Why Family Savings and Investing in Children Matter to the Economy

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yue Chim Richard Wong
Keyword(s):  
Hong Kong ◽  
Financial Regulation ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
State Intervention ◽  
Divorce Laws ◽  
Child Policy ◽  
The Family ◽  
Marriage Laws ◽  
The One ◽  
Economic Vitality

Enhancing and protecting the family’s investment in children is central to China’s long-term economic vitality and growth and to rebalancing its economy away from investment and towards consumption. Important steps in that direction may include reforming divorce laws, repealing the one-child policy, liberalizing banking and financial markets, and supplying more low-cost housing using the Singapore approach, which allows subsidized homes to be resold (not the Hong Kong approach, whereby most people in public housing are tenants without title to the property). In Hong Kong and on the Mainland, state intervention through marriage laws, government housing programs, financial regulation, and old age retirement schemes have had a large detrimental impact on how families save, have children, and invest in them. Is it surprising that the family is in demise?Fortunately, the family is fighting to survive, because there is no alternative. The experience of Western industrialized economies offers lessons in what to avoid, not embrace, as many in Hong Kong think.

The only-child premium and moderation by social origin: Educational stratification in post-reform China

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 384-409
Author(s):  
Haowen Zheng
Keyword(s):  
Control Policy ◽  
Social Origin ◽  
Birth Cohorts ◽  
Only Child ◽  
Child Policy ◽  
The Family ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The One ◽  
Birth Control Policy ◽  
Critical Grade

The One Child Policy initiated in the late 1970s created a birth cohort with an unusually high proportion of only children. This paper examines the relationship between being the only child in the family and educational attainment, as well as its potential variations by social origin. Drawing my sample from the China Family Panel Studies, I compare two birth cohorts born before and after the birth-control policy. Results show that in the younger cohort, being the only child in the family produces a premium in educational outcomes, including years of completed schooling and odds of progressing through critical grade transitions. In addition, I observe a pattern that the only-child premium tends to be larger for people with higher social origins in competitive grade transitions.

The Child Psychiatric Patient Database System of the Chinese University of Hong Kong

1987 ◽  
Vol 26 (04) ◽  
pp. 195-200 ◽  
Author(s):  
C K. Wong
Keyword(s):  
Hong Kong ◽  
Psychiatric Patient ◽  
Database System ◽  
Semistructured Interview ◽  
Family Approach ◽  
Chinese University ◽  
Child Psychiatric ◽  
The Family ◽  
Patient Database ◽  
The One

SummaryAn original child psychiatric patient database system developed in Hong Kong is reported. The system was developed mainly to meet the dilemma of the local working setting, namely heavy clinical and teaching commitments on the one hand and, on the other hand, the failure to make use of the massive and invaluable clinical materials for research purposes because there was no proper collection of data. The system was designed for routine clinical purposes with strong emphasis on practicability, and yet it also allows the systematic, comprehensive and prospective collection of clinical data. The first part of the system is a semistructured interview schedule which reflects the author’s usual style of interview, especially his preference for the family approach. Data are collected in two forms - a precoded and readily analyzable form, and a descriptive and non-coded form. The second part of the system is a computer program for converting the raw data to medical records. Some preliminary experience of using the system is also discussed. The system may easily be modified to suit different clinical styles and settings.

The Influence of the Rules of Succession on the Structure of Hungarian and German Families of Southern Transdanubia in the Early 20th Century

2019 ◽  
Vol 80 ◽  
pp. 99-117
Author(s):  
Dóra Frey
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Rural Population ◽  
18Th Century ◽  
German Population ◽  
Family Structures ◽  
Child Policy ◽  
The Family ◽  
Hungarian Population ◽  
Single Child ◽  
The One

The topic of the article is the influence of the rules and customs of succession on the family structures and life strategies in Southern Transdanubia. At the beginning of the 20th century, scientists and the local administration observed significant differences between the demographical structures of the Hungarian and German inhabitants in both Tolna and Baranya counties. While a significant part of the Hungarian rural population followed the “single-child-policy” (“egyke” in Hungarian), German families in the same area did not have this concept. It was observed, that the villages with families following the singlechild-policy kept losing population and were endangered by a demographical collapse. Seeking the reasons behind the single-child-policy, the rules of succession were identified as the main difference between the Hungarian and German population. The German population practiced the so-called primogeniture (Anerbenrecht), probably brought along from the early 18th century Southern Germany, meaning that one single successor inherits the entire land asset of the family. In contrast, the custom of the Hungarian population was a proportional succession. As all heirs inherited part of the land asset, it fragmented from generation to generation. To avoid this, the rural population developed the singlechild-policy, which, on the one hand, was very effective in preventing the fragmentation of family assets and became an unwritten law in several villages, but on the other hand it caused radical demographical changes. Different measures to prevent the single-child policy didn’t have a markable effect.

Femininity and masculinity in Chinese culture

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 30-49
Author(s):  
Wang Huan
Keyword(s):  
Chinese Culture ◽  
Sexual Pleasure ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
One Child Policy ◽  
Child Policy ◽  
The Family ◽  
Femininity And Masculinity ◽  
Ancient Times ◽  
The One ◽  
Population Numbers

n traditional Chinese culture, the concepts of femininity and masculinity are “plural categories” which are based on family and society, hence they are not clearly distinguished nor opposite to each other. In ancient times, people valued the power of women, channelling it by saying that women should devote themselves to benefiting the state. Meanwhile, society oppressed women by limiting them to their marital homes in order to eradicate men’s unconscious fear of the destructive side of feminine power. On the other hand, for Chinese men, sexual pleasure and aggression were unwelcome, while the mother–son relationship was most important within the family, and comradeship and brotherhood between men another important aspect of relationships. Profoundly mutual relationships were not encouraged between men and women in ancient China. Even until now, all men and women and their intimate relationships have been in the service of politics. The interests of the family and state are placed above individual interests. However, the one-child policy, as the product of government decision based on population numbers rather than human factors, and implemented by coercion, has produced a generation of empowered daughters and “little emperors” who increasingly value and appreciate individualism. The new generations must learn how to develop new forms of mutuality between the partners, with evolving implications for masculinity and femininity.

Fertility and some determinants of fertility decline in Huaibei Plain, Anhui province, China, 1982

1987 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 323-344 ◽  
Author(s):  
Quanhe Yang
Keyword(s):  
Family Planning ◽  
Fertility Decline ◽  
Marital Fertility ◽  
Anhui Province ◽  
Younger Women ◽  
One Child Policy ◽  
Child Policy ◽  
The Family ◽  
The One ◽  
Contraceptive Practice

SummaryThis paper examines the level and trend of fertility in Huaibei Plain, Anhui province, China, since 1950 and considers some determinants of fertility decline. The data used are from the 1/1000 survey of China which was conducted by the Family Planning Commission in 1982.Fertility decline among younger women (aged under 30) is largely due to later age at marriage, the marriage pattern of Huaibei Plain having changed from early and universal marriage to later and universal marriage. Current use of contraception suggests that the family planning programme, in particular the one-child policy (1979), has been the major determinant in fertility decline. The greatest decline in marital fertility occurred among women aged 35+ and is primarily due to contraceptive practice and induced abortion.

scholarly journals BENTUK PERKAWINAN MATRIARKI PADA MASYARAKAT HINDU BALI DITINJAU DARI PERSPEKTIF HUKUM ADAT DAN KESETARAAN GENDER

2016 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ni Ketut Sari Adnyani
Keyword(s):  
Young Women ◽  
General Public ◽  
Policy Formulation ◽  
First Year ◽  
Model Reconstruction ◽  
The Family ◽  
Second Year ◽  
Marriage Laws ◽  
The One ◽  
Parental Marriage

Abstrak Secara umum penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengembangkan model hukum perkawinan berorientasi gender berbasis desa adat Hindu Bali. Penelitian ini akan dilakukan selama 3 tahun, yaitu dari tahun 2015 sampai dengan tahun 2016. Luaran penelitian selama tiga tahun dapat dijabarkan sebagai berikut: (1) luaran tahun I (2015) terdiri adalah artikel ilmiah di jurnal terakreditasi, dan draft buku ajar hukum waris pengaruh dari perkawinan berorientasi gender berbasis desa adat Hindu Bali. (2) luaran tahun II (2016) terdiri adalah artikel ilmiah di jurnal nasional terakreditasi, dan buku ajar terkait dengan hukum waris pengaruh dari perkawinan berorientasi gender berbasis desa adat Hindu Bali, dan artikel ilmiah di jurnal internasional. Hasil penelitian bentuk perkawinan matriarki di beberapa daerah di provinsi Bali seperti Buleleng, Tabanan, Gianyar, telah dijumpai penerapannya dalam masyarakat, sedangkan, di beberapa daerah lain seperti Jembrana, Klungkung, dan Bangli masih menolak bentuk perkawinan nyentana (nyeburin) yang secara proses menyerupai perkawinan matriarki, namun menurut esensinya status putrika pada anak perempuan yang menjadi sentana rajeg sudah didaulat berdasarkan pauman krama sebagai purusa (status laki-laki) penerus keturunan keluarga. Beberapa daerah lain seperti Karangasem, dan Kodya Denpasar, di satu sisi pada umumnya masyarakat menganut bentuk perkawinan patriarki, tapi dalam prakteknya tidak dapat dipungkiri ada beberapa desa seperti Tianyar, dan Abang di wilayah kabupaten Karangasem yang dijumpai telah melaksanakan bentuk perkawinan matriarki. Dikaitkan dengan pewarisan, pengaruh bentuk perkawinan matriarki terhadap anak perempuan yang semula bukan sebagai ahli waris dapat menjadi ahli waris terhadap harta orang tuanya. Implikasinya putrika mempunyai kewenangan yang sama dengan laki-laki untuk mewarisi harta kekayaan dan sanggah (tempat suci keluarga) sebagaimana layaknya laki-laki. Model rekonstruksi kebijakan perkawinan yang direkomendasikan oleh peneliti menjawab permasalahan di lapangan adalah penerapan model formulasi kebijakan perkawinan parental (Pada Gelahang). Kata Kunci: perkawinan, matriarki, gender. Abstract In general, this study aims to develop a model of marriage laws gender-oriented village-based traditional Hindu Bali. This study will be conducted over three years, from 2015 until 2016. The output of the study for three years can be described as follows: (1) outputs the first year (2015) is composed of scientific articles in accredited journals and textbooks draft law of inheritance the influence of gender-oriented marriage of traditional village-based Hindu Bali. (2) The outcome of the second year (2016) is composed of scientific articles in accredited national journals, and textbooks related to inheritance laws the influence of gender-oriented marital village-based traditional Balinese Hindu and scientific articles in international journals. The results of the study form of marriage matriarki in some areas in the province of Bali as Buleleng, Tabanan, Gianyar, has found its application in society, whereas, in some other areas such as Jembrana, Klungkung and Bangli still refuse forms of marriage nyentana (nyeburin) which process resembles marriage matriarki, but according to its essence putrika status in young women who become Rajeg cemetery has been asked by pauman manners as purusa (status male) successor to the family lineage. Several other areas such as Karangasem, and Denpasar municipality, on the one hand to the general public embrace patriarchal forms of marriage, but in practice there is no doubt there are some villages like Tianyar, and brother in the district of Karangasem who are found to carry out the marriage form matriarki. Associated with inheritance, marriage forms matriarki effect against girls which was originally not as heirs may be heir to the wealth of their parents. , The implication putrika have the same authority as men to inherit wealth and corrected (sanctum family) as befits a man. Model reconstruction marriage policy recommended by researchers to answer the problem in the field is the application of the model policy formulation parental marriage (In Gelahang). Keywords: marriage, matriarki, gender.

Murder with Impunity: The Construction of Arab Masculinities and Honor Crimes

1970 ◽  
pp. 38-45
Author(s):  
May Abu Jaber
Keyword(s):  
Violence Against Women ◽  
Social Boundaries ◽  
Religious Institutions ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Family ◽  
The Media ◽  
The One ◽  
Male Authority ◽  
Cultural Networks ◽  
Gender Specific

Violence against women (VAW) continues to exist as a pervasive, structural,systematic, and institutionalized violation of women’s basic human rights (UNDivision of Advancement for Women, 2006). It cuts across the boundaries of age, race, class, education, and religion which affect women of all ages and all backgrounds in every corner of the world. Such violence is used to control and subjugate women by instilling a sense of insecurity that keeps them “bound to the home, economically exploited and socially suppressed” (Mathu, 2008, p. 65). It is estimated that one out of every five women worldwide will be abused during her lifetime with rates reaching up to 70 percent in some countries (WHO, 2005). Whether this abuse is perpetrated by the state and its agents, by family members, or even by strangers, VAW is closely related to the regulation of sexuality in a gender specific (patriarchal) manner. This regulation is, on the one hand, maintained through the implementation of strict cultural, communal, and religious norms, and on the other hand, through particular legal measures that sustain these norms. Therefore, religious institutions, the media, the family/tribe, cultural networks, and the legal system continually disciplinewomen’s sexuality and punish those women (and in some instances men) who have transgressed or allegedly contravened the social boundaries of ‘appropriateness’ as delineated by each society. Such women/men may include lesbians/gays, women who appear ‘too masculine’ or men who appear ‘too feminine,’ women who try to exercise their rights freely or men who do not assert their rights as ‘real men’ should, women/men who have been sexually assaulted or raped, and women/men who challenge male/older male authority.

Drug Target Group Prediction with Multiple Drug Networks

2020 ◽  
Vol 23 (4) ◽  
pp. 274-284 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jingang Che ◽  
Lei Chen ◽  
Zi-Han Guo ◽  
Shuaiqun Wang ◽  
Aorigele
Keyword(s):  
Drug Target ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Machine Learning Algorithms ◽  
Classification Model ◽  
Support Vector ◽  
Multiple Drug ◽  
Property A ◽  
Multiple Networks ◽  
Proposed Model ◽  
The One

Background: Identification of drug-target interaction is essential in drug discovery. It is beneficial to predict unexpected therapeutic or adverse side effects of drugs. To date, several computational methods have been proposed to predict drug-target interactions because they are prompt and low-cost compared with traditional wet experiments. Methods: In this study, we investigated this problem in a different way. According to KEGG, drugs were classified into several groups based on their target proteins. A multi-label classification model was presented to assign drugs into correct target groups. To make full use of the known drug properties, five networks were constructed, each of which represented drug associations in one property. A powerful network embedding method, Mashup, was adopted to extract drug features from above-mentioned networks, based on which several machine learning algorithms, including RAndom k-labELsets (RAKEL) algorithm, Label Powerset (LP) algorithm and Support Vector Machine (SVM), were used to build the classification model. Results and Conclusion: Tenfold cross-validation yielded the accuracy of 0.839, exact match of 0.816 and hamming loss of 0.037, indicating good performance of the model. The contribution of each network was also analyzed. Furthermore, the network model with multiple networks was found to be superior to the one with a single network and classic model, indicating the superiority of the proposed model.

scholarly journals Personality and Dementia: an Approach to Differential Profile of the Caregiver

2011 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 85-94
Author(s):  
Elena de Andrés-Jiménez ◽  
Rosa Mª Limiñana-Gras ◽  
Encarna Fernández-Ros
Keyword(s):  
Relevant Information ◽  
Personality Profile ◽  
Family Carers ◽  
Psychological Variables ◽  
People With Dementia ◽  
The Family ◽  
Study Population ◽  
The One ◽  
The Impact

The aim of this study is to determine the existence of a characteristic personality profile of family carers of people with dementia. The correct knowledge and use of psychological variables which affect the carer, helps to promote appropriate actions to mitigate the impact of care and improve the carer’s quality of life and likewise the one of the person cared for. The study population consists of 69 family carers of people with dementia, members of various associations and care centers. The results allow us to identify a characteristic personality profile for these carers and it reveals a specific psychological working in this sample, although we cannot directly relate it with the tasks of caring for people with this disease, this profile gives us very relevant information to pay more attention to the needs of this group. Moreover, the analysis of personality styles depends on the sex of the family carer, showing, once again, that the woman is in a situation of most vulnerability.

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