scholarly journals Can Food Reformulation Policy Reduce Calorie Intake and Tackle Childhood Obesity?

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ali Milani Bonab ◽  
Naser Kalantari ◽  
Azizollah Zargaraan ◽  
Arezoo Haghighian Roudsari ◽  
Samira Pourmoradian
Keyword(s):  
Childhood Obesity ◽  
Weight Status ◽  
Food Product ◽  
Sufficient Evidence ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Calorie Intake ◽  
Health Issues ◽  
Innovative Strategies ◽  
Different Types

Context: Childhood obesity has become one of the most concerning public health issues and several innovative strategies are being applied to tackle the issue. Reformulation of children-oriented food products may play a role in improving childhood obesity. However, there is not sufficient evidence that shows the effectiveness of this policy. This paper provides a systematic review of the evidence to examine the efficacy of food product reformulation on calorie intake and weight modification of children with obesity. Evidence Acquisition: A comprehensive literature search was undertaken for different types of studies. PubMed, Cochrane Library Database, EMBASE and SCOPUS were referred to as the source of literature. Results: Seven thousand four hundred and three results were entered into our study for screening and evaluation. Our study showed that there was no clear evidence that supported the effectiveness of this intervention. However, some bodies of literature show calorie intake reduction, but no weight modification. Conclusions: Although there is enough evidence to show that reformulation may promote healthy dietary patterns, its impact on weight status is not convincing. Long term running intervention needs to be applied to examine the possible implications of food reformulation policy on the weight status of the children.

scholarly journals Diet Advice for Crohn’s Disease: FODMAP and Beyond

Nutrients ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (12) ◽  
pp. 3751
Author(s):  
Stefan L. Popa ◽  
Cristina Pop ◽  
Dan L. Dumitrascu
Keyword(s):  
Crohn’S Disease ◽  
Crohn's Disease ◽  
Gastrointestinal Symptoms ◽  
Vegetarian Diet ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel Disorder ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel ◽  
Fodmap Diet

Crohn’s disease (CD) is a chronic, progressive, and destructive granulomatous inflammatory bowel disorder that can involve any part of the gastrointestinal tract. It has been presumed that different types of diet might improve gastrointestinal symptoms in CD patients. The aim of this review was to clarify the efficiency and indications of a low-“fermentable oligo-, di-, mono-saccharides and polyols” (FODMAP) diet (LFD) in CD and to further analyze the available data on other types of diets. PubMed, Cochrane Library, EMBASE and WILEY databases were screened for relevant publications regarding the effect of FODMAP diets on CD. Our search identified 12 articles analyzing the effect of an LFD in CD, 5 articles analyzing the effect of a Mediterranean diet (MD), 2 articles analyzing the effect of a vegetarian diet (VD), and 2 articles analyzing the effect of a low-lactose diet (LLD). The majority of the studies included in this review show the significant efficiency of the LFD in CD patients. We found significant evidence demonstrating that the LFD has a favorable impact on gastrointestinal symptoms in CD patients. Notwithstanding the evidence, it remains to be established if an LFD is more efficient than other types of diets in the short term and especially in the long term.

scholarly journals Safety and Efficacy of Hydroxychloroquine and Chloroquine in Treatment of COVID-19: A Rapid Review of Evidence

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elham Khatooni ◽  
Farzan Berenjian ◽  
Zhaleh Abdi
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Observational Studies ◽  
Randomized Clinical Trials ◽  
Rapid Review ◽  
Sufficient Evidence ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Efficacy And Safety ◽  
Combined Administration ◽  
Long Term Follow Up

Context: The coronavirus (named COVID-19) 2019 pandemic has caused significant morbidity and mortality around the world and has created serious challenges for health systems. To date, no medical treatment is developed for COVID-19 with proven effectiveness. This study is a rapid review aimed to identify and summarize evidence on the efficacy and safety of Hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) and Chloroquine (CQ) for COVID-19 infection. Methods: This study is a rapid review that systematically searched electronic databases, including PubMed, EMBASE, ClinicalTrials.gov, and Cochrane Library, until May 22, 2020. Peer-reviewed randomized clinical trials, reviews, and observational studies on the efficacy and safety of HCQ and CQ for the prevention and treatment of COVID-19 infection were included. Results: There were seven review articles, five clinical trial studies, and eight observational studies focusing on CQ or HCQ to treat COVID-19 patients. Of five clinical trials, three reported favorable outcomes among patients who received CQ or HCQ. Of eight observational studies, four reported no difference between the use of HCQ alone or combined administration of HCQ and Azithromycin with other medications. Three studies showed that the combined administration of HCQ and Azithromycin or HCQ alone is associated with improved clinical outcomes. Conclusions: The included studies reported conflicting results on the efficacy and safety of HCQ and CQ in treating COVID-19. Therefore, it seems that there is not sufficient evidence about the effectiveness and safety of HCQ and CQ to treat patients with COVID-19 and more studies, which also report long-term follow up results, are needed.

The Acute Effect of Alcohol on Various Memory Processes

2010 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
pp. 249-252 ◽  
Author(s):  
Márk Molnár ◽  
Roland Boha ◽  
Balázs Czigler ◽  
Zsófia Anna Gaál
Keyword(s):  
Low Dose ◽  
Short Term Memory ◽  
Acute Effect ◽  
Long Term Memory ◽  
Term Memory ◽  
Memory Processes ◽  
Different Types ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Legal Consequences

This review surveys relevant and recent data of the pertinent literature regarding the acute effect of alcohol on various kinds of memory processes with special emphasis on working memory. The characteristics of different types of long-term memory (LTM) and short-term memory (STM) processes are summarized with an attempt to relate these to various structures in the brain. LTM is typically impaired by chronic alcohol intake but according to some data a single dose of ethanol may have long lasting effects if administered at a critically important age. The most commonly seen deleterious acute effect of alcohol to STM appears following large doses of ethanol in conditions of “binge drinking” causing the “blackout” phenomenon. However, with the application of various techniques and well-structured behavioral paradigms it is possible to detect, albeit occasionally, subtle changes of cognitive processes even as a result of a low dose of alcohol. These data may be important for the consideration of legal consequences of low-dose ethanol intake in conditions such as driving, etc.

A Review on Various Methodologies for AC Duct Cleaning

2020 ◽  
Vol 07 (3&4) ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
Soyab A Jamadar ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Air Quality ◽  
Indoor Air Quality ◽  
Indoor Air ◽  
Health Issues ◽  
Conventional System ◽  
Rectangular Shape ◽  
Inspection Robot ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Robot Systems ◽  
Articulated Robot

Cleaning of the AC ducts is the need because it creates problems such as the bad indoor air quality which results in health issues and it also causes the large maintenance of the system. The uncleaned air ducts become home for fungi, dust and harmful microbial. The causes and effects of this thing are mentioned following. The AC ducts can be cleaned through various methodologies i.e. conventional and by using robots. In the conventional system, there is manual cleaning by using some equipment. Cleaning the ducts by using robots would be a good solution for this. Different types of robot systems i.e. crawling robot, articulated robot and inspection robot are deployed for the application. There are different types of robots and their equipment according to size and type of duct. The cleaning of rectangular shape ducts is quite difficult than others. Finally, it results that cleaning ducts is the most important thing and using robots is the best methodology for it.

Basic principles for assessing the safety of fish products from the ponds exposed to the influence of nuclear fuel cycle enterprises

2019 ◽  
pp. 106-114
Author(s):  
A. V. Trapeznikov ◽  
V. N. Trapeznikova ◽  
A. V. Korzhavin ◽  
V. N. Nikolkin ◽  
A. P. Plataev
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Cycle ◽  
Specific Activity ◽  
River System ◽  
Food Product ◽  
Human Consumption ◽  
Basic Principles ◽  
Fish Products ◽  
Permissible Levels ◽  
Irtysh River

Relevance. In connection with the development of nuclear energy, many aquatic ecosystems have been exposed to radioactive substances. Fish, as an element of biota, is capable to accumulate radionuclides. However, fish is a traditional food. The control of the technogenic radionuclides accumulation level in the ichthyofauna is an important link in ensuring human security.Intention. To analyze the long-term data on the content of long-lived technogenic radionuclides 90Sr and 137Cs in the ichthyofauna of the Ob-Irtysh river system for the period from 2004 to 2016 and Beloyarsky pond for the period from 1977 to 2018.Methodology. Fish as a food product was assessed according to two criteria: a) permissible levels of specific activity of radionuclides (SanPiN 2.3.2.1078-01); b) using the indicator of conformity B and the uncertainty of its definition В (GOST 32161-2013 and GOST 32163-2013).Results and Discussion. Fish of all species that live in the river Tetcha, is not suitable for food use according to the criteria of SanPiN 2.3.2.1078-01, GOST 32161-2013 and GOST 32163-2013. The fish of the Ob-Irtysh river system, the habitat of which is located outside the Tetcha, meets the requirements for fish products. In the period from 1977 to 1989 in the Beloyarsk pond the accumulations of technogenic radionuclides in fish in quantities exceeding sanitary and hygienic standards were possible. Currently, the fish of the Beloyarsky pond fully complies with the sanitary and hygienic requirements for the radiation factor and is safe for human consumption.Conclusion. In the ponds exposed to the atomic energy enterprises, it is necessary to continuously monitor the content of long-lived technogenic radionuclides in fish and assess their amount in accordance with the requirements of SanPiN 2.3.2.1078-01 and using the conformity indicator В and the uncertainty of its determination В. 

Effect of sleep on memory for binding different types of visual information

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
John J Shaw ◽  
Zhisen Urgolites ◽  
Padraic Monaghan
Keyword(s):  
Visual Information ◽  
Storage Capacity ◽  
Declarative Memory ◽  
Recognition Task ◽  
Forced Choice ◽  
Long Term Memory ◽  
Term Memory ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Types Of Information

Visual long-term memory has a large and detailed storage capacity for individual scenes, objects, and actions. However, memory for combinations of actions and scenes is poorer, suggesting difficulty in binding this information together. Sleep can enhance declarative memory of information, but whether sleep can also boost memory for binding information and whether the effect is general across different types of information is not yet known. Experiments 1 to 3 tested effects of sleep on binding actions and scenes, and Experiments 4 and 5 tested binding of objects and scenes. Participants viewed composites and were tested 12-hours later after a delay consisting of sleep (9pm-9am) or wake (9am-9pm), on an alternative forced choice recognition task. For action-scene composites, memory was relatively poor with no significant effect of sleep. For object-scene composites sleep did improve memory. Sleep can promote binding in memory, depending on the type of information to be combined.

EFFECTIVNESS OF SPECIFIC MOBILE HEALTH APPLICATIONS (mHEALTH-APPS)in GESTATIONAL DIABTETES MELLITUS: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW (Preprint)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claudia Eberle ◽  
Maxine Löhnert
Keyword(s):  
Mobile Health ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Clinical Parameters ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Manual Search ◽  
Mobile Health Applications ◽  
Short And Long Term ◽  
Mhealth Apps ◽  
Health Applications

BACKGROUND Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) emerges worldwide and is closely associated with short- and long-term health issues in women and their offspring, such as pregnancy and birth complications respectively comorbidities, Type 2 Diabetes (T2D), Metabolic Syndrome (MetS) as well as cardiovascular disease (CD). Against this background mobile health applications (mHealth-Apps) do open up new possibilities to improve the management of GDM clearly. OBJECTIVE Since there is – to our knowledge – no systematic literature review published, which focusses on the effectiveness of specific mHealth-Apps on clinical health-related short and long-term outcomes of mother and child, we conducted these much-needed analyses. METHODS Data sources: A systematic literature search in Medline (Pubmed), Cochrane Library, Embase, CINAHL and Web of Science was performed including full text publications since 2008 up to date. An additional manual search in references and Google Scholar was conducted subsequently. Study Eligibility Criteria: Women diagnosed with GDM using specific mHealth-Apps during pregnancy compared to control groups, which met main clinical parameters and outcomes in GDM management as well as maternity and offspring care. Study appraisal and synthesis methods: Study quality was assessed and rated “strong”, “moderate” or “weak” by using the Effective Public Health Practice Project (EPHPP) tool. Study results were strongly categorized by outcomes; an additional qualitative summary was assessed. Study selection: Overall, n= 114 studies were analyzed, n= 46 duplicates were removed, n=5 studies met the eligible criteria and n=1 study was assessed by manual search subsequently. In total, n=6 publications, analyzing n=408 GDM patients in the interventional and n=405 women diagnosed with GDM in the control groups, were included. These studies were divided into n=5 two-arm randomized controlled trials (RCT) and n=1 controlled clinical trial (CCT). RESULTS Distinct improvements in clinical parameters and outcomes, such as fasting blood glucoses (FBG), 2-hour postprandial blood glucoses (PBG), off target blood glucose measurements (OTBG), delivery modes and patient compliance were analyzed in GDM patients using specific mHealth-Apps compared to matched control groups. CONCLUSIONS mHealth-Apps clearly improve clinical outcomes in management of GDM effectively. More studies need to be done more in detail.

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