scholarly journals Socioeconomic inequality in prevalence of cigarette and Water-pipe smoking among Iranian adults: A blinder- Oaxaca decomposition Analysis

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Saeed Nemati ◽  
Ali Rafei ◽  
Hedieh Mehrtash ◽  
Neal D. Freedman ◽  
Akbar Fotouhi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cigarette Smoking ◽  
Socioeconomic Inequality ◽  
Decomposition Analysis ◽  
Control Program ◽  
P Value ◽  
Low Ses ◽  
Water Pipe ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Oaxaca Decomposition ◽  
Significant Difference

Background: To assess the association between socioeconomic inequality and the prevalence of tobacco smoking among Iranian adults in 2010. Methods: Data from the fifth national STEPS survey (WHO STEPwise approach to NCD Surveillance) were analyzed. A Blinder-Oaxaca decomposition method was applied to assess the association between socioeconomic inequality and the prevalence of daily cigarette and water pipe (WP) smoking among Iranian men and women. Results: From 10,615 participants in the survey, 4,203 (39.5%) participants appeared to be in the first and fifth quintiles of socioeconomic status (SES). For men, the prevalence of daily cigarette smoking was higher among those with low SES (23.1%) than those with high SES (11.1%) (P<0.001). The observed difference was mainly attributed to the educational level (8.6%). We found no significant difference in high compared to low SES women for cigarette smoking (P value= 0.881). Although there was no difference between high and low SES men for daily WP smoking, low SES women had a higher prevalence of WP smoking (4.4%) than high SES women (1.3%) (P value=0.027). Education level was the major factor (3.3%) to explain the corresponding difference. The difference in WP smoking in high and low SES men was not statistically significant (P value= 0.199). Conclusion: Cigarette smoking in men and WP smoking in women are associated with SES in Iran. Education was the main factor explaining the differences in the prevalence of cigarette and WP smoking in Iranian men and women. Results from this study must be considered as a pivotal basis for designing a tobacco control program at national and sub-national levels.

Abstract 17356: Gender Differences in Clinical Presentation and Outcomes of Patients With Acute Myocardial Infarction and Spontaneous Coronary Artery Dissection: A Nationwide Inpatient Sample Matched Analysis

Circulation ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 138 (Suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Setri Fugar ◽  
Juliet A Yirerong ◽  
Alfred Solomon ◽  
Ahmed A Kolkailah ◽  
Tauseef Akthar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Myocardial Infarction ◽  
Heart Failure ◽  
Gender Differences ◽  
Clinical Presentation ◽  
Artery Dissection ◽  
P Value ◽  
Spontaneous Coronary Artery Dissection ◽  
Coronary Artery Dissection ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Significant Difference

Introduction: Spontaneous Coronary Artery Dissection (SCAD) is reported to occur predominantly in young women. Gender differences in the clinical presentation and outcomes of patients with SCAD have not been studied on a population level. We sought to compare the in-hospital outcomes of men and women presenting with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) and SCAD. Methods: We identified patients from the National Inpatient Sample (NIS) between 2005 and 2015 who presented with primary diagnoses of AMI and SCAD. We identified SCAD with ICD-9 code 414.12. A 1:1 propensity-matched cohort was created to examine the outcomes between men and women. Primary endpoint was in-hospital mortality. Secondary endpoints included in-hospital cardiac and non-cardiac complications. Results: Of the 6617 (32017 weighted national estimates) patients with SCAD over the study period, majority were males 3667 (55.4%). Males were younger than females (60.32 yr vs. 61.59 yr) and presented more often with ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) (53.0% vs. 45.9% P=<0.001). Propensity matching yielded 2366 males and 2366 females. In the matched group, there was no significant difference in in-hospital mortality between males and females (OR 1.20 95% CI -0.93-1.54). With regards to in-hospital complications, ventricular tachycardia (V-Tach) was significantly less frequent in females as compared to males (8.0% vs. 10.1% OR 0.76 p-value 0.003). There was no significant difference between females and males in the frequency of other complications, including intracranial hemorrhage (0.2% vs 0.2% OR 1.45 p-value 0.50), GI bleed (1.8% vs 1.3% OR 1.35 p-value 0.13), cardiogenic shock (9.8% vs 9.7% OR 1.01 p-value 0.86), acute heart failure (3% vs 2.6% OR 1.18 p-value 0.26), ventricular fibrillation(vfib) (5.6% vs 6.0% OR 0.928 p-value 0.48) or stroke ( 1.5% vs 1.0% OR 1.535 p-value 0.06) Conclusion: In our large population-based analysis, compared to females, males were more likely to present with STEMI as compared to females. With the except of V-Tach, which was higher in males, there were no significant gender differences in hospital outcomes namely inpatient mortality, cardiogenic, Vfib or acute heart failure.

scholarly journals Peak expiratory flow rate among smokers and non-smokers working in Kathmandu Medical College

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 33-35
Author(s):  
Preetu Gurung
Keyword(s):  
Cigarette Smoking ◽  
Peak Expiratory Flow ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Peak Expiratory Flow Rate ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
P Value ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Expiratory Flow

Background: Cigarette smoking has remained a popular habit since ages. Most people are well aware of the deleterious effects of cigarette smoking yet continue to give a blind eye which dete­riorates overall public health. The purpose of the present study was to assess Peak Expiratory Flow Rate among smoking and nonsmoking staffs who work in Kathmandu Medical College. Methods: In this comparative cross-sectional study Peak Expiratory Flow Rate was obtained using Mini Wright’s Peak Flow Meter of 108 smokers and 108 nonsmokers in the age group ranging from 25-45 years. Those who never smoked or who have quit smoking for the past 2 years were grouped as nonsmokers and the smokers with history of smoking at least five or more cigarettes per day for at least two years were included in the study for measuring their Peak Expiratory Flow Rate. Data was collected, compiled and analyzed by using Statistical Package of Social Science (SPSS) software version16. Student ‘t’ test was used for group comparison. Results: The Peak Expiratory Flow Rate value was significantly reduced in the smokers (p value< 0.05). Mean Peak Expiratory Flow Rate was reduced with increasing age of the smokers. However, no significant difference was observed in Peak Expiratory Flow Rate with increase in the number of cigarettes smoked (p value> 0.05). Conclusions: In the study Peak Expiratory Flow Rate among smokers (367.13 ± 74.182) was lower than nonsmokers (471.39±60.842), which was statistically significant proving that cigarette smok­ing reduced peak expiratory flow rate.

scholarly journals Permanence of professionals who work in the Tuberculosis Control Program

2019 ◽  
Vol 72 (5) ◽  
pp. 1258-1264
Author(s):  
Danielle Galdino de Paula ◽  
Alexandre Sousa da Silva ◽  
Tereza Cristina Scatena Villa ◽  
Maria Catarina Salvador da Motta
Keyword(s):  
Length Of Stay ◽  
Local Level ◽  
Family Health ◽  
Control Program ◽  
P Value ◽  
Tuberculosis Control ◽  
Basic Health ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Tuberculosis Control Program ◽  
Basic Health Units

ABSTRACT Objective: To analyze the length of stay of the professionals who work in the Tuberculosis Control Program in Basic Health Units of the city of Rio de Janeiro/RJ. Method: Sectional study, developed in eight Health Units of the Maré Complex/RJ. Physicians, nurses, nursing technicians and Community Health Agents of the Family Health Teams were interviewed. The Kruskal-Wallis test was used to verify the existence of groups with the same distribution, and Dunn’s multiple comparison test with Bonferroni correction, to identify which group presented a difference. Results: Among Health Units, a significant difference was observed in the length of work (p-value = 0.0005909) and in the dwell time (p-value = 0.0003598). Conclusion: It was observed low length of stay of the professionals that work in the Basic Health Units. This result points to challenges inherent in the control of tuberculosis at the local level.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Respiratory Muscular Strength Compared to Predicted Values in Patients with Stroke

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 1091 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah Maria Ramos ◽  
Daniela Maciel da Silva ◽  
Daniela Vieira Buchaim ◽  
Rogério Leone Buchaim ◽  
Mauro Audi
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Muscle Strength ◽  
Respiratory Muscles ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
P Value ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Predicted Values

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the inspiratory and expiratory muscle strength of individuals affected by stroke and to compare it with the predicted values in the literature considering their corresponding age. Respiratory muscle strength was evaluated in 22 elderly people who had sequels of stroke, four with right hemiparesis, 16 with left hemiparesis and two with bilateral, of ages ranging from 34 to 82 years. The collected data were submitted to statistical analysis using a Mann–Whitney test to evaluate if there was a significant difference in the average data collected when compared with a mean of the predicted data in the literature. Fourteen men and eight women were evaluated, who obtained mean values of 71.85 cmH2O and 57.75 cmH2O, respectively, for a maximal inspiratory pressure (MIP), and when compared to the predicted values for men and women, 105.41 cmH2O (p-value 0.0019) and 80.57 cmH2O (p-value 0.00464) were significantly lower. For a maximal expiratory pressure (MEP), the mean value obtained for men was 62.28 cmH2O and 49.5 cmH2O for women, whereas the predicted values in the literature were 114.79 cmH2O (p-value < 0.0001) and 78, 46 cmH2O (p-value 0.0059), respectively. In the statistical analysis, it was possible to notice that the studied population did not reach the predicted age indexes and that there was a significant difference between the median columns. In conclusion, there is a weakness in the respiratory muscles of hemiparetic men and women due to stroke.

scholarly journals Corrigendum

2017 ◽  
Vol 38 (9) ◽  
pp. 1050-1050
Keyword(s):  
P Value ◽  
Foot And Ankle ◽  
Patient Factors ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Repeat Analysis ◽  
Ankle Surgery ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Secondary Study

Cody CA, Mancuso CA, Burket JC, et al. Patient factors associated with higher expectations from foot and ankle surgery. Foot Ankle Int. 2017;38(5):472-478. (Original DOI: 10.1177/1071100717690807) In Table 2 of the above article, the authors reported that there was no significant difference in expectations scores between men and women. Repeat analysis of the data for a secondary study revealed that the data previously reported P value was erroneous and there was in fact a significant difference, with P = .026. All other previously reported results have been re-checked and there are no other errors.

scholarly journals Association of Hemorrhoid Vascular Injuries with Cigarette Smoking—An Evaluation with Interesting Prospects

2019 ◽  
Vol 05 (04) ◽  
pp. e172-e176
Author(s):  
Savitha V. Nagaraj ◽  
Amit Mori ◽  
Madhavi Reddy
Keyword(s):  
Cigarette Smoking ◽  
Vascular Diseases ◽  
Vascular Damage ◽  
Smoking History ◽  
P Value ◽  
Minority Population ◽  
Vascular Injuries ◽  
Clinical Value ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background Hemorrhoids are vascular structures in the anal canal which are seldom used to evaluate vascular diseases. Cigarette smoking is well-known to cause both arterial and venous vascular injuries. However, the impact of smoking on hemorrhoid vasculature is unknown. Objective Considering that vasculature in the hemorrhoids has the same anatomy and pathophysiology of vascular damage as other systemic vasculatures, we conducted this study to evaluate the relation between smoking and incidence of hemorrhoidal vascular injury. Design and Data Analysis Retrospective review of all the screening colonoscopies performed at our Department of Gastroenterology (predominantly serving urban minority population) over 3 years was conducted and patients with recorded smoking history were included in the study (n = 242). Fisher's exact test with two-tailed p-value and odds ratio were used to evaluate for the association between smoking and incidence of hemorrhoids. Results We studied 242 subjects and found statistically significant association between smoking and hemorrhoids (p < 0.05) with the risk of developing hemorrhoids among smokers being 2.4 times that of a nonsmoker. We further noted no significant difference in the incidence of hemorrhoidal vascular injuries between the past versus current smokers and male versus female smokers. Conclusion This is one of the first studies to establish an association between smoking and hemorrhoids. Our study shows that the hemorrhoidal vasculature is impacted by smoking similar to other vascular systems. This study sheds light on the possibility of evaluating hemorrhoids for clues of other systemic and gastrointestinal vascular damage. This correlation can add clinical value especially given the flexibility of assessing hemorrhoids as an outpatient in a cost effective and comfortable manner.

scholarly journals NUTRITIONAL IMBALANCE AND PHYSICAL ACTIVITY, A COMPARISON AMONG STUDENTS BELONGING TO DIFFERENT SOCIOECONOMIC STATUS IN METROPOLITAN CITY OF PAKISTAN

1970 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 146-152
Author(s):  
Toqeer Ahmed Iqbal ◽  
Zafar Hayat Maiken ◽  
Sana Ghaffar Bajwa ◽  
Sidra Naseem Malik ◽  
Wara Qazi
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Chronic Respiratory Disease ◽  
P Value ◽  
Low Ses ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Nutritional Imbalance

Background: Balanced diet and optimal physical activity are necessary to maintain health and prevent diseases. Physical and mental growth of children is affected adversely by nutritional imbalance and lack of physical activity. The main factors which are responsible for nutritional imbalance are inadequate food intake and poor health status due to poverty, lack of access to food and family size. Physical inactivity is a major risk factor for cardiovascular disease, cancer, diabetes, and chronic respiratory disease. Children and adolescents are at higher risk to nutritional imbalance. Methods: In this descriptive cross sectional study, a structured questionnaire was filled by 332 students of different age groups (11_16 years) in different public and private schools of Islamabad and Rawalpindi for 3 months. Sampling technique was simple random sampling. Results: The data obtained was analyzed using SPSS software. Out of 332 respondents111 (33.3%) belonged to low socioeconomic class, 111 (33.3%) of middle class and 110 (33.2%) of high class. The age of respondents was found similar in the three SES categories (p-value = 0.10) While calculating the BMI in three socio-economic classes (SES), we found that incidence of underweight (BMI <18.5) was higher in respondents from low SES while that of preobesity (BMI 25_29) was higher in high SES. No significant difference was found in normal and obese respondents among different SES. The incidence of adequate physical activity was slightly higher in respondents of low SES. Conclusion: the incidence of nutritional imbalance and physical activity is significantly different in population of different socioeconomic status

scholarly journals Age of First Infection of Pulmonary Tuberculosis in Dhaka Metropolitan City

2015 ◽  
Vol 62 (1) ◽  
pp. 49-53 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jahida Gulshan ◽  
Subrina Farah
Keyword(s):  
Pulmonary Tuberculosis ◽  
Control Program ◽  
P Value ◽  
National Tuberculosis Control Program ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Chest Disease ◽  
Occupational Activities ◽  
National Tuberculosis ◽  
Median Test ◽  
Exponential Regression Model

This study aims to determine the age of first infection of pulmonary tuberculosis in Dhaka, the capital of Bangladesh. Registered cases at an arbitrarily selected chest disease clinic in Dhaka under the National Tuberculosis Control Program (NTP) of Bangladesh was considered for this study. From the study of the sample of 303 cases, it was revealed that women are more likely to be affected by Tuberculosis bacilli at earlier ages as compared to men in Dhaka. Mann Whitney Median test showed a significant difference between the median age of first infection of male and female (p-value < 0.001). In addition it is also observed that there is a significant difference (p-value<0.05) between the median age of first infection between people with in-house occupational activities and individuals with outgoing occupational activities where outgoing people are infected by Tuberculosis bacilli at later ages than in-house workers. An exponential regression model shows significant effect of the variables sex and place of occupational activities on the age of first infection (p-value < 0.05). DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/dujs.v62i1.21961 Dhaka Univ. J. Sci. 62(1): 49-53, 2014 (January)

scholarly journals THE Q-ANGLE (QUADRICEP ANGLE) IS HIGHER IN FEMALE THAN MALE OF 17-YEAR-OLD STUDENTS WITH NORMAL BMI IN SMA NEGERI 3 DENPASAR

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 21
Author(s):  
Ida Ayu Intan Kartika Dewi ◽  
Ari Wibawa ◽  
I Made Muliarta
Keyword(s):  
Hypothesis Test ◽  
Quadriceps Muscle ◽  
P Value ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Mechanical Joints ◽  
Q Angle ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Right

Q-angle is the angle between the quadriceps muscle and the patellar tendon which shows the angle of quadriceps muscle pressure. Q-angle affects the mechanical joints of the knee and it will be susceptible to musculoskeletal disorders. The purpose aimed to find out whether there was a large difference in Q-angle in adolescent men and women aged 17 years old with normal BMI. This research was an observational analytic research with comparative study design. In 112 samples consists of male and female. Hypothesis test was using Mann-Whitney Test to know the difference between group of men and women. In the calculation of data analysis, p value was 0,002 (p <0.05) in the right Q-angle and p was 0,135 (p> 0,05) in left Q-angle.Based on the results of this study, it can be concluded that women has higher right Q-angle than men in right feet. However, no significant difference was found in the left Q-angle.Keywords: Q-angle, gender, age, BMI

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