scholarly journals Violence: A Prescription of Hope for a Vulnerable Population

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tonita Smith ◽  
Edith Amponsah ◽  
Lia Garman
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Parental Education ◽  
Exposure To Violence ◽  
Individual Risk ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Family Risk ◽  
Community Risk ◽  
Community Risk Factors

Violence is a preventable disease that has long term effects on health. In the United States, violence has become an epidemic that disproportionately affects the African American community. Risk factors that contribute to the perpetration of youth violence include a combination of individual, relationship, community, and societal factors. Individual risk factors include a personal history of victimization of violence, high emotional stress, and exposure to violence and conflict. Family risk factors include low parental education, low income, poor family functioning and low parental involvement. Community risk factors include diminished economic opportunities, high concentration of poor residents, and socially disorganized neighborhoods – all of which are prevalent in communities with high rates of violence. Preventive strategies aimed at reducing violence need to be collaborative and community based. This multi-city project, A Prescription of Hope, aims to educate community members from Illinois and Missouri on the long- term effects of exposure to violence. The target population for Missouri is Ferguson, a small community with an approximate population of 21,035 (2017); however, it is recognized nationally for the demonstrations and unrest that erupted after the August 9, 2014 shooting death of 18-year-old Michael Brown. Worldwide, an estimated 200,000 homicides occur each year among youth aged 10–29 years, accounting for 43% of all homicide annually.

Long-term effects (>24 months) of multiple lifestyle intervention on major cardiovascular risk factors among high risk subjects: a meta-analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 28 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
H Bergum ◽  
I Sandven ◽  
TO Klemsdal
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk ◽  
Systolic Blood Pressure ◽  
Total Cholesterol ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk Factors ◽  
Lifestyle Intervention ◽  
Small Study ◽  
Long Term Effects

Abstract Funding Acknowledgements Type of funding sources: Public grant(s) – National budget only. Main funding source(s): The Norwegian health department Background The evidence of the long-term effects of multiple lifestyle intervention on cardiovascular risk is uncertain. We aimed to summarize the evidence from randomized clinical trials examining the efficacy of lifestyle intervention on major cardiovascular risk factors in subjects at high cardiovascular risk. Methods  Eligible trials investigated the impact of lifestyle intervention versus usual care with minimum 24 months follow-up, reporting more than one major cardiovascular risk factor. A literature search updated April 15, 2020 identified 12 eligible studies. The results from individual trials were combined using fixed and random effect models, using the standardized mean difference (SMD) to estimate effect sizes. Small-study effect was evaluated, and heterogeneity between studies examined by subgroup and meta-regression analyses considering patient- and study-level variables. Results  Small-study effect was not identified. Lifestyle intervention reduced systolic blood pressure modestly with an estimated SMD of -0.13, 95% confidence interval (CI): -0.21 to -0.04, with moderate heterogeneity (I² = 59%), corresponding to a mean difference of approximately 2 mmHg (MD = -1.86, 95% CI: -3.14 to -0.57, p = 0.0046). This effect disappeared in the subgroup of trials judged at low risk of bias (SMD = 0.02, 95% CI: -0.08 to 0.11). For the outcome total cholesterol SMD was -0.06, 95% CI: -0.13 to 0.00, with no heterogeneity (I² = 0%), indicating no effect of the intervention. Conclusion  Lifestyle intervention resulted in only a modest effect on systolic blood pressure and no effect on total cholesterol after 24 months. Further lifestyle trials should consider the challenge of maintaining larger long-term benefits to ensure impact on cardiovascular outcomes.

scholarly journals Internet-Based Screening for Sexually Transmitted Infections to Reach Nonclinic Populations in the Community: Risk Factors for Infection in Men

2010 ◽  
Vol 37 (12) ◽  
pp. 756-763 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shua J. Chai ◽  
Bulbulgul Aumakhan ◽  
Mathilda Barnes ◽  
Mary Jett-Goheen ◽  
Nicole Quinn ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Sexually Transmitted Infections ◽  
Sexually Transmitted ◽  
Community Risk ◽  
Community Risk Factors

scholarly journals The long-term effects of modifiable and unmodifiable risk factors of stroke

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (11) ◽  
pp. 4626
Author(s):  
Khaled M. Hassan ◽  
Asala M. Wafa ◽  
Manea S. Alosaimi ◽  
Kawthar A. Bokari ◽  
Mosab A. Alsobhi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Arabian Peninsula ◽  
Modifiable Risk Factors ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Kingdom Of Saudi Arabia ◽  
Mortality And Morbidity ◽  
The Third ◽  
The World

Stroke is a major cerebrovascular disease causes high mortality and morbidity in people around the world. Stroke is the third leading cause of death and the leading cause of adult disability. The largest country in the middle East, the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA), has been occupying approximately four-fifths of the Arabian Peninsula supporting a population of more than 28 million. Stroke is getting to be a quickly expanding issue and is the leading cause of illness and deaths in Saudi Arabia. It is clear that researches and studies regarding the incidence, prevalence and their sociodemographic properties of stroke is still incomplete due to lack of present studies being conducted in these specified areas. This article aims to discuss the aspect of stroke in Saudi Arabia beside the effects of modifiable and the non-modifiable risk factors from the literature published. 

Long-Term Effects of Simvastatin in Hypercholesterolemic Patients with NIDDM and Additional Atherosclerotic Risk Factors

1995 ◽  
Vol 27 (05) ◽  
pp. 239-243 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Kazumi ◽  
G. Yoshino ◽  
A. Ohki ◽  
K. Matsuba ◽  
T. Ino ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Atherosclerotic Risk Factors

The obese patient (metabolic syndrome)

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maarit Korkeila ◽  
Bengt Lindholm ◽  
Peter Stenvinkel
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Chronic Kidney Disease ◽  
Kidney Disease ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Blood Cholesterol ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Reverse Epidemiology ◽  
Increased Risk

Overweight and obesity cause pathophysiological changes in renal function and increase the risk for chronic kidney disease in otherwise healthy subjects. This should not be a surprise as the risk factors for metabolic syndrome largely overlap with those for chronic kidney disease. Intentional weight loss has beneficial effects on risk factors, but long term effects are less clear. Bariatric surgery does seem to achieve rapid benefits on blood pressure and proteinuria as well as on other aspects of metabolic syndrome, but its long term implications for kidney function are less clear cut as there may be an increased risk of nephrolithiasis, and possibly AKI and other complications.Obesity in haemodialysis patients is one of those paradoxical examples of reverse epidemiology where a factor associated with negative outcomes in the general population is associated with better outcomes in dialysis patients. The same is true for high blood cholesterol values. Interpretation is complicated by complex competing outcomes and confounders.

scholarly journals Long Term Effects on Risk Factors for Cardiovascular Disease after 12-Months of Aerobic Exercise Intervention - A Worksite RCT among Cleaners

PLoS ONE ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. e0158547 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mette Korshøj ◽  
Mark Lidegaard ◽  
Peter Krustrup ◽  
Marie Birk Jørgensen ◽  
Karen Søgaard ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Aerobic Exercise ◽  
Exercise Intervention ◽  
Long Term Effects

A Concept for Long-Term Anticoagulation Based On the Individual Risk of Lethal Pulmonary Embolism (PE) and Lethal Bleeding Using Oral Anticoagulants.

Blood ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 114 (22) ◽  
pp. 4174-4174
Author(s):  
Rainer B. Zotz ◽  
Christoph Sucker ◽  
Andrea Gerhardt
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Oral Anticoagulation ◽  
Factor V Leiden ◽  
Bleeding Risk ◽  
Individual Risk ◽  
Factor V ◽  
Benefit Analysis ◽  
Initial Event ◽  
Risk Benefit Analysis

Abstract Abstract 4174 Objectives Indications for an indefinite oral anticoagulation are a matter of debate in patients with a first unprovoked proximal DVT. Methods An individual risk-benefit analysis is made using published prospective studies by determining the patient-specific lethal risk of bleeding under oral anticoagulation compared with the estimation of lethal PE-risk by type of initial thrombosis (spontaneous vs. secondarily caused, with or without PE). Results According to this risk-benefit analysis, long-term oral anticoagulation is indicated to prevent lethal PE in all patients with low risk of bleeding (1% per year, 0.1 % lethal bleeding per year) in the risk group with lethal PE > 0.2 % per year. This risk group includes patients with idiopathic proximal thrombosis and PE in the initial event (also without thrombophilic risk factors) and patients with an idiopathic initial event without PE, who have relevant thrombophilic risk factors with a relative risk ≥ 2, such as antithrombin deficiency, homozygous factor V Leiden or a combined heterozygous factor V Leiden and prothrombin G20210A mutation. In case of a higher bleeding tendency (0.3% lethal bleeding per year in a patient group with 1-2 bleeding risk factors like age >65 or diabetes) other risk-benefit estimations are present. Conclusions Our individual risk stratification is in contrast to current therapy recommendations, which generally consider long-term oral anticoagulation for patients with an idiopathic initial proximal DVT with a low bleeding risk, but do not specify these in individual cases. Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.

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