scholarly journals СПОЉНОТРГОВИНСКА РАЗМЕНА СРБИЈЕ И ЗНАЧАЈ АГРАРНОГ СЕКТОРА

TEME ◽  
2017 ◽  
pp. 711
Author(s):  
Драгица Божић ◽  
Марија Николић
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Trade ◽  
Comparative Advantage ◽  
Trade Balance ◽  
Total Trade ◽  
Agrarian Sector ◽  
Primary Products ◽  
The World ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Basic Characteristics ◽  
Large Deficit

The foreign trade of the Serbian economy is characterized by a large deficit and unfavourable structure. The importance of the agrarian sector in total trade is reflected in the constant positive trade balance and increasing participation, particularly in export. The aim of the paper is to analyze the basic characteristics of foreign trade of Serbia, as well as to point out the importance of the agrarian sector in the period 2005-2014. In the first part of the paper are analyzed trends of export, import, and the level of openness of Serbian economy. In the following part the structure of export and import is discussed, and the concentration index presented, or the Herfindahl-Hirschmann index, as well as the diversification index which indicates the difference between the structure of Serbian export and import and the international average. In addition to these indicators, the revealed comparative advantage index was calculated. The analysis of foreign trade of Serbian overall economy indicates a significant presence of agricultural and food products in its structure, particularly in export, and confirms that the agrarian sector is one of few sectors with a constant surplus. Determined indicators show that the comparative advantage in the overall economy trade of Serbia with the world is achieved in primary products and products of lower processing phase, of which a significant part is from the agrarian sector. Therefore, in the final part of the paper the participation of the agrarian sector in the total foreign trade of Serbia is shown.

scholarly journals Extracting Trading Locus: Where we are in Indo-Nepal Trade?

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 ◽  
pp. 41-53
Author(s):  
Khom Raj Kharel ◽  
Dhan Raj Chalise
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Trade ◽  
Trade Balance ◽  
Significant Contribution ◽  
Trade Agreement ◽  
Total Trade ◽  
Trade Relations ◽  
Analytical Research ◽  
Ancient Times ◽  
Mutual Relations ◽  
Import Trade

Nepal and India have had trade relations since time immemorial. Nepal was known as an exporting nation in the ancient times. Before the trade agreement between Nepal-Britain Treaty in1923, Nepal's trade with India was more than 95 percent. Despite various treaties and agreements between Nepal and India, Nepal's trade with India now accounts for around 65 percent of total trade. Despite the trade and mutual relations between Nepal and India, India has been treating Nepal on the basis of benefits. In different time periods, India has been creating problems in trade and transit, contrary to international norms and trade and transit treaties, under various pretexts. The objective of this paper is to review of Indo-Nepal trade and transit treaties and analyzing the present status. Descritptive and analytical research design is applied and simple statistical tools are used to analyze the growth and direction of foreign trade of Nepal. Linear regression model is applied to measure the total trade with India and total volume of foreign trade of Nepal. This study has found that there has been significant contribution of total trade with India to the total volume of foreign trade of Nepal. The import trade of Nepal with India is extremely high in comparison to export trade and total trade balance and trade balance with India has been increasing with a huge deficit.

A Study of India's Trade Relations with China in WTO Era

2014 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 46-58 ◽  
Author(s):  
Surendar Singh ◽  
R. C. Mishra
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Trade ◽  
Global Economy ◽  
Final Section ◽  
Economic Structure ◽  
Major Change ◽  
Total Trade ◽  
Trade Relations ◽  
The World ◽  
India And China

China's joining of WTO in 2001 has completely changed its economic structure and its entry in WTO proved to be a landmark event in the global economy. As a result, China's trade relations with the world have improved significantly particularly with India. Both, India and China are the fastest growing economies in the world since they have grown at rate of 8% and 10% GDP respectively. The total trade between India and China was reached to $60 billion in 2010. However, the major change in the trade relations between India and China has come after China's joining of WTO in 2001. In the above background, this paper is divided into three parts. The first part of the paper examines the direction of foreign trade of China after becoming a member of WTO and, the second part analyzes India's trade relations with China (Pre and Post China's joining of WTO). The final section of the paper delineates the major constraints between India and China for improving trade relations.

scholarly journals Pozycja konkurencyjna Polski na światowym rynku zagęszczonego soku jabłkowego

2018 ◽  
pp. 71-81
Author(s):  
Paweł Kraciński
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Advantage ◽  
Trade Balance ◽  
Apple Juice ◽  
Revealed Comparative Advantage ◽  
Competitive Position ◽  
The World ◽  
Juice Concentrate ◽  
Revealed Comparative Advantage Index ◽  
Apple Juice Concentrate

The aim of the study was to establish the competitive position of Poland on the market of apple juice concentrate in the years 2004–20015 and compare it with the position of competitors. The research used the trade balance, share in the word exports, revealed comparative advantage index (RCA) and revealed comparative export advantage index (XRCA). In the analyzed period Poland was the second biggest exporter of apple juice concentrate in the world, preceded only by China. The applied measures showed that export from Poland was competitive. The trade balance of apple juice concentrate from Poland increased in the years 2004–2015. In the analyzed period Poland’s share in international export increased as well. The revealed comparative export advantage index showed that in years 2004–2015 Poland had an average and strong comparative advantage in apple juice concentrate exports, while China’s comparative advantage was strong. The strongest comparative advantage in years 2013–2015 was obtained by Moldova and Ukraine.

scholarly journals Trends in the Development of Ukraine’s Foreign Trade in Goods in the Context of the COVID-19 Pandemic

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (519) ◽  
pp. 30-36
Author(s):  
A. I. Kondratenko ◽  
◽  
D. I. Babmindra ◽  
I. M. Slobodianyk ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Trade ◽  
Trade Balance ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Supply And Demand ◽  
Positive Trend ◽  
Export Structure ◽  
Geographical Structure ◽  
Foreign Countries ◽  
The World ◽  
Commodity Export

The article discusses and analyzes the volumes of Ukraine’s foreign trade in goods in 2019-2020. A positive trend regarding the foreign trade balance on trade in Ukrainian goods is allocated. It is found that there was a decrease in exports and imports of goods during the researched period. The commodity structure of Ukraine’s foreign trade is analyzed. Changes in the commodity export structure in 2020 compared to 2019 have been identified. The main groups of goods that Ukraine exports and imports the most when trading with foreign countries are allocated. The groups of goods whose export and import volumes have undergone the greatest changes in 2020 and as compared to 2019 are allocated. The geographical structure of foreign trade in Ukrainian goods is analyzed. Changes in the geographical structure of exports in 2020 compared to 2019 are determined. It is specified, which countries are the largest importers of Ukrainian goods and from which countries Ukraine imports the most goods. The countries in terms of the largest changes as to the foreign trade with them in 2020 compared to 2019 are allocated. It is determined that the most important reason for changes in the volume of foreign trade in Ukrainian goods in 2020 compared to 2019 was the COVID-19 pandemic. The global impact of the coronavirus pandemic on the world economy and human life in general is noted. The main changes in the economy and society, which caused changes in the volume of foreign trade in Ukrainian goods, as well as the main reasons for the change in supply and demand, which are typical for all countries of the world, are allocated. The main directions of the State’s assistance to increase the volume of exports of goods from Ukraine in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic are defined. The negative and positive changes in Ukraine’s foreign trade caused by the coronavirus pandemic are characterized.

scholarly journals Comparative Advantage Analysis and Products Mapping of Indonesia, Malaysia, Philippines, Singapore, Thailand, and Vietnam Export Products

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Akhmad Jayadi JDE
Keyword(s):  
World Bank ◽  
Comparative Advantage ◽  
Trade Balance ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
The World ◽  
Analytical Tools ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Export Product ◽  
Balance Index

The research aims to answer some questions. First, what kind of export product groups that the six countries have comparative advantage? Second, is therea shifting on its comparative advantage? Third, what is the relationship between six countries? Data used in this study is secondary data which published by the World Integrated Solution (WITS) of World Bank, from 1997 to 2014. Analytical tools applied are products mapping using Revealed Symmetric Comparative Advantage (RSCA) and Trade Balance Index (TBI). The results of this study showed as follows: first, on average, the comparative advantage of six countries increase. Second, Thailand and Vietnam’s comparative advantage and trade balance changes seems more dynamic than those of other four countries. Third, there is competition and complementary amongst six countries. 

scholarly journals ASSESSMENT OF THE COMPARATIVE ADVANTAGE IN POLISH FOREIGN TRADE IN FOOD AND NON-FOOD PRODUCTS ON THE WORLD AND EUROPEAN UNION MARKET

2019 ◽  
Vol XXI (1) ◽  
pp. 92-100
Author(s):  
Iwona Szczepaniak
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Foreign Trade ◽  
Comparative Advantage ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Food Products ◽  
Relative Advantage ◽  
Trade Surplus ◽  
The World ◽  
Polish Foreign ◽  
The Eu

The progressive processes of globalisation, integration and liberalisation of economies are the reason for which the competitiveness of economic entities is increasingly analysed in the context of their links with the international market. One of the ways to assess competitiveness is to analyse the comparative (relative) advantage in trade in products of a given economic sector. The objective of the article is to assess the comparative advantage in Polish foreign trade in food and non-food products, both in total Polish trade and with European Union Member States. The studies used the RTA relative trade advantage index. The data source was the WITS-Comtrade commercial database. The studies show that, in the years 2004-2017, there was a rapid development of Polish foreign trade in food products, in particular with the EU, resulting in a high trade surplus. Trade in non-food products grew more slowly, and the trade balance was negative. It is shown that Poland had a comparative advantage and was competitive on the world market (also on the EU market) in trade in these products, but did not have such an advantage in total trade in non-food products. The results obtained indicate international competitiveness of the Polish food sector and its large importance for national trade and payment balance.

scholarly journals India’s Foreign Trade – An Overview

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Manoj Mishra
Keyword(s):  
Structural Change ◽  
Foreign Trade ◽  
Trade Balance ◽  
Total Export ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Total Import ◽  
The World ◽  
Important Trading Partner ◽  
Result Show

Export-Play, Important Role of any country’s business India is one among these countries that have been exporting a large number of product and raw material to other countries to earn economy wealth. India is 19th largest export economy. India’s overall, export- in 2019-20 was US $ 313138.5 million and total import was US $ 473995.2 million and trade balance was US $ 160856.7 million. The main object of the paper is to analyse the structural change in foreign trade- Under new Exim policy. The period of the study is from 2010-11 to 2019-20. The result shows that USA, UAE, Hongkong, UK, Germany, Saudi Arbia and China accounted from more than 40% of export from India at the world level. India total export which was US $ 330078.1 million in the year 2018-19 decline to US $ 313138.5 million in the year 2019-20. The total export from India decreased by 5.13% from the year 2018-19 to year 2019-20. In the year 2019-20 the share in total export from India to USA is 16.95%, UAE 9.21%, China 5.30%, Hongkong 3.50%, UK 2.79%, Germany 2.64%, and Saudi Arbia 1.99%. India’s total import in the year 2019-20 was US $ 473995.2 million which China contributed by 37.76%, USA 7.52%, Saudi Ariba 3.60%, Hongkong 3.5%, UAE .38% and Germany 2.81%,. The result show that USA is most important trading partner followed by UAE an UK, Hongkong, China and other countries.

scholarly journals Foreign Trade Situation of Nepal

2016 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 78-82
Author(s):  
Shiva Sharan Shrestha
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Trade ◽  
Trade Balance ◽  
Average Rate ◽  
Growth Direction ◽  
Annual Rate ◽  
Annual Average ◽  
The World

This study analyzes the growth, direction and trade balance of Nepal’s foreign trade for the period 2005/6 to 2014/15. The study finds that the import has grown rapidly (at an annual average rate of 17%) and the import at snail’s pace (at an annual rate of 4%) over the study period. As a result the trade balance is negative and growing every year. Such a trend can’t sustain for long. Further, Nepal’s foreign trade is too much dependent (exceeding two-third of both export and import) on India which needs to be diversified to rest of the world.

scholarly journals Direction and Problems of Foreign Trade in Nepal

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 143-152
Author(s):  
Shashikala Sharma
Keyword(s):  
International Trade ◽  
Foreign Trade ◽  
Trade Balance ◽  
Quantitative Data ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Fiscal Year ◽  
Trade Expansion ◽  
Secondary Sources ◽  
Goods And Services ◽  
The World

 Foreign trade or international trade is the transaction of goods and services between two or more countries. It plays a vital role in developing the economy of a country. The purpose of this study was to identify the direction and problems of foreign trade in Nepal, and to find out the possibilities of foreign trade expansion of the period from fiscal year 2011/12 to 2018/19. The study used quantitative data collected from secondary sources consulting physical library and internet. It was found in the study that most of the foreign trade of Nepal is directed to India. It was also found that there was deficit trade balance as there was decreasing export and increasing imports. As a result, the trade balance is negative and growing every year. Further, the foreign trade in Nepal is highly dependent with India which needs to be diversified to rest of the world.

scholarly journals The analysis of today situation on the market of the agricultural machines

2007 ◽  
Vol 55 (6) ◽  
pp. 243-254
Author(s):  
Šárka Stojarová ◽  
Zuzana Schwarzová
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Czech Republic ◽  
Trade Balance ◽  
The European Union ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Subsidy Policy ◽  
The World ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Agricultural Machines

The paper is dealing with the analysis of the market of agricultural machines in the Czech Republic. The part of the article is focused on export and import development of agricultural machines between Czech Republic, EU countries and the other countries of the world. The trade balance progress of agricultural machines is analyzed for Czech market as well. In the article the possible opportunities for the Czech exporters, which concern Danish, Spanish, and Polish market, are also emphasized. The part of the analysis is also focused on the area of subsidy policy for Czech agricultural subjects. The analysis of subsidies deals with the opportunity of financial supports by the Czech government and by the European Union. The difference in subsidy policy for Czech Republic before and after the entering the European Union is also mentioned.

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