scholarly journals Understanding Changes in Socioeconomic Inequality of Unintended Pregnancy Among Iranian Married Women: A Blinder-Oaxaca Decomposition Analysis

Health Scope ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Maryam Khoramrooz ◽  
Aziz Rezapour ◽  
Shamsollah Shirinbakhsh ◽  
Ardeshir Khosravi
Keyword(s):  
Unintended Pregnancy ◽  
Socioeconomic Inequality ◽  
Decomposition Analysis ◽  
Married Women ◽  
Oaxaca Decomposition

scholarly journals Socioeconomic inequality in prevalence of cigarette and Water-pipe smoking among Iranian adults: A blinder- Oaxaca decomposition Analysis

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Saeed Nemati ◽  
Ali Rafei ◽  
Hedieh Mehrtash ◽  
Neal D. Freedman ◽  
Akbar Fotouhi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cigarette Smoking ◽  
Socioeconomic Inequality ◽  
Decomposition Analysis ◽  
Control Program ◽  
P Value ◽  
Low Ses ◽  
Water Pipe ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Oaxaca Decomposition ◽  
Significant Difference

Background: To assess the association between socioeconomic inequality and the prevalence of tobacco smoking among Iranian adults in 2010. Methods: Data from the fifth national STEPS survey (WHO STEPwise approach to NCD Surveillance) were analyzed. A Blinder-Oaxaca decomposition method was applied to assess the association between socioeconomic inequality and the prevalence of daily cigarette and water pipe (WP) smoking among Iranian men and women. Results: From 10,615 participants in the survey, 4,203 (39.5%) participants appeared to be in the first and fifth quintiles of socioeconomic status (SES). For men, the prevalence of daily cigarette smoking was higher among those with low SES (23.1%) than those with high SES (11.1%) (P<0.001). The observed difference was mainly attributed to the educational level (8.6%). We found no significant difference in high compared to low SES women for cigarette smoking (P value= 0.881). Although there was no difference between high and low SES men for daily WP smoking, low SES women had a higher prevalence of WP smoking (4.4%) than high SES women (1.3%) (P value=0.027). Education level was the major factor (3.3%) to explain the corresponding difference. The difference in WP smoking in high and low SES men was not statistically significant (P value= 0.199). Conclusion: Cigarette smoking in men and WP smoking in women are associated with SES in Iran. Education was the main factor explaining the differences in the prevalence of cigarette and WP smoking in Iranian men and women. Results from this study must be considered as a pivotal basis for designing a tobacco control program at national and sub-national levels.

scholarly journals Mass media exposure and use of reversible modern contraceptives among married women in India: An analysis of the NFHS 2015–16 data

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (7) ◽  
pp. e0254400
Author(s):  
Ranjita Ghosh ◽  
Arupendra Mozumdar ◽  
Aparajita Chattopadhyay ◽  
Rajib Acharya
Keyword(s):  
Family Planning ◽  
Mass Media ◽  
Decomposition Analysis ◽  
Media Exposure ◽  
Modern Method ◽  
Married Women ◽  
Efficient Manner ◽  
Modern Methods ◽  
Mass Media Exposure ◽  
Women In India

Since the inception of the National Programme for Family Planning, messages on family planning (FP) have been promoted across India using different mass media platforms. Mass media plays an important role in disseminating important information among the masses, such as how reversible modern methods give women more reproductive choices than opting for permanent methods that limit their child-bearing capacity. Mass media can provide a continuous flow of information and motivation to deter women from discontinuing the methods they have opted for. However, very few studies have been conducted on this issue, especially using recently available data. This study particularly focuses on exposure to mass media and the use of reversible modern methods of family planning among married women in India. The data for this study was obtained from the National Family Health Survey (2015–16) on currently married women aged 15–49 years. The association of reversible modern method use with media exposure variables was examined, controlling for a set of independent variables from multiple levels—individual, district, state, and region. The findings from this study showed that television was the most important medium for disseminating information on FP among married women in India. Spatial analysis revealed that some districts in the north, parts of the northeast, and Kerala in South India lacked any television exposure. The results from the decomposition analysis showed that mass media exposure was associated with a 14% increase in the use of reversible modern methods. Results from the multilevel analyses showed that exposure to TV along with other media (AOR 1.57 95% CI 1.49–1.65) and exposure to FP messages through different media (AOR 1.22 95% CI 1.12–1.32) had a significant positive effect on the use of reversible modern methods even when various individual, district, state, and regional-level factors were controlled. The findings of this paper provide evidence supporting the use of mass media to promote and increase awareness of voluntary contraceptive use in India. An increase in mass media exposure coupled with improvement in coverage and services of the FP program can significantly increase the use of reversible modern methods in a cost-effective yet efficient manner among women in need of FP services.

scholarly journals Determinants of Unintended Pregnancies Among Currently Married Women in Uganda

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ronald Wasswa ◽  
Allen Kabagenyi ◽  
Leonard Atuhaire
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Unintended Pregnancy ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Proportional Hazards Model ◽  
Married Women ◽  
Cox Proportional Hazards Model ◽  
Rank Test ◽  
Age At First Birth ◽  
Unintended Pregnancies

Abstract Background: Unintended pregnancies are no longer bound to teenagers or school going children, married women in Uganda as well experience such pregnancies though little has been investigated on them. This study therefore examines the determinants of unintended pregnancies among currently married women in Uganda.Methods: In this study, we used data from the 2016 Uganda Demographic and Health Survey (UDHS) which comprised of 11,223 married women aged 15-49 years. Analysis was done using descriptive analysis, logistic regression, Poisson regression, log-rank test for survival functions, cox proportional hazards model, and the generalized structural equation model.Results: The study revealed that 45% of the pregnancies were unintended while 3 in 10 married women were not using contraceptives. At the bivariate level; unintended pregnancy was associated with the highest wealth quintile (OR=0.45, 95%CI=0.40-0.49) while contraceptive use was associated with higher education level (OR=4.90, 95% CI=4.10-5.86). Similarly, children ever born were associated with married women from rural areas (IRR=4.34, 95% CI=4.30-4.39). At the multivariate level, married women from northern region (AOR=0.55, 95% CI=0.45-0.64) had lower odds and Muslim married women with more children (AOR=1.04, 95% CI=1.01-1.07) had higher odds of unintended pregnancy.Conclusion: Unintended pregnancies are directly and indirectly influenced by higher fertility and improver use of contraceptive. Married women who had more children and were: from poor households, with lowest education, in Central region, in rural areas, with low age at first birth, with older partners and were Muslim were more likely to have unintended pregnancies. Also, married women who were using contraceptives and were: older age, Anglican, from wealthiest households, in agricultural or domestic sector and higher parity were associated with higher risk of unintended pregnancies. The government should make efforts in reducing the fertility among married women by investing in programs and policies like: sensitization of women on the effectiveness in use of contraceptives, making contraceptives affordable and easily accessible to all people in different regions of the country with emphasis on who already have four or more children. Extension of higher education to all people will lead to reduced risks of unintended pregnancies.

scholarly journals Pregnancy Intentions and Its Associated Factors Among Married Women in Resunga, Gulmi, Nepal

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rita Karki ◽  
Surendra Maharjan ◽  
Ganesh Khatiwada ◽  
Junu Shrestha
Keyword(s):  
Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Family Planning ◽  
Unintended Pregnancy ◽  
Statistical Tests ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Married Women ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Pregnancy Intentions ◽  
Chi Square Analysis

Abstract BackgroundPregnancy intention refers to a women’s thinking at the time she became aware that she was pregnant. Pregnancy intentions can be categorized as intended and unintended. It is an important public health concern in every corner of the world, especially in developing countries. The study was carried out with an objective of determining the pregnancy intentions among married women in Resunga municipality, Gulmi, Nepal and test the association of pregnancy intentions with various socio-demographic, and reproductive health-related variables.MethodsThe community based cross-sectional study design was used to achieve the objective of the study. Married women of reproductive age of the Resunga municipality, Gulmi were selected and a multistage random sampling technique was adopted. Total 406 participants were involved in this study. Pretested semi-structured interview schedule adapted from Demographic and Health Survey of Nepal was used for data collection. All the statistical tests were performed in SPSS, version 25.0. The p -value was set at 5% level of significance. Descriptive and data exploratory analysis were performed. Bivariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis technique were conducted to explore the association between pregnancy intentions and predictor variables.ResultsThe study showed that out of total 410 pregnancies, 248 (60.5%) pregnancies were unintended, of which 78(19.05%) were unplanned and 170 (41.5%) were ambivalent. The remaining 162 (39.5%) pregnancies were considered intended. The chi-square analysis and bivariate analysis showed that women age, socioeconomic status, husband opposition, methods used before pregnancy, and intention of using contraception in the future were significantly associated with pregnancy intentions. When these variables were subjected for multivariate analysis, only socioeconomic status, and method of family planning used before pregnancy were found to be significantly associated with pregnancy intentions.ConclusionsThe study showed that unintended pregnancy is very high. The factors that were found to be associated with an unintended pregnancy were socioeconomic status and method of family planning used before pregnancy. The findings of this research work could be useful while providing different reproductive and family planning related services to women by considering predictors of unintended pregnancy that might increase planned pregnancy ultimately.

Inequalities in healthcare utilisation: a decomposition analysis based on financial protection against health risks in Senegal

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mouhamed Samba ◽  
Ibrahima Thiam ◽  
Fabienne Fecher ◽  
Elisabeth Paul
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Health Care Services ◽  
Social Inequalities ◽  
Decomposition Analysis ◽  
Healthcare Utilisation ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Horizontal Equity ◽  
Financial Protection ◽  
Oaxaca Decomposition ◽  
Economic Well Being

Abstract Background: Developing countries are characterised by lack of financial protection against health hazards that can lead to health inequity. Improving horizontal equity in the utilisation of health care requires a better understanding of the factors that influence it. This study used Senegal as a case to examine healthcare utilisation disparities and their determinants. Methods: The study used the most recent Demographic and Health Survey (2017) from Senegal. Frequencies, a logit model and an extension of Blinder-Oaxaca decomposition (proposed by Fairlie) were employed to examine healthcare utilisation gap between covered and uncovered people as well as factors explaining this gap.Results: The results of the logistic regression show that healthcare utilisation increases with quintiles of economic well-being; people covered by an insurance or fee exemption scheme use more health care services than those not covered. Women, urban people, children aged under five years and elderly (60 and +). Results from Blinder-Oaxaca decomposition suggests a difference in healthcare utilisation between covered and uncovered people. 39% of these disparities are explained by the distribution of observed characteristics (age, area of residence, economic well-being, education) while 61% of these disparities are explained by differences in coefficients. This component may be related to discriminatory practices in favour of the persons covered.Conclusion: The results also raise the issue of the fragmentation of coverage schemes that can lead to differences in the care packages offered. Public authorities need to make efforts to reduce social inequalities and have an important stewardship role across all branches of society to ensure that policies and actions in other sectors improve health equity.

INTIMATE PARTNER VIOLENCE AND UNINTENDED PREGNANCY AMONG ADOLESCENT AND YOUNG ADULT MARRIED WOMEN IN SOUTH ASIA

2016 ◽  
Vol 49 (2) ◽  
pp. 206-221 ◽  
Author(s):  
Enu Anand ◽  
Sayeed Unisa ◽  
Jayakant Singh
Keyword(s):  
Intimate Partner Violence ◽  
Young Adult ◽  
South Asia ◽  
Unintended Pregnancy ◽  
Young Women ◽  
Partner Violence ◽  
Intimate Partner ◽  
Married Women ◽  
Adolescent And Young Adult ◽  
The Relationship

SummaryThis study examined the relationship between Intimate Partner Violence (IPV) and unintended pregnancy among young women in South Asia using Demographic and Health Survey data from India (2005–2006), Bangladesh (2007) and Nepal (2011). The respondents were adolescent and young adult married women aged 15–24 years who had at least one childbirth in the five years preceding the survey. Bivariate and stepwise multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed to assess the relationship between IPV and unintended pregnancy. Thirty-eight per cent of the respondents in India, 52% in Bangladesh and 28% in Nepal reported having experienced physical or sexual IPV. Those who reported physical or sexual IPV had higher odds of unintended pregnancy (1.36 in India and 1.99 in Bangladesh). The findings indicate that IPV is a risk factor for unintended pregnancy among adolescent and young adult married women. Along with violence prevention programmes, a more responsive and youth-friendly health system needs to be in place to provide health care services to young women in these countries.

scholarly journals The contribution of dietary and non-dietary factors to socioeconomic inequality in childhood anemia in Ethiopia: a regression-based decomposition analysis

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shimels Hussien Mohammed ◽  
Tesfa Dejenie Habtewold ◽  
Fatima Muhammad ◽  
Ahmad Esmaillzadeh
Keyword(s):  
Maternal Education ◽  
Socioeconomic Inequality ◽  
Dietary Diversity ◽  
Decomposition Analysis ◽  
Sampling Strategy ◽  
Dietary Factors ◽  
Cluster Sampling ◽  
Relative Contribution ◽  
Childhood Anemia ◽  
Nationally Representative

Abstract Objective There is a scarcity of evidence on socioeconomic inequalities of childhood anemia in Ethiopia. We determined the magnitude of socioeconomic inequality in anemia and the contribution of dietary and non-dietary factors to the observed inequality, using a nationally representative data of 2902 children included in the 2016 Ethiopian demographic and health survey. The data were collected following a multistage, stratified cluster sampling strategy. We followed the Blinder–Oaxaca regression-based approach to decompose the inequality and determine the relative contribution (%) of the dietary and non-dietary factors to the observed inequality. Result We found a significant pro-poor socioeconomic inequality in childhood anemia in Ethiopia. A third (~ 33%) of the inequality was attributable to compositional differences in the dietary determinants of anemia (dietary diversity, meal frequency, and breastfeeding factors). Non-dietary factors like residence place, maternal education, and birth weight) jointly explained ~ 36% of the inequality. Maternal education was the single most important factor, accounting alone for ~ 28% the inequality, followed by rural residence (~ 17%) and dietary diversity (~ 16%). Efforts to narrow socioeconomic gaps and/or designing equity sensitive interventions by prioritizing the poor in health/nutrition interventions stands worth of consideration to reduce the burden of childhood anemia in Ethiopia and beyond.

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