scholarly journals Aspects of the Biology and Ethnobotany of Parasitic Angiosperm Species In Nigeria

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Odoligie Imarhiagbe
Keyword(s):  
Host Range ◽  
Distribution Patterns ◽  
Parasitic Plants ◽  
Research Attention ◽  
Plant Groups ◽  
The World ◽  
Lifestyle Pattern ◽  
Basic Characteristics ◽  
Angiosperm Species ◽  
Available Information

Parasitic plants continue to gain research attention due to their remarkable lifestyle pattern that clearly cites them as a typical example of a biological oddity. They have defiled the basic characteristics of plants to become dependent on other plants for existence. Aside from their unique heterotrophic mode of feeding, host range and preference, seed germination clues, distribution patterns vary across different parasitic plants, which has partly ensured their presence in virtually every plant community. Among the above-listed factors, host range and preference, in particular, appears to be a major significant factor that shapes their distribution around the world, enabling certain species to thrive in various microclimates. The Nigerian environment has heterogeneous vegetation, traversing mangroves, rainforest, savannah vegetation, and its home to host parasitic plant species, including endemic, natives, and exotic ones. The present chapter gathered and synthesized available information regarding parasitic plants in Nigeria, particularly their biology and the host species supporting their population. Aside from the devastating menace some parasitic plants are known for, this report recognizes their ethnobotanical relevance. Thereby stimulating research interest in these highly specialized plant groups.

scholarly journals Biological Transmission of Arboviruses: Reexamination of and New Insights into Components, Mechanisms, and Unique Traits as Well as Their Evolutionary Trends

2005 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 608-637 ◽  
Author(s):  
Goro Kuno ◽  
Gwong-Jen J. Chang
Keyword(s):  
Biological Sciences ◽  
Host Range ◽  
Disease Transmission ◽  
Evolutionary Process ◽  
Field Research ◽  
Diverse Range ◽  
Unique Mode ◽  
History Of ◽  
Mode Of Transmission ◽  
Available Information

SUMMARY Among animal viruses, arboviruses are unique in that they depend on arthropod vectors for transmission. Field research and laboratory investigations related to the three components of this unique mode of transmission, virus, vector, and vertebrate host, have produced an enormous amount of valuable information that may be found in numerous publications. However, despite many reviews on specific viruses, diseases, or interests, a systematic approach to organizing the available information on all facets of biological transmission and then to interpret it in the context of the evolutionary process has not been attempted before. Such an attempt in this review clearly demonstrates tremendous progress made worldwide to characterize the viruses, to comprehend disease transmission and pathogenesis, and to understand the biology of vectors and their role in transmission. The rapid progress in molecular biologic techniques also helped resolve many virologic puzzles and yielded highly valuable data hitherto unavailable, such as characterization of virus receptors, the genetic basis of vertebrate resistance to viral infection, and phylogenetic evidence of the history of host range shifts in arboviruses. However, glaring gaps in knowledge of many critical subjects, such as the mechanism of viral persistence and the existence of vertebrate reservoirs, are still evident. Furthermore, with the accumulated data, new questions were raised, such as evolutionary directions of virus virulence and of host range. Although many fundamental questions on the evolution of this unique mode of transmission remained unresolved in the absence of a fossil record, available observations for arboviruses and the information derived from studies in other fields of the biological sciences suggested convergent evolution as a plausible process. Overall, discussion of the diverse range of theories proposed and observations made by many investigators was found to be highly valuable for sorting out the possible mechanism(s) of the emergence of arboviral diseases.

Stravinsky as a Russian

Tempo ◽  
1967 ◽  
pp. 5-9
Author(s):  
Pierre Souvtchinsky ◽  
John Warrack
Keyword(s):  
World Wide ◽  
Personal Life ◽  
World Culture ◽  
Russian Culture ◽  
The World ◽  
Basic Characteristics

What can one say, with what words should one address Igor Feodorovich Stravinsky on his eighty-fifth birthday, a day for the greatest rejoicing both in his personal life and in his life as an artist? We must express infinite gratitude to him (but can it be expressed in words?), for it is essential that he should know that notwithstanding his world-wide recognition, he is, and always will be, both as a man and as a composer, one of the great mysteries of world culture, and in particular of Russian culture, a mystery that will live forever, that will always be subject to fresh interpretations and that will always be needed. His secret—which cannot really be explained—is first and foremost the secret of his genius, the mysterious unexpectedness and the marvel of his appearance in the music of Russia and the world. As Tolstoy said: “Genius is that which cannot be called anything else but genius!” Its basic characteristics, moreover, are unpredictability and self-evidence.

scholarly journals Big-eged bugs Geocoris: Diets research and potential of use in prevention of a number of insect pests in Vietnam

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 70-77
Author(s):  
Nguyen Ngoc Bao Chau ◽  
Le Thuy To Nhu
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Agriculture ◽  
Host Plant ◽  
Insect Pests ◽  
Short Review ◽  
Mass Rearing ◽  
Research Attention ◽  
Perennial Crops ◽  
The World ◽  
Agriculture Development

Big-eyed bugs Geocoris spp. (Lygaeidae, Hemiptera) are small insects that is found in many parts of the world. They are beneficial because they eat a multitude of insect pests in agriculture. Big-eyed bugs Geocoris spp. are insects that receive research attention in Florida and elsewhere because of the benefits that this species give to plants (Mead, 2001). Big-eyed bugs reproduce many generations in a year on weeds, perennial crops, bushes. In spring the female big-eyed bugs start laying eggs on the bud, the leaves of the host plant. Understanding the biology and the role of predator Geocoris spp. in ecosystem will provide an alternative method in sustainable agriculture development. In this short review, we discuss some convenient diets for the application of mass rearing Geocoris spp.

scholarly journals СПОЉНОТРГОВИНСКА РАЗМЕНА СРБИЈЕ И ЗНАЧАЈ АГРАРНОГ СЕКТОРА

TEME ◽  
2017 ◽  
pp. 711
Author(s):  
Драгица Божић ◽  
Марија Николић
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Trade ◽  
Comparative Advantage ◽  
Trade Balance ◽  
Total Trade ◽  
Agrarian Sector ◽  
Primary Products ◽  
The World ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Basic Characteristics ◽  
Large Deficit

The foreign trade of the Serbian economy is characterized by a large deficit and unfavourable structure. The importance of the agrarian sector in total trade is reflected in the constant positive trade balance and increasing participation, particularly in export. The aim of the paper is to analyze the basic characteristics of foreign trade of Serbia, as well as to point out the importance of the agrarian sector in the period 2005-2014. In the first part of the paper are analyzed trends of export, import, and the level of openness of Serbian economy. In the following part the structure of export and import is discussed, and the concentration index presented, or the Herfindahl-Hirschmann index, as well as the diversification index which indicates the difference between the structure of Serbian export and import and the international average. In addition to these indicators, the revealed comparative advantage index was calculated. The analysis of foreign trade of Serbian overall economy indicates a significant presence of agricultural and food products in its structure, particularly in export, and confirms that the agrarian sector is one of few sectors with a constant surplus. Determined indicators show that the comparative advantage in the overall economy trade of Serbia with the world is achieved in primary products and products of lower processing phase, of which a significant part is from the agrarian sector. Therefore, in the final part of the paper the participation of the agrarian sector in the total foreign trade of Serbia is shown.

Distinguishing Proactivity From Citizenship Behavior: Similarities and Differences

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wen-Dong Li ◽  
Michael Frese ◽  
Sarah Haidar
Keyword(s):  
Organizational Citizenship ◽  
Organizational Citizenship Behavior ◽  
Citizenship Behavior ◽  
Research Attention ◽  
Discretionary Behaviors ◽  
The World ◽  
Similarities And Differences ◽  
Evolutionary Paths

Organizational citizenship behavior (OCB) and proactivity have garnered a great deal of research attention recently. Some scholars have subsumed proactivity under the concept of OCB because both concepts are based on discretionary behaviors. In this chapter, we want to summarize reasons to differentiate OCB from proactivity. We do this by showing that their functions are different even when they may be correlated, that there are different evolutionary paths for the development of OCB and proactivity, and that there are different biological components. At the same time, we argue that both OCB and proactivity have important evolutionary functions for humans, allowing humans to become a dominate animal in the world. We hope this chapter can spur more research on the intersection between the two constructs.

Bactrocera tryoni (Queensland fruit fly).

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alan Meats
Keyword(s):  
Host Range ◽  
Larval Stage ◽  
Fruit Fly ◽  
Bactrocera Tryoni ◽  
The World ◽  
Horticultural Pest

Abstract B. tryoni, the Queensland fruit fly, is the most costly horticultural pest in Australia and has invaded several countries in the surrounding region (White and Elson-Harris, 1994). It has the potential to spread to many places around the world because of its wide climatic and host range (Meats 1989b; Sutherst et al., 2000) and a tendency to be carried by human travellers at the larval stage inside infested fruit. B. tryoni is a very serious pest of a wide variety of fruits throughout its range. Damage levels can be anything up to 100% of unprotected fruit.

Professional Notes and Comment

PMLA ◽  
1971 ◽  
Vol 86 (2) ◽  
pp. 284-356
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Pilot Study ◽  
Washington State ◽  
Cumulative Index ◽  
Accessible Information ◽  
The World ◽  
Available Information ◽  
Information Bank ◽  
London Stage

London Stage Index and Information Bank. A pilot study is underway at Lawrence Univ. to determine the best way of providing for The London Stage 1660–1800 a cumulative index and computer-accessible information bank. This series, edited by William B. van Lennep (late of Harvard), Emmett L. Avery (Washington State), Arthur H. Scouten (Pennsylvania), Geo. Winchester Stone, Jr. (New York Univ.), and Charles Beecher Hogan (Yale), is an exhaustive calendar of plays, entertainments, after pieces, dancing, and singing, together with casts, box receipts, advertising, contemporary comment, and all available information about scenery, theatre construction, costuming, audiences, management, and production, compiled from the playbills, newspapers, and theatrical diaries of the period. Until its publication, these records, scattered all over the world, were virtually inaccessible. Now, a scholar may turn to this 11-volume, 8,000-page, 3-million-word reference work with the confidence that whatever information is missing concerning the performance of plays in London during this period is not likely to exist.

Grenadiers of the World Oceans: Biology, Stock Assessment, and Fisheries

2008 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Stock Assessment ◽  
Distribution Patterns ◽  
Abundant Species ◽  
Trawl Survey ◽  
Bathymetric Range ◽  
Main Species ◽  
The World ◽  
Species Specific ◽  
Depth Ranges ◽  
Preanal Length

<em>Abstract</em>.—The objective of this study is to describe the distribution patterns of abundance and biomass, on a geographic and bathymetric basis, of the main macrourid species of Mozambique waters. Catch data from a demersal trawl survey (<EM>MOZAMBIQUE 07</EM>) were analyzed. The survey covered the continental shelf and upper-middle slope from 17°00’S to 26°50’S and from 100–700 m depth. Fourteen macrourid species were collected from 200 m and deeper. The most abundant species and the highest in biomass were <em>Coelorinchus braueri</em>, <em>C. trunovi, C. denticulatus</em>, <em>Ventrifossa nasuta</em>, and <em>Malacocephalus laevis</em>. Only those five species were analyzed in detail. The occurrence and yields by geographic and bathymetric range of these main species seem to reveal the existence of some species-specific preference for determinate depth ranges and/or geographic areas. Preanal length-weight relationships were estimated for <em>C. braueri, C. trunovi, </em>and <em>V. nasuta</em>: <em>a</em>= 0.00071; 0.00020; 0.00080; <em>b</em>= 2.50; 2.80; 2.76 and <em>r</em><sup>2</sup>= 0.93; 0.97; 0.78, respectively.

Internet in Marketing Strategy in Greek Tourism Industry

2011 ◽  
pp. 90-104 ◽  
Author(s):  
Irene Samanta
Keyword(s):  
Marketing Strategy ◽  
Tourism Industry ◽  
The Other ◽  
Sources Of Information ◽  
The World ◽  
Inexperienced User ◽  
Available Information ◽  
The Web

The web tourists have the chance to do comparative e – travel shopping from suppliers from all over the world fast and easily. Based on this assumption, the purpose of this study is to examine whether internet is a powerful communicational tool for people over the other forms of gathering information for a destination. Furthermore a main objective is to identify whether the available information in the web can promote adequately Greece. Results of the study confirmed that internet is a powerful communicational tool in tourism industry, as per young people’s perspectives. However, booking a holiday through the web might be tricky for an inexperienced user. The negative aspects of e –bookings are the factors that reinforce the validity of the other sources of information.

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