporated into liposomes or nanoparticles, is the best choice to ensure stability during administration and appropriate absorption. The application of -RESV and its derivatives with anti-inflammatory and anticancer activity is presented with description of novel clinical trials.

scholarly journals Obese rats intervened with Rhizoma coptidis revealed differential gene expression and microbiota by serum metabolomics

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yanhua Ji ◽  
Kexin Luo ◽  
Jiri Mutu Zhang ◽  
Peng Ni ◽  
Wangping Xiong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Systems Biology ◽  
Liver Tissue ◽  
Metabolic Diseases ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Rhizoma Coptidis ◽  
Obese Rats ◽  
Serum Metabolomics ◽  
Potential Biomarkers

Abstract Background Integrating systems biology is an approach for investigating metabolic diseases in humans. However, few studies use this approach to investigate the mechanism by which Rhizoma coptidis (RC) reduces the effect of lipids and glucose on high-fat induced obesity in rats. Methods Twenty-four specific pathogen-free (SPF) male Sprague–Dawley rats (80 ± 10 g) were used in this study. Serum metabolomics were detected by ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole-time-of-flight tandem mass spectrometry. Liver tissue and cecum feces were used for RNA-Seq technology and 16S rRNA gene sequencing, respectively. Results We identified nine potential biomarkers, which are differential metabolites in the Control, Model and RC groups, including linoleic acid, eicosapentaenoic acid, arachidonic acid, stearic acid, and L-Alloisoleucine (p < 0.01). The liver tissue gene expression profile indicated the circadian rhythm pathway was significantly affected by RC (Q ≤ 0.05). A total of 149 and 39 operational taxonomic units (OTUs), which were highly associated with biochemical indicators and potential biomarkers in the cecum samples (FDR ≤ 0.05), respectively, were identified. Conclusion This work provides information to better understand the mechanism of the effect of RC intervention on hyperlipidemia and hypoglycemic effects in obese rats. The present study demonstrates that integrating systems biology may be a powerful tool to reveal the complexity of metabolic diseases in rats intervened by traditional Chinese medicine.

scholarly journals LINC00184 involved in the regulatory network of ANGPT2 via ceRNA mediated miR-145 inhibition.

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (suppl) ◽  
pp. 17-17
Author(s):  
Haiyan Piao
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Gastric Cancer ◽  
Regulatory Network ◽  
Poor Prognosis ◽  
Differentially Expressed ◽  
Competing Endogenous Rna ◽  
Carcinogenic Effect ◽  
Study Methods ◽  
Non Coding Rnas ◽  
Potential Biomarkers

17 Background: Abnormal gene expression is closely related to the development and poor prognosis of gastric cancer (GC). Since gene does not work alone, we are aimed to elucidate the potential networks between mRNA and non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) in this study. Methods: Based on the TCGA database, we obtained the differentially expressed RNAs and constructed the competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) regulatory network. Results: We found a regulatory network based on ANGPT2. We observed ANGPT2 is overexpressed in GC cells and tissues and associated with poor prognosis. ANGPT2 promotes proliferation, invasion, and EMT in GC cells, which could be abolished by miR-145. In addition, LINC00184 can be used as a ceRNA to inhibit the expression of miR-145, thus enhancing the carcinogenic effect of ANGPT2. Conclusions: Our results suggested that LINC00184/miR-145/ANGPT2 axis plays an important role in the occurrence and development of GC and may be potential biomarkers and targets for the treatment of GC.

scholarly journals Long non-coding RNAs in regulation of adipogenesis and adipose tissue function

eLife ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tiziana Squillaro ◽  
Gianfranco Peluso ◽  
Umberto Galderisi ◽  
Giovanni Di Bernardo
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Drug Targets ◽  
Metabolic Diseases ◽  
Tissue Development ◽  
Cellular Functions ◽  
Adipose Tissue Development ◽  
And Function

Complex interaction between genetics, epigenetics, environment, and nutrition affect the physiological activities of adipose tissues and their dysfunctions, which lead to several metabolic diseases including obesity or type 2 diabetes. Here, adipogenesis appears to be a process characterized by an intricate network that involves many transcription factors and long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) that regulate gene expression. LncRNAs are being investigated to determine their contribution to adipose tissue development and function. LncRNAs possess multiple cellular functions, and they regulate chromatin remodeling, along with transcriptional and post-transcriptional events; in this way, they affect gene expression. New investigations have demonstrated the pivotal role of these molecules in modulating white and brown/beige adipogenic tissue development and activity. This review aims to provide an update on the role of lncRNAs in adipogenesis and adipose tissue function to promote identification of new drug targets for treating obesity and related metabolic diseases.

scholarly journals Thrombospondin-1 CD47 Signalling: From Mechanisms to Medicine

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (8) ◽  
pp. 4062
Author(s):  
Atharva Kale ◽  
Natasha M. Rogers ◽  
Kedar Ghimire
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Drug Targets ◽  
Metabolic Diseases ◽  
Phase 1 ◽  
Enzymatic Production ◽  
Animal Models Of Disease ◽  
Recent Advances ◽  
Thrombospondin 1 ◽  
Substantial Progress ◽  
Models Of Disease

Recent advances provide evidence that the cellular signalling pathway comprising the ligand-receptor duo of thrombospondin-1 (TSP1) and CD47 is involved in mediating a range of diseases affecting renal, vascular, and metabolic function, as well as cancer. In several instances, research has barely progressed past pre-clinical animal models of disease and early phase 1 clinical trials, while for cancers, anti-CD47 therapy has emerged from phase 2 clinical trials in humans as a crucial adjuvant therapeutic agent. This has important implications for interventions that seek to capitalize on targeting this pathway in diseases where TSP1 and/or CD47 play a role. Despite substantial progress made in our understanding of this pathway in malignant and cardiovascular disease, knowledge and translational gaps remain regarding the role of this pathway in kidney and metabolic diseases, limiting identification of putative drug targets and development of effective treatments. This review considers recent advances reported in the field of TSP1-CD47 signalling, focusing on several aspects including enzymatic production, receptor function, interacting partners, localization of signalling, matrix-cellular and cell-to-cell cross talk. The potential impact that these newly described mechanisms have on health, with a particular focus on renal and metabolic disease, is also discussed.

scholarly journals Interaction among inflammasome, autophagy and non-coding RNAs: new horizons for drug

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 166-182 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qinqin Pu ◽  
Ping Lin ◽  
Zhihan Wang ◽  
Pan Gao ◽  
Shugang Qin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Targets ◽  
Metabolic Diseases ◽  
Immune Defense ◽  
Inflammasome Activation ◽  
New Horizons ◽  
Cellular Processes ◽  
Multiple Processes ◽  
Non Coding Rnas ◽  
Clinical Conditions ◽  
Refractory Diseases

Abstract Autophagy and inflammasomes are shown to interact in various situations including infectious disease, cancer, diabetes and neurodegeneration. Since multiple layers of molecular regulators contribute to the interplay between autophagy and inflammasome activation, the detail of such interplay remains largely unknown. Non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs), which have been implicated in regulating an expanding list of cellular processes including immune defense against pathogens and inflammatory response in cancer and metabolic diseases, may join in the crosstalk between inflammasomes and autophagy in physiological or disease conditions. In this review, we summarize the latest research on the interlink among ncRNAs, inflammasomes and autophagy and discuss the emerging role of these three in multiple signaling transduction pathways involved in clinical conditions. By analyzing these intriguing interconnections, we hope to unveil the mechanism inter-regulating these multiple processes and ultimately discover potential drug targets for some refractory diseases.

New cancer drug targets identified in adrenocortical carcinoma through gene expression profiling

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raimunde Liang ◽  
Isabel Weigand ◽  
Barbara Altieri ◽  
Stefan Kircher ◽  
Sonja Steinhauer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Gene Expression Profiling ◽  
Adrenocortical Carcinoma ◽  
Expression Profiling ◽  
Drug Targets ◽  
Cancer Drug
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