scholarly journals Risk Assessment of Addiction and Tobacco Misuse in Community of the Rural Older Adult, Using Monte Carlo Simulation Sampling

2020 ◽  
Vol In Press (In Press) ◽  
Author(s):  
Elham Rezaian ◽  
Masoud Karimi ◽  
Ebrahim Nazari Far ◽  
Mahsa Yarelahi ◽  
Abdolrahim Asadollahi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Monte Carlo Simulation ◽  
Monte Carlo ◽  
Marital Status ◽  
Sample Size ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Risky Behaviors ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Snowball Sampling ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Significant Difference

Background: Illegal drug abuse is an important challenge that is not adequately addressed with respect to gerontology in rural areas. Patients and Methods: In this cross-sectional study 641 people aged 60 years or older supported by rural health centers in Southern Iran were investigated (310 and 331 men and women, respectively). To take a sample size of 326, snowball sampling was used. Then, the sample size was developed and simulated to 1.65 million rural elderly using the Monte Carlo simulation and bootstrapping technique (upon the 2016 national census), calculated in SPSS V.25. The ASSIST-WHO, 2017 instrument was used to collect the data. Results: A significant difference was found between the mean sub-variables of marital status using the MANOVA. Widowhood and divorce had more impact on the tendency to addiction compared to the other factors on marital status. Nomads and farmers were more vulnerable to be addicted than those occupied in the public sector. It was also confirmed by the Eta2 coefficient that older men feeling loneliness have a higher tendency to commit risky behaviors. Conclusions: Being a nomad or framer and widowhood and divorce increased the tendency of male elderly towards illegal drugs. Further studies are required to develop guidelines for policy-makers concerning the rural aging community.

scholarly journals Health status of househelps living in the semi-urban area of Goa

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (12) ◽  
pp. 5989
Author(s):  
Aadini V. Prabhu ◽  
Hemangini K. Shah
Keyword(s):  
Health Status ◽  
Urban Area ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Statistical Tests ◽  
Working Hours ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Snowball Sampling ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Number Of Children ◽  
Significant Difference

Background: The world’s population is on the rise and so is the need for good housing and job opportunities. This has led to an increase in the number and overcrowding of existing slums which lack reliable sanitation and hygiene. People who work as househelps take on the responsibilities of the households where they work and their own families. The study was undertaken to determine the health status and quality of life of househelps residing in Goa.Methods: A Community based cross sectional study was carried out among househelps living in the semi-urban area of Goa. Participants were selected via snowball sampling. Information was collected through a predetermined questionnaire and via medical examination, after initial briefing. The data was compiled; analyzed and appropriate statistical tests were applied.Results: Marriage before 20 years of age was noted in majority (70.2%). Poor housing standards were noticed in 94%.64% had increased working hours. 80% of the househelps had health complaints of backache, menstrual problems, fever. Statistically significant difference was observed between daily working hours and morbidity, and between age of marriage and number of children. Number of children and morbidity also showed significant statistical relationship.Conclusions: The study highlights the problems faced by the domestic helps which can be tackled by implementing laws which recognize them as a part of the organized sector, holding health camps in rural areas, increasing awareness about the diseases spread in an unhygienic environment.

scholarly journals Prevalence of anxiety disorder among workers with cancer in Amman, Jordan

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdel Rahman Aref Ali Abu Shreea ◽  
Lee Khuan ◽  
Sharifah Norkhadijah Syed Ismail ◽  
Nasrudin Subhi ◽  
Sobuh (Moh’d Sobhi) Ahmad Abu-Shanab ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Anxiety Disorder ◽  
Marital Status ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sample Population ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Long Term Conditions ◽  
Cancer Data ◽  
Patients With Cancer ◽  
Significant Difference

AbstractIntroductionCancer is now being recognised as a long term conditions due to advances in treatments that increase the survival rate of patients with cancer to as long as 10 years from the time of the disease. Anxiety is among the commonly discovered psychiatric illness in patients with cancer and is often neglected. Approximately 10% of patients with cancer are affected with anxiety worldwide. Hence, this study was aimed to determine the prevalence of anxiety disorder and its associated factors among workers with cancer in Jordanian population.MethodsA cross-sectional study was conducted at the King Husain Cancer Centre (KHCC) in Amman, Jordan. Proportional sampling technique was used to obtain the sample population of 355 workers with cancer. Data were collected through self-administered Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD-7) questionnaire and analyses were carried out using SPSS version 25.ResultsResponse rate of 100% were obtained from the participants. Prevalence of anxiety disorder among workers with cancer was recorded at 20.8% with male (23.1%) having the higher prevalence rate than female (17.3%) workers with cancers. A significant difference in anxiety between marital status (p=0.025), types of cancer (p=0.001), treatment types (p=0.024) were observed. A multiple regression was run to predict anxiety disorder from marital status, type of cancer and treatment types. These variables statistically significantly predicted anxiety disorder [F(3, 351) = 8.117, p < .001, R2 = 0.225].ConclusionThere is high prevalent of anxiety disorder among workers with cancer in Jordan. Predictors of anxiety among workers with cancer were also identified in this report.

The Evaluation of the Awareness, Attitude and Practice of the Elderly Toward Self-Medication: A Cross-Sectional Study

Drug Research ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 68 (08) ◽  
pp. 475-480
Author(s):  
Mohammad Heidari ◽  
Mansureh Borujeni ◽  
Mansour Ghafourifard ◽  
Rahim Sheikhi
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Average Score ◽  
Self Medication ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Attitudes And Practices ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Urban And Rural Areas

Abstract Introduction The prevalence of various diseases in the elderly has increased the use of drugs, which is coupled with age-related physiological changes and places the elderly at risk for multiple side effects. The present study aimed to determine awareness, attitudes and practices of elderly towards self-medication. Materials and Methods The sample included 300 participants over 60 years under any of the health centers in urban and rural areas of Abadeh city, who were selected based on stratified random sampling method. In order to collect data, the questionnaire including demographic information, awareness, attitude and performance of the elderly and the checklist of drug intractable consumption. Results Based on the results, 76% of the elderly reported drug consumption. Regarding lifestyle, the average score of the elderly’s awareness for the elderly who lived with and without families were 78.6±14.2 and 69.2±13.6, respectively. In other words, a significant difference was observed between these two groups. In addition, there was a significant between the elderly’s performance score with and without family members about the self-medication (p=0.001). Conclusion Considering the increase in self-medication among the elderly, adherence to prescription criteria for drug among this age group is recommended. Finally, designing and implementing various educational programs in health education center is necessary for the elderly and their families for the purpose of improving awareness and practice.

scholarly journals Menstrual hygiene awareness, management and challenges among adolescent girls in rural areas in Ambala, India

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (6) ◽  
pp. 2916
Author(s):  
Varidhi Thaman ◽  
Anjana Mittal ◽  
Ishika Chitkara ◽  
Prerna Chahal
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Menstrual Hygiene ◽  
Validated Questionnaire ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Animated Film ◽  
School Girls ◽  
Sanitary Pads ◽  
Girl Students

Background: The present study was undertaken to encourage articulation of needs and problems of adolescent school girls in rural areas in Ambala district, India, advancing good menstrual hygiene and generating evidence on menstrual hygiene awareness, management and challenges.Methods: This study was an observational cross-sectional study, conducted from July to September 2018, in two rural schools (school 1 and school 2) in Ambala, Haryana, India. A structured pre validated questionnaire was administered to the group of participating girl subjects of 11- 17 years; the questionnaire was explained to them, followed by a short animated film ‘Mythri’ in Hindi of 20 minutes imparting knowledge on MHM. The data was analyzed and the report was presented to the schools with recommendations.Results: We observed better MHM facilities in school 2 than school 1. Provision of good infrastructure and MHM facilities in schools, reduces the absenteeism of girls during menstruation. A statistically significant difference in girl students absenteeism for an average of 2.15 (66.66%) days/ month in school 1, and an average of 1.44 (21.05%) days/month in school 2 is reported. Sanitary pads usage of 50%-83% girls is reported; this may probably be because of percolation of information and knowledge about good hygienic ways. Disposal of absorbent material still poses a big issue. Social taboos were reported by 84.44% girls in school 1 and by only 32.89% girls in school 2.Conclusions: The insights from our study suggests a better MHM education in schools to create more awareness, judicious allocation of resources in schools, providing better infrastructure and basic support to manage menses effectively and with dignity.

scholarly journals Sleep Disordered Breathing: An Epidemiological Study among Albanian Children and Adolescents

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (22) ◽  
pp. 8586
Author(s):  
Yllka Abazi ◽  
Fabian Cenko ◽  
Marianna Cardella ◽  
Gjergji Tafa ◽  
Giuseppina Laganà
Keyword(s):  
Public Schools ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Sleep Disordered Breathing ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Prevalence Studies ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Disordered Breathing

Sleep Disordered Breathing (SDB) comprises a group of diseases characterized by alterations in the frequency and/or depth of breathing during sleep. The aim of this study was to investigate the frequency of SDB in a group of Albanian children and adolescents and to describe its social, physiological, psychological, sleep-related, and anthropometric risk factors, in relation to the sociodemographic situation. A total of 6087 participants (mean age: 10.42 years, range: 6 to 15 years, 52.3% females and 47.7% males) attending public schools all over Albania took part in the cross-sectional study. On a sample of 6087 questionnaires distributed, 4702 (77.25% of the original sample) were returned and included in the study. High risk status for SDB was assessed using the Paediatric Sleep Questionnaire (PSQ). The prevalence of SDB was 7.9%. No statistically significant difference was found for gender at high risk for SBD. Compared to participants living in urban aeras (7.3%), participants living in rural areas (10.4%) reported significantly higher SDB prevalence rates. No other significant correlations were detected between the high-risk subjects and the age. The prevalence of the subjects at high risk of SBD obese participants (20.8%) was statistically higher than among nonobese ones (6.3%). SDB is highly prevalent in Albanian growing population and further prevalence studies are recommended.

scholarly journals Comparison of Salivary pH Among Smokers and Non- Smokers by Keeping DMFT at Unity

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 224-227
Author(s):  
Usman Zafar ◽  
Hashim Mansoor ◽  
Hamza Asif ◽  
Naufal Nadeem ◽  
Ayesha Aslam ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sample Size ◽  
Undergraduate Students ◽  
Demographic Data ◽  
Young Male ◽  
Study Groups ◽  
Tobacco Consumption ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Salivary Ph

Objective: To evaluate the effects of smoking on salivary pH and compare it among smokers and non-smokers while keeping DMFT (Decayed Missing Filled Teeth) index at unity. Study Design and Setting: Cross sectional study carried out among young male undergraduate students with age range of 19-25 years at Army Medical College (Rawalpindi) over a period of 2 months from 1st January to 1st March 2018. Methodology: The sample size was 58; from which equally 29 were smokers and 29 were non-smokers. Sample size was calculated by WHO sample size calculator. Unstimulated saliva using a simple drooling method was used to collect in a sterile container from each of the subject. The pH was assessed by using a portable KETOTEK digital pH meter. DMFT was recorded by using dental mirrors and probes under illumination of dental unit. All the readings, along with demographic data were entered in performa. Data was analyzed using SPSS version 24. Descriptive statistics were calculated. Mean salivary pH between the study groups was compared using Independent sample t test. P<0.05 was taken as significant. Results: Total of the 58 study subjects, 29 were smokers and 29 were non-smokers. Mean salivary pH of the whole study sample was 7.2±0.45. A statistically significant difference was observed between smokers and non-smokers; whereas smoker’s salivary pH was significantly lower than that of non-smoker’s (P<0.001). Conclusion: It can be concluded that, the mean salivary pH levels decreases with tobacco consumption in smoked form

scholarly journals Burnout among surgeons; depression, anxiety and stress between consultant versus post-graduate trainee

2020 ◽  
Vol 36 (7) ◽  
Author(s):  
Saleh Khurshied ◽  
Aliya Hisam ◽  
Nawal Khurshid ◽  
Madiha Khurshid
Keyword(s):  
Marital Status ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Military Hospital ◽  
P Value ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Post Graduate ◽  
Creative Commons ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Difference

Objective: To compare depression, anxiety and stress between consultant and post-graduate trainee (PG-trainee) surgeons and to find the difference of different factors i.e. gender, marital status, physical activity, BMI, comorbidity and Income per month between the two. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study of eight months duration from March 2018 to August 2018 was conducted in Military Hospital and Combined Military Hospital, Rawalpindi, Pakistan. Convenient sampling technique was used. DASS 21 questionnaire was used for data collection. Data were entered and analysed by SPSS 22. A p-value of < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: The mean age of participants was 37.44±10.512 years. Out of 68 participants, 54 (79.4%) were males and 14 (20.6%) were females. There was a significant difference between the consultants and PG trainees in terms of gender, marital status and income per month (p= <0.005) PG-trainees were more depressed and anxious but not stressed as compared to consultants (p= 0.014, 0.012 and 0.280 respectively). Conclusions: There was a significant association in terms of gender, marital status and income per month between consultants and PG trainees. A statistically significant association was found between consultants and PG trainees concerning depression and anxiety showing PG trainees were more depressed and anxious. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.36.7.1415 How to cite this:Khurshied S, Hisam A, Khurshid N, Khurshid M. Burnout among surgeons; depression, anxiety and stress between consultant versus post-graduate trainee. Pak J Med Sci. 2020;36(7):1745-1748. doi: https://doi.org/ This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

scholarly journals Internalizing behavior problems among hui nationality left-behind children in rural China: A cross-sectional study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xue Yu ◽  
Lingling Wang ◽  
Miaomiao Liu ◽  
Qiuli Li ◽  
Xiuying Dai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Behavior Problems ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Rural China ◽  
Multivariate Logistic Regression Analysis ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Internalizing Behavior ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Internalizing Behavior Problems ◽  
Left Behind ◽  
Significant Difference

Abstract Background: Internalizing behavior problems (IBPs) of left-behind children (LBC) due to parental migration, such as depression and anxiety, has aroused widespread public health concern in China. Limited research to date has focused on studying IBP in Chinese hui nationality LBC. The aims of this present study were to explore the prevalence of IBP and its influencing factors among hui nationality LBC in rural areas of China.Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among school students from southern rural areas in Ningxia, China (2012-2013). The demographic data were investigated by a self-designed questionnaire. The caregivers or parents assessed internalizing behavior problems using Achenbach's Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL for parents). Children completed Egma Minnen av Bardndosnauppforstran (EMBU), Eysenck Personality Questionnaire (EPQ for Children) and Piers-Harri Children's Self-concept Scale (PHCSS). Data on 383 hui nationality LBC aged 6–16 years used in this study were from a survey conducted. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to examine the relationship among the independent variables with children’s internalizing behaviors. Results: The prevalence of IBP in hui nationality LBC and non-left-behind children (non-LBC) was 21.7% (83/383) and 18.2% (104/572), respectively, and there was no significant difference between them (χ2=1.774，P=0.183). However, there was a significant difference in the prevalence of IBP among hui nationality LBC (22.2%) and non-LBC (14.1) for boys (χ2=5.086，P=0.024). Controlling for gender and age, multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that high mother-favoring subjects (OR=2.697), medium neuroticism (OR=12.77) and high neuroticism (OR=8.436) were risk factors for IBP in hui nationality LBC.Conclusions: Our findings suggest that parental migration is a risk factor for IBP among hui nationality LBC in rural China. Positive measures should be taken to prevent the IBP of LBC in rural Hui nationality from the aspects of personality development and parental rearing patterns.

scholarly journals Awareness and Knowledge of HIV Transmission and Prevention among Military Personnel in Abuja, Nigeria

2021 ◽  
pp. 37-48
Author(s):  
Olajide A. Adekunle ◽  
David A. Adeyemi
Keyword(s):  
Hiv Prevention ◽  
Sample Size ◽  
Military Personnel ◽  
Hiv Transmission ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Adequate Knowledge ◽  
Significant Difference

Aims: To assess the level of knowledge of HIV transmission and prevention and identify factors influencing the awareness of HIV transmission and prevention among military personnel in Nigeria. Study design: A cross-sectional study. Place and duration of study: The Nigerian Defense Headquarters, Abuja, Nigeria. Methodology: Using the stratified probability sampling technique, military personnel between the age of 18 and 55 years, were recruited based on arm of service with a percentage distribution of 60:20:20 (Army, Navy, and Air Force respectively). The sample size(n) was 384 and the adjusted sample size was 427 respondents. The tool for data collection was a semi-structured self-administered questionnaire. This instrument, divided into 3 sections, was designed to obtain information on socio-demographics (sex, age, ethnic background, education level as the highest level of education attainment, experience in the military; the arm of service, rank, length of service, gender and number of sexual partners, knowledge of HIV prevention, and perception of risk of HIV transmission. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, Chi-square tests, and logistic regression at p<0.05. Results: While 98.5% of respondents have ever heard of HIV, 80.3% claimed to have seen or heard information about HIV, with media (85.9%) been the major source of this information. Out of the 391 respondents, 174 (44.5%) and 217 (55.5%) military personnel had inadequate and adequate knowledge of HIV transmission respectively while 80.8% and 19.2% of these respondents had inadequate and adequate knowledge of HIV prevention, respectively. Conclusions: While there was no significant difference in the proportion of those military men that had adequate and inadequate knowledge of HIV transmission, there was a clear and significant difference in the proportion of military men with adequate and inadequate prevention knowledge. Age, education, marital status, and service arm are predictive factors that could influence knowledge of HIV transmission and prevention.

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